氯化氰浸渍炭防护时间标准物质定值的不确定度评定

本文通过化学指示液确定氯化氰透过终点、自动电位滴定法测定氯化氰原始浓度的方法 ,对氯化氰浸渍炭防护时间标准物质进行定值,详细分析了定值试验中可能引入不确定度的测量过程,最终合成确定本标准物质的定值结果。氯化氰防护时间浸渍炭标准物质定值结果为46.12 min,扩展不确定度为6.3%(k=2)。     

氯化氰标准物质研究与测量不确定度分析

氯化氰毒剂既是典型的低沸点、难吸附化学战剂,也是个体、集体防护装备防毒性能试验、检验必需的特种化学试剂。氯化氰标准物质的研究是统一防护试验标准、量传校准防毒性能检测装置、评价试验方法准确性不可缺少的研究项目。本文对氯化氰标准物质的制备、定值以及测量不确定度的分析进行了介绍,对促进防护检测技术的发展具有一定意义。     

放射性建材实物标准样品的研制

有证实物标准样品"石材放射性标准样品"、"陶瓷产品的放射性标准样品"及"粉煤灰砌块的放射性标准样品"适用于γ谱仪校准和考核相近基质样品中所含放射性核素226Ra、232Th和40K含量测定的准确性,覆盖了建材产品需要检验的所有核素,达到放射平衡。样品由8家权威放射性检测机构采用低本底多道γ能谱仪测量方法进行定值测量,均匀性和稳定性良好,以对人们的安全与健康提供保护。     

电梯限速器动作速度校验结果不确定度评定

本文介绍了电梯检验中限速器动作速度校验的方法,分析了测量不确定度来源,建立测量模型,结合实例计算了输入量标准不确定度、不确定度分量以及合成标准不确定度,最终得出限速器动作速度校验结果的扩展不确定度,为检验机构对限速器动作速度校验进行不确定度分析提供参考。     

麻疯树籽壳生物质炭的制备及对六价铬离子的吸附研究

以麻疯树籽壳为原料经磷酸活化后炭化处理制备了生物质炭吸附剂。以六价铬离子为目标对象,考察了磷酸浓度、活化时间、炭化温度、炭化时间等制备条件对生物质炭吸附六价铬离子的能力,并探讨了生物质炭的投加量、溶液pH值等工艺条件对六价铬离子吸附能力的影响。结果表明:在磷酸浓度为2 mol/L,活化18 h,600℃下炭化1.5 h时所制得的生物质炭在投加量为5 g/L、溶液pH值为3时对铬离子的吸附效果最佳,铬离子去除率为74.5%。     

炭法烟气脱硫技术研究进展

炭法烟气脱硫技术经半个多世纪的发展，在脱硫剂、脱硫工艺、脱硫原理及联合脱除氮氧化物和有毒物质等方面取得了许多进展。在概述炭法烟气脱硫技术研究进展的同时，分析了制约炭法烟气脱硫技术发展的原因并对炭法烟气脱硫技术的发展方向提出了几点建议。     

柚子皮生物炭的制备及对水体中锰离子的吸附

以柚子皮为原料经硫化钠活化后炭化处理制备了生物质炭吸附剂,并将之应用于含锰废水的吸附。考察了溶液p H值、底液质量浓度、生物炭投加量等因素对柚子皮生物炭吸附能力的影响,并研究了柚子皮吸附剂对锰离子废水的吸附平衡和动力学特征。结果表明:柚子皮吸附剂对含锰废水具备较强吸附能力,在溶液p H值为6,底液质量浓度为50 mg/L,吸附剂投加量为2 g/L的条件下,对锰离子的去除率为93.5%;吸附平衡实验表明该等温吸附过程符合Langmuir方程,饱和吸附量为24.691 mg/g;吸附动力学研究表明,该吸附过程符合二级动力学方程,吸附速率常数为0.028 6 g/(mg·min)。     

煤质活性炭腐殖酸吸附性能研究

本文对不同工艺生产的煤质活性炭进行了腐殖酸吸附性能动态和静态试验研究。结果表明：不同工艺生产的煤质活性炭腐殖酸吸附值（动态）有较大差异，柱状炭0．16mg／g左右，破碎炭0．40～0．63mg/g．其中压块破碎炭为最高；静态吸附条件下，腐殖酸吸附率差异不大，各类炭均大于70％。     

H2O2处理酸性大红废水催化剂的研究

对H2O2多相催化氧化处理酸性大红工艺的催化剂进行了研究，探讨了催化剂的制备条件与催化性能间的关系。结果表明，过渡金属氧化物中CuO有较高的催化活性，Mn、Ni、Zn等金属的氧化物几乎无催化活性；采用沉淀法制备的催化剂的催化活性要比采用浸渍法制备的高。在较佳条件下制备的催化剂对于COD为632．5mg／L的酸性大红废水，在H2O2投加量为5mL／L时，COD去除率大于70％，色度去除率达98％。同时考察了该催化剂的稳定性，试验结果表明，催化剂经过多次使用后仍保持较高的催化活性。此外，该催化剂处理其他染料废水也有很好的效果。     

