Adsorption of As(III) on chitosan-Fe-crosslinked complex (Ch-Fe)

It was reported the adsorption of As(III) on the surface of the chitosan-Fe-crosslinked complex. Theoretical correlation of the experimental equilibrium adsorption data for As(III)/Ch-Fe system is best explained by the non-linearized form Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model. At optimum conditions, pH 9.0, the maximum adsorption capacity, calculated using the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model was 13.4 mg g⁻¹. The adsorption kinetics of As(III) onto Ch-Fe are described by the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation. The results of the Mössbauer spectroscopy showed that there is no redox process on the surface of the adsorbent.     

A geometric approach to determine adsorption and desorption kinetic constants

A geometric method based on Langmuir kinetics has been derived to determine adsorption and desorption kinetic constants. In the conventional procedure, either the adsorption kinetic constant (k(a)c) or desorption kinetic constant (k(d)c) is found from kinetic experiments and the other is calculated by their correlation with the equilibrium constant, i.e, k(d)c = Kcon/k(a)c, where Kcon has been known from equilibrium studies. The determined constants (Kcon, k(a)c, k(d)c), if based only on the conventional procedure, may not be accurate due to their mathematical dependence. Therefore, the objectives of this study are applying a geometric approach to directly determine Langmuir kinetic constants and describe adsorption behavior. In this approach, both adsorption kinetic constant (k(a)g) and desorption kinetic constant (k(d)g) are obtained only from data of kinetic experiments, and a geometric equilibrium constant (Kgeo) is calculated by Kgeo = k(a)g/k(d)g. The deviation between Kgeo and Kcon can prove the accuracy of k(a)g and k(d)g which were determined by this method. This approach was applicable to selenate, selenite and Mg2+ adsorption onto SiO2 regardless of whether the adsorbate formed inner- or outer-sphere complexes. However, this method showed some deviation between Kcon and Kgeo for Mn2+ adsorption because of the formation of surface Mn(II)-hydroxide clusters, which was inconsistent with the basic assumption of this method of monolayer adsorption.     

Comparison of batch, stirred flow chamber, and column experiments to study adsorption, desorption and transport of carbofuran within two acidic soils

Different methods (batch, column and stirred flow chamber experiments) used for adsorption and desorption of carbofuran studies were compared. All tested methods showed that the carbofuran adsorption was higher in the soil with the higher organic matter content, whereas the opposite behaviour was observed for the percentage of carbofuran desorbed. However, different methods have revealed some discrepancies in carbofuran adsorption/desorption kinetics. Although batch method showed interesting data on equilibrium experiments, such as a low heterogeneity for the carbofuran adsorption sites independent of soil organic matter content, it had some disadvantages for carbofuran adsorption/desorption kinetic studies. The disadvantages were related with the excessive limitations of this method on kinetics, i.e., no difference could be detected between different soils. However, with column and stirred flow chamber methods the carbofuran adsorption/desorption kinetics of different soils could be compared. Moreover, the absolute values of carbofuran adsorption/desorption and its rate were higher in the stirred flow chamber than in the batch and column experiments. Using stirred flow chamber experiments the carbofuran desorption was significantly faster than its adsorption, whereas carbofuran using column experiments they were similar. These discrepancies should be considered when the results obtained only with one method is discussed.     

Kinetics of phenanthrene desorption from activated carbons to water

We determined the kinetics of phenanthrene desorption from three activated carbons to water using Tenax beads as an infinite sink for organic compounds in water. Desorption kinetic data very well fitted a biphasic kinetic model based on the presence of two different adsorption sites, viz. low-energy sites and high-energy sites. Rate constants for desorption to water from these two types of sites in the three activated carbons did not reveal a relation with activated carbon grain size. These rate constants were comparable to those for desorption of various organic compounds from hard carbon in various sediments.     

Adsorption behavior of reactive dye in aqueous solution on chemical cross-linked chitosan beads

