出汗假人在服装热湿舒适性中的测试与评价

服装热湿舒适性能的测评是服装实际使用之前的关键步骤,而出汗假人又是测试评价服装热湿舒适性的必要手段。因此,本文对出汗假人在服装热湿舒适性中测试指标、测试标准和方法等进行了综述,分析了出汗假人的测试特点,重点阐述了出汗假人测试方法的局限性。最后,本文还介绍了数值暖体假人的测试方法,对出汗假人测评服装热湿舒适性提出建议与展望。     

服装测试用假人可活动性的分析与设计

本文介绍了不同类型服装测试用假人的特征和用途,对其可活动性功能进行分析,并提出了改进设计建议,展望了服装测试用假人可活动性研究的发展动向。     

燃烧假人和燃烧工程实验室研究通过方案评审

由总后军需装备研究所承担的“服装燃烧假人测试系统研究”和“单兵装备燃烧工程实验室研究”两个项目研究方案评审会，不久前在北京召开。     

出汗假人系统热湿控制性能

本文介绍了总后军需装备研究所新研制的出汗假人热湿控制系统的结构和性能。通过对不同试验服装的测试表明，出汗假人测试系统能够准确地测量各种服装的热阻、湿阻和透湿指教，获得了高精度、高重复性的测试效果。     

暖体假人的测试原理及应用

暖体假人是用于服装热学性能实验的通用仪器设备。本文概述了暖体假人的测试原理、系统构成及其在服装测试与评价中的应用。     

暖体假人的测试原理及应用

暖体假人是用于服装热学性能实验的通用仪器设备。本文概述了暖体假人的测试原理、系统构成及其在服装测试与评价中的应用。     

常温条件下服装热阻测试方法研究

对常温环境条件下模拟低温环境用暖体假人测试服装热阻的实验技术进行了研究。通过提高假人皮肤温度的控制水平,适当提高皮肤温度与环境湿度的差值,只要保证△T在一定的范围内,常温与低温下热阻的测试结果就无明显差异。这样,常温条件下服装的热学性能实验就能代替低温条件下的测试实验,克服实验条件的限制,从而促进暖体假人测试技术的推广应用。     

实体测试假人在游乐设施检测中的应用前景

针对传统游乐设施测试方法无法获取乘坐过程中的乘客受力、加速度和挤压变形等问题,开展了实体测试假人在游乐设施检测中的应用前景预研工作。本文充分调研了实体测试假人发展历程,分析了游乐设施测试假人应用现状,指出了传统游乐设施测试假人存在的问题,进行了实体测试假人在游乐设施测试中的应用探索。最后,对游乐设施测试假人开发提出了几点建议。     

出汗假人及其控制系统研究

本文介绍了总后勤部军需装备研究所新研制的出汗假人的结构、加热控制系统和出汗控制系统的设计以及假人的控制品质。本研究将为服装热湿传递性能的研究、分析与评价提供先进的测试手段，为服装材料新产品开发提供理论基础。     

用暖体假人测定服装保暖量的标准化问题

论述了用干热暖体假人在恒温条件下测定服装热阻的标准化问题。为实现标准化,首先应该建立一个统一的考核指标体系,它包括准确度、重复精度和量程,同时还对影响测试结果的诸因素进行了讨论。     

美国ADAM暖体假人简介

ADAM暖体假人（Advanced Thermal Manikin）是当今世界上最先进的热能测试人体舒适度模型。是热能测试人体模型技术上的一个飞跃。ADAM是由美国国家可再生资源实验室和美国西北测试科技公司（MTNW）共同研制的，用来精确检测车辆和航行器内短时间的环境变化。ADAM有126个独立的发汗区，可以高度精确地模拟人在不同环境气候条件下的感觉和舒适度，以及人体的各种反应，如出汗、呼吸等等。     

Parallel and serial methods of calculating thermal insulation in European manikin standards

Standard No. EN 15831:2004 provides 2 methods of calculating insulation: parallel and serial. The parallel method is similar to the global one defined in Standard No. ISO 9920:2007. Standards No. EN 342:2004, EN 14058:2004 and EN 13537:2002 refer to the methods defined in Standard No. EN ISO 15831:2004 for testing cold protective clothing or equipment. However, it is necessary to consider several issues, e.g., referring to measuring human subjects, when using the serial method. With one zone, there is no serial-parallel issue as the results are the same, while more zones increase the difference in insulation value between the methods. If insulation is evenly distributed, differences between the serial and parallel method are relatively small and proportional. However, with more insulation layers overlapping in heavy cold protective ensembles, the serial method produces higher insulation values than the parallel one and human studies. Therefore, the parallel method is recommended for standard testing.     

暖体假人模拟人体热反应测控模型的研究

通过低温下人体非蒸发散热规律的研究与应用,建立了暖体假人模拟人体热反应仿真测控模型,该测控模型具有很好的调节品质和实用价值。     

Thermal manikin measurements--exact or not?