高锰酸钾改性生物炭对U(Ⅵ)的吸附特性

选用农林剩余物加工制得生物炭,用强氧化剂(KMnO_4、H_2O_2、HNO_3)对生物炭进行化学改性,选择最佳改性方法。通过吸附试验得出用0.01 mol/L KMnO_4改性的生物炭除铀效果最佳。采用KMnO_4改性的生物炭对废水中的铀进行吸附,考察吸附剂投加量、溶液pH值、吸附时间、溶液初始质量浓度等因素对U(Ⅵ)去除效果的影响。结果表明,当吸附剂投加量为0.3 g/L、U(Ⅵ)质量浓度为10mg/L、溶液pH=6、温度为25℃、吸附时间为120 min时,改性生物炭对U(Ⅵ)的去除效果最佳,吸附量达到32.57 mg/g,比未改性前提高了67.9%。对改性前后的生物炭进行了SEM、XRD、FTIR表征及表面含氧官能团测定、吸附动力学分析。结果表明,改性生物炭对U(Ⅵ)的吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程及Langmuir等温吸附模型(决定系数R20.99)。这表明对溶液中铀的去除可能是化学沉淀作用的结果,改性后含氧官能团增加,对溶液中铀的去除也可能存在官能团络合作用与表面吸附,使吸附剂化学吸附能力增强,除铀能力提高。     

MCM-41吸附法脱除烟气中二氧化硫的研究

基于活性炭吸附剂存在再生成本高、高温吸附能力差以及在高湿高温下脱附后性能严重下降等问题,研究采用MCM-41材料作为新型烟气脱硫吸附材料,该材料具有表观均匀、比表面积大、耐高温、脱附后能高效利用等优点,该研究设计了一种基于MCM-41材料的烟气脱硫吸附装置。介绍了该烟气脱硫吸附装置的结构、工作原理,并对MCM-41材料和活性炭在烟气中二氧化硫吸附效果进行了对比实验研究。研究结果表明:MCM-41吸附剂脱硫性能优异,相比活性炭吸附剂,脱硫效率提高了4%~8.4%,基于MCM-41材料的烟气脱硫吸附装置结构紧凑、占地面积小、吸附剂更换方便、脱硫效率高,在烟气排放量较小的各类工业企业脱硫系统中具有广泛的应用前景。     

安全工程本科教育专业认证的方法与实践

简要介绍我国高等工程教育专业认证试点的发展状况和主要做法,详细阐述安全工程专业认证以学生为本的指导思想和以质量保证及质量改进为出发点的基本特点。在通用标准的基础上,在培养目标、课程设置专业实验、专业实践、学科基础实践和毕业论文5个方面细化了安全工程专业认证的补充标准,明确安全工程专业认证的基本流程。安全工程本科教育专业认证的方法与实践,对于促进高等学校安全工程教育与注册安全工程师制度的相互衔接和质量的提高,促进我国的注册安全工程师制度与国际接轨有着重要的作用。     

An investigation of ergonomics analysis tools used in industry in the identification of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

Web-based surveys were sent to Canadian certified ergonomists, Joint Health and Safety Committees (JHSCs) and health and safety certification trainers to understand better which ergonomics analysis tools were used in industry and help JHSCs obtain the necessary training required to reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The results showed that most of the certified ergonomists used the Snook/Mital tables, the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) equation and rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) /rapid entire body assessment (REBA). The most frequently used methods by JHSCs to identify ergonomics risk were injury reports and worker complaints. The surveys for the health and safety certification trainers revealed that most curricula did not include ergonomics analysis tools. There appears to be a gap between what is recommended by certified ergonomists for JHSC, what is taught in training and what is used by JHSCs for ergonomics risk analysis. A better understanding, modifications in training curricula and education of JHSCs are needed to help reduce WMSDs.     

Regeneration of Insulating Mineral Oil by Carbonated Amorphous Calcium Phosphate–Chitosan Adsorbent

In this study carbonated amorphous calcium phosphate (CACP) microparticles were prepared for use as an alternative adsorbent to replace bauxite in the removal of polar compounds present in mineral oil previously used in transformers. Chitosan was used to bind the adsorbent CACP microparticles together. This material showed a better performance than bauxite in relation to the colour and interfacial tension (IT) of regenerated oil. Also, this adsorbent may offer an interesting alternative environmentally since, after extraction of the residual oil with an organic solvent it could be disposed of in soil providing macronutrients such as calcium, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous.     