A batch system was applied to study the adsorption of reactive dye (reactive red 189) from aqueous solutions by cross-linked chitosan beads. The ionic cross-linking reagent sodium tripolyphosphate was used to obtain more rigid chitosan beads. To stabilize chitosan in acid solutions, chemical cross-linking reagent epichlorohydrin (ECH), glutaraldehyde and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether was used and ECH shows a higher adsorption capacity. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms at different particle sizes and isotherm constants were determined. The Langmuir model agrees very well with experimental data and its calculated maximum monolayer adsorption capacity has very large value of 1802-1840 (g/kg) at pH 3.0, 30 degrees C. The kinetics of the adsorption with respect to the initial dye concentration, temperature, pH, ionic strength, and wet/dry beads were investigated. The pseudo-first-order, second-order kinetic models and intraparticle diffusion model were used to describe the kinetic data and the rate constants were evaluated. The dynamical data fit well with the second-order kinetic model, except for the dry beads fitting better with the first-order model. The adsorption capacity increases largely with decreasing solution pH or with increasing initial dye concentration. Thermodynamic parameters such as change in free energy (deltaG(0)), enthalpy (deltaH(0)), entropy (deltaS(0)) and activation energy were also determined. The adsorption mechanism is shown to be the electrostatic interactions between the dye and chitosan beads. The desorption data shows that the removal percent of dye RR 189 from the cross-linked chitosan beads is 63% in NaOH solutions at pH 10.0, 30 degrees C. The desorbed chitosan beads can be reused to adsorb the dye and to reach the same capacity as that before desorption.     

改性沸石吸附低浓度氨氮废水及其脱附的研究

采用氯化钠溶液对浙江某地天然沸石改性,以低浓度氨氮废水为处理对象,比较了天然沸石和改性沸石的吸附等温线、吸附动力学和动态吸附,并进行了改性沸石的动态脱附研究.结果表明,沸石的平衡吸附量随着平衡浓度的增大而增大;Freundlich方程比Langmuir方程更好地描述沸石吸附低浓度氨氮废水的行为,改性沸石比天然沸石具有更...     

Adsorption behavior of 17α-ethynylestradiol onto soils followed by fluorescence spectral deconvolution

In this study, a simple and rapid procedure for monitoring adsorption of 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) onto soil samples was developed. The used method is based on a multiwavelength fluorescence spectral deconvolution (FSD) where the emission fluorescence spectrum of a sample is considered as a linear combination of emission spectra, named reference spectra. The combination of the reference spectra allows the restitution of the shape of the emission spectrum of any unknown sample. This approach was applied to follow EE2 adsorption onto four soil samples and is an easy and low cost alternative.Adsorption experimental data showed a good fit with the Hill equation, mathematically equivalent to the Langmuir-Freundlich model assuming that the adsorption is a cooperative process influenced by adsorbate-adsorbate interactions. Molecular modelling studies clearly support the “co-operative adsorption” model, showing that after the adsorption of the first layer of EE2 molecules onto the soil, at least one more layer of EE2 is adsorbed, due to interactions established with the first adsorbed layer. Notwithstanding, packing a third row would imply interactions between two EE2 molecules that differ from the ones verified in the lowest energy structure, which also explains the plateau achieved in the adsorption curve.     

棘孢曲霉(Aspergillus aculeatus)对Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附特征

为了研究棘孢曲霉(Aspergillus aculeatus)对溶液中Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)吸附过程的特征,分别从动力学、热力学和吸附等温线三方面进行了实验,同时还研究了pH、温度、时间、重金属离子起始浓度和吸附剂用量对吸附过程的影响。等温吸附过程可以用Langmuir方程来描述。在实验设定条件下,棘孢曲霉对Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)最大吸附量分别为71.2 mg/g和59.8 mg/g;动力学实验数据很好的符合二级动力学方程,吸附达到平衡的时间为3 h;热力学实验数据显示该吸附过程为自发的、吸热的过程。     

棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋的吸附特征

为了研究棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）对溶液中Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋吸附过程的特征，分别从动力学、热力学和吸附等温线三方面进行了实验，同时还研究了pH、温度、时间、重金属离子起始浓度和吸附剂用量对吸附过程的影响。等温吸附过程可以用Langmuir方程来描述。在实验设定条件下，棘孢曲霉对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋最大吸附量分别为71．2mg／g和59．8mg／g；动力学实验数据很好的符合二级动力学方程，吸附达到平衡的时间为3h；热力学实验数据显示该吸附过程为自发的、吸热的过程。     

棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）对Pb2＋和Cd2＋的吸附特征

为了研究棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）对溶液中Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋吸附过程的特征，分别从动力学、热力学和吸附等温线三方面进行了实验，同时还研究了pH、温度、时间、重金属离子起始浓度和吸附剂用量对吸附过程的影响。等温吸附过程可以用Langmuir方程来描述。在实验设定条件下，棘孢曲霉对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋最大吸附量分别为71.2 mg/g和59.8 mg/g；动力学实验数据很好的符合二级     