According to the European prestandard ENV 342:1998, the thermal insulation of cold-protective clothing is measured with a thermal manikin. Systematic studies on the reproducibility of the values, measured with different types of clothing on the commonly used standing and walking manikins, have not been reported in the literature. Over 300 measurements were done in 8 different European laboratories. The reproducibility of the thermal insulation test results was good. The coefficient of variation was lower than 8%. The measured clothing should fit the manikin precisely, because poorly fitting clothing gave an error in the results. The correlation between parallel and serial insulation values was excellent and parallel values were about 20% lower than serial ones. The influence of ambient conditions was critical only in the case of air velocity. The reproducibility of thermal insulation test results in a single laboratory was good, and the variation was lower than 3%.     

The influence of sweating on the heat transmission properties of cold protective clothing studied with a sweating thermal manikin.

One of the objectives of the European SUBZERO project was to study the influence of sweat evaporation and condensation on the heat transmission properties of cold protective clothing. With the sweating thermal manikin Coppelius, water vapour transfer through and water condensation in the clothing can be determined simultaneously with the thermal insulation. In this study, 4 cold protective ensembles, intended for use temperatures between 0 and -50 degrees C, were measured with the dry manikin and at 2 different sweating rates. In addition, the ensembles were measured with non-sweating thermal manikins and in wear trials.     

燃烧假人实验室安全监控及应急处理系统设计

针对燃烧假人实验室的安全监控和应急处理要求,根据相关国家标准,设计了感温、感烟、可燃气体探测器、声光报警器,摄像装置、通排风系统、灭火处理系统和水喷淋降温装置,并采取防雷击和防静电措施,实现了对高温、烟雾和燃气泄露等安全隐患的全面监控和处理。     

不同外热部位下18650型锂离子电池热失控研究

为探究不同外热部位对18650型锂离子电池热失控特性的影响,通过自主设计的试验平台对电荷量为100%的18650型锂离子电池开展不同外热部位下热失控试验,探讨不同部位外热源对电池热失控行为过程、热失控响应时间、温度特性、电池破裂部位的影响。结果表明:在相同热源功率条件下,外热源位置对电池热失控过程中初爆与二次燃爆间的时间间隔存在影响,顶部加热时安全阀打开瞬间便发生二次燃爆,底部和中部加热工况下,时间间隔分别延迟至18 s和40 s;中部加热时池体温升速率最慢,为0.873℃/s,分别为顶部和底部加热时的77.5%和77.8%;中部加热时热失控响应时间最长达290 s,顶部和底部加热时分别缩短12.4%和30.0%;顶部和底部加热时,热失控破裂部位集中于顶部"褶皱处"和底部防爆阀,但在中部加热工况下,电池发生破裂部位的随机性增加,其外壳破坏程度也有增加。     

Green thermal analysis for predicting thermal hazard of storage and transportation safety for tert-butyl peroxybenzoate

Liquid organic peroxides, such as tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB), have been widely employed in the petrifaction industry as a polymerization formation agent. This study investigated the thermokinetic parameters of TBPB by isothermal kinetic algorithms and non-isothermal kinetic equations, using thermal activity monitor III (TAM III) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Simulations of 0.5 L, 25 kg, 55 gallon, and 400 kg reactors in liquid thermal explosion models were performed and compared to the results in the literature. A green thermal analysis was developed for a reactor containing TBPB to prevent pollution and reduce the energy consumption by thermal decomposition. It is based on the thermal hazard properties, such as the heat of decomposition (ΔH_d), activation energy (E_a), self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT), control temperature (CT), emergency temperature (ET), and critical temperature (TCR). From the experimental results, the optimal conditions to avoid violent runaway reactions during the storage and transportation of TBPB were determined.     

Numerical simulation of the thermal inertia of an adiabatic reaction calorimeter in reaction thermal safety process

Obtaining accurate thermal risk assessment parameters of chemical processes and substance properties is essential for improving the safety of chemical production and substance use and storage, and the adiabatic reaction calorimeter (ARC) has been employed by many researchers for this purpose. However, with the improvement and upgrading of the instrument, an examination of the factors that affect its detection accuracy is warranted. A simplified reaction model of the adiabatic thermal decomposition of tert-butyl peroxyacetate was constructed using computational fluid dynamics in which the adiabatic thermal decomposition kinetic model and fluid-solid coupling model were combined to simulate heat transfer. To verify the reliability of the parameters of the numerical calculation model, the effects of the sample cell's material, wall thickness, and mass were investigated in relation to the thermal inertia of the ARC. The results indicated that the thermal inertia of the system was lowest when the sample cell was composed of titanium. When the sample pool's composition is determined, the thermal inertia of the system can be reduced to a certain extent through an approximate increase in the sample mass. Finally, an analysis of the heat flow cloud diagram of the wall of sample pools made from different materials revealed that the thermal conductivity of titanium was high; this information can assist in controlling the adiabatic process.