论注册安全主任制度

为适应市场经济条件下安全生产工作的需要,以广州市建立注册安全主任执业资格制度为背景,概述了作为职业资格制度之一的“执业资格制度”、分析了安全主任执业资格制度产生的社会条件,论述了安全主任知识结构、作用机理等。用以上内容,试图论证：注册安全主任执业资格制度的产生是社会市场经济发展的必然要求     

Making work environment auditable – A ‘critical case’ study of certified occupational health and safety management systems in Denmark

This paper discusses the impact of certification on occupational health and safety management (OHSM) systems. Most research in the field has focused on how well such systems comply with voluntary standards such as OHSAS 18001 or with national and international legislation. However, this paper shows that even in cases of compliance, the certified systems have problems dealing with a range of contemporary complex work environment issues. Furthermore, certification also transforms the kinds of topics addressed and the procedures and activities applied in the system. Using the (in many ways successful) development of certified OHSM system in a manufacturing company in Denmark as a critical case, we demonstrate how certified OHSM systems unintentionally yet actively create an environment of ‘measurable and auditable facts’ shaped not only in response to legal and market demands for a safe work environment, but also as a consequence of the external demands for a visible and accountable work environment standard. We show how certified OHSM systems function like a hinge between internal operations and an external audience in a globalized market, thus giving priority to work environment issues that may later become demonstrable guarantees for a safe and healthy work environment. Thus the certified management system does not necessarily tackle the most urgent work environment issues and may exclude important aspects of the work environment such as psychosocial factors.     

Removal of Anions,Heavy Metals,Organics and Dyes from Water by Adsorption onto a New Activated Carbon from Jatropha Husk,an Agro-Industrial Solid Waste

Jatropha curcas is a multipurpose non-edible oil yielding perennial shrub and it is a drought tolerant plant. Its seeds are used to produce bio-diesel. Jatropha husk, an agricultural solid waste, generated from bio-diesel industries, was used as a starting material to produce activated carbon. Using jatropha husk activated carbon (JHC), the feasibility of removal of toxic anions, dyes, heavy metals and organic compounds from water was investigated. Sorption of inorganic anions such as nitrate, selenite, chromate, vanadate and phosphate and heavy metal such as nickel(II) has been studied. Removal of organics such as bisphenol, 2-chlorophenol also have been investigated. Adsorption of acid dyes such as acid brilliant blue, acid violet, basic dyes such as methylene blue, direct dyes such as direct red-12B, congo red, reactive dye like procion red were investigated to assess the possible use of the adsorbent. Results show that jatropha husk activated carbon can be used as an adsorbent for the removal of toxic pollutants from water.     

香港注册安全主任制度对注册安全工程师执业资格制度的启示

注册安全工程师执业资格制度在我国实施仅有4年的历史,仍处于起步阶段,存在很多亟待解决的问题。香港特别行政区自1978年实施注册安全主任制度以来,已形成完善的资格管理体系,并实现在工业经营场所按规定配备一定数量的安全主任。笔者通过探讨香港注册安全主任制度的发展历程,提出可借鉴的运作方法和管理经验,对完善注册安全工程师执业资格制度法律体系、探索企业合理配备注册安全工程师原则并对其继续教育方式等问题提出建议。     

How safe are standard certified motorcycle safety helmets? Malaysian postal delivery riders scenario

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of motorcycle safety helmets (MSHs) used by postal delivery riders (PDRs) that comply with the Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia’s (SIRIM) MSH standard guidelines and identify factors that contribute toward compliance of used MSHs with the standards.

Methods: The presence of SIRIM certification label, the status of MSH, type of chinstrap, MSH crash history, and duration of MSH use were observed. The dependent variable was the results of the SIRIM testing procedures (SIRIM tests). MSHs that passed the SIRIM tests were considered “standard certified” MSHs.

Results: The odds of the complimentary MSHs passing all of the SIRIM tests were 3.7 times the odds of the self-purchased MSHs passing the tests. The odds of MSHs with the SIRIM certification label passing all of the SIRIM tests were 24.2 times the odds of MSHs without the SIRIM certification label, and the odds of MSHs used <3?years passing the SIRIM tests were 3.75 times the odds of the MSHs used ≥3.8?years.

Conclusion: PDRs provided with complimentary MSHs with the SIRIM certification label by the employer for their daily delivery routines and duration of MSH used for less than 3 years were found to be safe MSHs for male occupational riders in Malaysia.     

专业认证与安全工程本科教育

专业认证是注册安全工程师制度的基础与前期,对培养安全人才的安全工程本科专业的认证,对完善注册安全工程师制度有重要意义。随着我国安全工程本科专业认证试点工作的开展与深入,专业认证对安全工程本科专业的影响愈加明显,甚至在某种程度上预示着安全工程本科专业教育发展的趋势。论文从专业认证的内涵分析入手,指出我国安全工程本科专业需要专业认证,并简要介绍了我国安全工程本科专业认证的具体情况。在此基础上,从标准规范、培养目标、课程体系、教学方法、质量保障等五个方面透视了专业认证对安全工程本科教育的影响,旨在推动安全工程本科教育改革,使专业认证与安全工程本科教育形成良性互动,提高安全科技人才培养质量,为安全生产做出应有贡献。