Sorption of thiamethoxam in three Indian soils

The sorption behavior of the insecticide thiamethoxam [3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine] on three Indian soils with different physico-chemical properties was investigated. The soils represent the major grapevine growing areas of India, where the vineyards frequently receive thiamethoxam applications as foliar spray, soil drenching and through drip irrigation for the management of various insect pests. The rate constants for adsorption and desorption at two different temperatures were obtained from the Lindstrom model, which simultaneously evaluated adsorption and desorption kinetics. The data for rate constants, activation energies, enthalpy of activation, entropy of activation and free energy indicated physical adsorption of thiamethoxam on soil. The adsorptivity of different soils might be attributed to the organic matter and clay contents. A good fit to the linear and Freundlich isotherms was observed for both adsorption as well as desorption. Thiamethoxam could be categorized as a chemical with medium leaching potential.     

Zn / Al 双金属氧化物对水中硫酸根离子的吸附性能简

研究了用Zn/Al水滑石制得的Zn/Al双金属氧化物（Zn/Al-300）吸附剂对水中硫酸根离子的吸附，考查了吸附剂投加量、初始pH等因素对硫酸根离子吸附的影响。结果表明，Zn/Al-300对水中硫酸根离子的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温方程，理论最大吸附量为62.5 mg/g。运用动力学方程进行拟合，吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程；溶液的pH影响吸附剂对硫酸根的吸附，在pH=5.5时硫酸根的去除率最大；X射线衍射结果显示，水滑石经过焙烧后丧失了原有的构形，并在吸附硫酸根离子后重新恢复水滑石的部分层状结构。吸附机制主要为Zn/Al-300从溶液中获取阴离子以重建水滑石的晶体结构，即“记忆效应”。对吸附后的双金属氧化循环应用4此后，吸附容量几乎不变，说明双金属氧化物具有可循环型。通过将Zn/Al-300与其他几种吸附剂的经济性分析，表明此吸附剂在使用过程中具有一定优势。     

天然和CPB改性沸石对Hg^2＋的吸附特征

通过静态实验研究溴代十六烷基吡啶（CPB）改性沸石和天然沸石对废水中Hg^2＋的吸附特性，探讨了吸附动力学、吸附平衡和吸附热力学机制。研究表明：Langmuir方程能较好地描述2种沸石对Hg^2＋的吸附，CPB改性沸石对Hg^2＋的吸附率得到显著提高。实验条件下，改性沸石对Hg^2＋的吸附率从67．5％提高到98．9％，吸附容量从0．521mg／g提高到3．07mg／g。利用准一级动力学方程、假二级动力学方程、颗粒内扩散模型和Elovich方程分别对动力学过程进行拟合，发现2种沸石对Hg^2＋的吸附均满足假二级动力学方程，且离子的颗粒内扩散对整个吸附过程有影响。动力学拟合、D-R方程拟合和热力学研究综合表明：2种沸石对Hg^2＋的吸附既存在化学吸附又存在物理吸附，吸附吉布斯自由能变（△G^0）、焓变（△H^0）、熵变（△S^0）均小于0，反应为自发的放热反应，低温有利于吸附的进行。     

Study on the kinetics of cerium(III) adsorption-desorption on different soils of China

The kinetics of Ce(III) adsorption-desorption on four typical soils in China has been studied by using the batch method with the radioactive nuclide 141Ce. Results indicated that Ce(III) adsorption was rapid and nearly finished in less than 0.5 min. Desorption procedure was about completed in 1-30 min in the tested soils. Ce(III) desorption equilibrium times vary with different soils. The amounts of Ce(III) desorption on different soils in the same time were different. The Elovich equation proved to be the best models for fitting the data of Ce(III) desorption reactions in fluvo-aquic soil and black soil; and the parabolic-diffusion equation was the best model in red earth and loess soil.     

磷酸活化-微波热解改性污泥对镉的吸附性能

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,利用磷酸活化-微波热解制取改性污泥。以此污泥作为吸附剂,对含Cd2+废水进行了吸附实验研究。考察了溶液反应时间、Cd2+浓度、pH值和吸附剂用量对镉吸附去除效果的影响;利用等温吸附实验作出吸附等温线,并考察了改性污泥吸附剂吸附Cd2+的动力学方程。实验结果表明,改性污泥对Cd2+有良好的吸附性能,吸附最佳pH值为6.0,吸附较好地符合一级动力学吸附模型和Langmuir-Freundlich等温吸附方程,吸附为物理吸附,吸附反应发生12 h后达到吸附平衡。     

Some models for the adsorption kinetics of pesticides in soil

Abstract

Three models describing adsorption‐desorption kinetics of pesticides in soil, that could be incorporated into computer programs on pesticide movement in soil, were discussed, The first model involved single first‐order rate equations for adsorption and desorption. Results from an analytical and a numerical solution for local equilibration were compared. Concentration‐time relationships for the solution and adsorbed phases were calculated for different rate constants, initial conditions, and partition ratios at equilibrium. The second model described simultaneous adsorption‐desorption equilibration with two mechanisms, both with their own rate constants. After a comparatively fast equilibration with the first mechanism, there was a gradual increase in extent of overall‐adsorption, accompanied with a shift to greater amounts adsorbed by the second mechanism. With the third model, adsorption equilibration occurred by diffusion into a stagnant region. With diffusion distances ranging from 0.1 to 4.0 cm, the time needed for approach to adsorption equilibrium varied from about 0.25 days to about one year. Some of the possibilities of these models were discussed considering published experimental results.     

Kinetic characterizing of soil trace metal availability using Soil/EDTA/Chelex mixture

The kinetic aspects are not usually tackled when mimicking the soil trace metal mobilization. In this work, a simple procedure is developed for measuring the kinetics of Pb, Cu and Cd transfer from the soil solid phase towards a resin sink. A ternary system of Soil/EDTA/Chelex was employed for mimicking the metal transfer from two agricultural soil samples into the Chelex. Two different kinetic regimes (P₁ and P₂) were observed. The kinetic profile of Pb was distinctly different from those of Cd and Cu. Basing on kinetic principles, two kinetic models were proposed for estimating the apparent rate constants of leaching and removal processes in, respectively, two binary mixtures of soil/EDTA and EDTA extracts/Chelex. Contrary to Pb, solid phase pools of Cd and Cu exchanged with the solution on short time scales. The kinetic rate of desorption occurred in following order: Pb < Cu ? Cd. Comparing the kinetics of binary systems, the desorption process was hypothesized to control the metal transfer. The parameters related to the desorption process were extended to the kinetic regimes of Soil/EDTA/Chelex and revealed that the soil to Chelex transfer of Pb is under kinetics control whereas the bulk concentration (affected by the size of particulate reservoir) is likely to control the Cd transfer. Cu presents an intermediate case.     

Adsorption kinetics of herbicide paraquat from aqueous solution onto activated bleaching earth

In the present study, the activated bleaching earth was used as adsorbent for the herbicide paraquat adsorption in a batch adsorber. The rate of adsorption has been investigated under the controlled process parameters like agitation speed, initial paraquat concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature. A batch kinetic model, based on the assumption of a pseudo-second order mechanism, has been tested to predict the rate constant of adsorption, equilibrium adsorption capacity, time of half-adsorption, and equilibrium concentration by the fittings of the experimental data. The results of the kinetic studies show that the adsorption process can be well described with the pseudo-second order equation. Based on the isotherm data obtained from the fittings of the adsorption kinetics, Freundlich model appears to fit the adsorption better than Langmuir model. In addition, the effective diffusion coefficient has also been estimated based on the restrictive diffusion model.     

活性炭纤维及其在水处理中的应用

介绍了活性炭纤维材料的发展历史、类别、结构性能、制备过程。活性炭纤维比普通活性炭性能优越，吸附量大，机械强度高，吸附、脱附速度快，正逐渐地被用于废水处理和饮用水的净化。其具体方法有常用的吸附法、电解法，以及尚在起步阶段的生物活性炭纤维法。     

Kinetic studies of adsorption of lead(ll) from aqueous solution by wine-processing waste sludge.

A waste sludge produced from a wine-processing wastewater treatment process was used as an adsorbent to removal of heavy metal-lead(II) from aqueous solution. Results of kinetic experiments demonstrated that the adsorption was effective and rapid. Four different kinds of adsorption kinetic models (i.e., pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and two intra-particular mass diffusion models) were used to investigate the adsorption mechanisms. A normalized standard deviation was used to find the best adsorption kinetic model for the removal of lead(ll) by the sludge. The comparison shows that the kinetic adsorption data can be well-described by the pseudo-second-order adsorption model and that sorption might be a rate-limiting control. The adsorption-rate constant and adsorption capacity of pseudo-second-order adsorption equation were calculated. The parameters (initial lead(II) concentration, sludge-particle size, and sludge dosages), which affect the adsorption capacity of sludge, were discussed by using the pseudo-second-order adsorption equation.