污泥焚烧灰对Cd~(2+)的吸附特性

以城市污水处理厂产生的污泥为原料,对其进行焚烧得到污泥焚烧灰。在对污泥焚烧灰进行表征的基础上,研究了利用污泥焚烧灰对水中Cd2+的吸附。结果表明,吸附效率随吸附时间、污泥焚烧灰投加量和初始pH的增加而增加;而温度的影响不明显。在吸附时间为80 min,污泥焚烧灰投加量为10 g/L,初始pH为5~7,温度为30℃的最佳工艺条件下,当Cd2+浓度低于10 mg/L,污泥焚烧灰对水中Cd2+的去除率可达99%以上。废水中的Cu2+会对Cd2+的吸附产生抑制作用,而Cr6+影响微弱。污泥焚烧灰对Cd2+的吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温式,吸附过程主要是物理吸附,吸附量可达17.94 mg/g。     

软锰矿改性污泥活性炭对Cu~(2+)吸附特性的研究

文章对比研究了污泥活性炭(AC)和1%软锰矿改性的污泥活性炭(ACP)对溶液中Cu2+的吸附特性,考察了时间、pH值和吸附剂投加量等因素对吸附反应的影响。结果表明:室温下,180 min后Cu2+吸附达到平衡,pH=4.8时吸附效果最优;伪二阶动力学方程和Langmuir吸附等温方程能很好地拟合两种污泥活性炭的吸附反应。通过计算,室温下,改性前后的污泥活性炭Langmuir模型的饱和吸附量Qm分别是78.13 mg/g和94.34 mg/g。在初始浓度200 mg/L,pH=5,吸附剂投加量为2g/L时,1%软锰矿改性的污泥活性炭对Cu2+的最大吸附量为90.15 mg/g,比未改性时提高了23.33%。     

固化填埋污泥对Cu2+、Zn2+吸附特征的比较研究

比较研究了固化填埋污泥对Cu2+、Zn2+吸附特征差异.结果表明,固化填埋污泥对Cu2+、Zn2+的吸附量及吸附率均在pH 3时达最大值;当固化填埋污泥质量浓度为6.0g/L时,其对初始浓度为150mg/L 的Cu2+、Zn2+吸附率均可达90%以上.固化填埋污泥对Cu2+、Zn2+的吸附等温式与Henry、Freundlich及Langmiur方程均具有较好的拟合性,且固化填埋污泥分别对Cu2+和Zn2 +具有较高的吸附强度和吸附容量.解吸特性研究表明,盐酸仅在pH1时对固化填埋污泥中Cu2+、Zn2+的解吸率达90%以上;随EDTA浓度增加,其对固化填埋污泥中吸附态Cu2+的解吸率显著上升,0.5mmol/L EDTA即可解吸100%的吸附态Cu2+,但对固化填埋污泥中吸附态Zn2+的解吸率仅为10%左右.     

不同填埋污泥对Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)吸附特性差异研究

比较研究了直接填埋污泥A和固化填埋污泥B对Cu2+、Zn2+吸附、解吸规律及吸附动力学行为.结果表明,污泥A及污泥B对Cu2+、Zn2+的吸附等温线均与Freundlich和Henry方程具有较好的拟合性,且污泥A和污泥B分别对Cu2+和Zn2+具有较强的吸附固定能力,10～20g·L-1的污泥A对初始浓度为128mg·L-1的Cu2+及5g·L-1的污泥B对初始浓度为128mg·L-1的Zn2+的吸附率均可达95%.随着外源Cu2+、Zn2+浓度的增大,2种污泥对Cu2+、Zn2+的解吸率均逐渐减小,且以污泥A对Cu2+的解吸率和污泥B对Zn2+的解吸率相对最小.2种污泥对Cu2+、Zn2+的吸附均符合一级动力学方程,且污泥A和污泥B分别对Cu2+和Zn2+的吸附速率相对较高.红外光谱特征分析表明,脂肪酸或芳香酸中的COO-和硅酸盐中的Si—O是污泥A吸附Cu2+的主要活性基团,而脂肪醇中的—OH和金属氧化物中的Me—O是污泥B吸附Zn2+的主要活性基团.     

市政污泥生物碳对重金属的吸附特性

采用市政污泥在300℃缺氧条件下制得污泥生物碳,研究了污泥生物碳添加量、溶液pH及吸附反应时间对溶液中Pb2+、Cu2+、Zn2+吸附效果的影响,并分析了各因素影响机制及污泥生物碳对重金属的吸附机理. 结果表明,污泥生物碳对溶液中重金属的去除率与重金属水合离子半径呈负相关,随着污泥生物碳添加量的增加,溶液中重金属的去除率不断增加,但单位吸附量总体上呈下降趋势. 重金属吸附量随溶液pH的增加而增大,当溶液初始pH为6.00时,污泥生物碳对溶液中Pb2+、Cu2+和Zn2+的吸附量最大,分别达42.941、25.769和12.484mg/g. 伪二级动力学方程可有效描述溶液中重金属离子在生物碳上的吸附过程,重金属在污泥生物碳表面的吸附主要受化学反应控制,Pb2+、Cu2+和Zn2+的平衡吸附量分别为39.747、6.849和10.004mg/g,达到吸附平衡的时间为Pb2+＞Zn2+＞Cu2+.      

微波辅助氢氧化钠改性竹炭对水溶液中铜离子的吸附

以竹炭为原料,NaOH为改性药剂,采用微波辅助加热的方法对竹炭进行改性,并利用SEM、EDAX、BET、FTIR、pHzpc和Boehm滴定等方法对改性前后的竹炭进行表征.考察了溶液pH、吸附时间、温度和离子强度等对改性竹炭吸附Cu2+的影响.结果表明微波辅助NaOH改性提高了竹炭的比表面积,增加了其表面含氧官能团和总碱基的数量;改性竹炭吸附Cu2+的最佳pH值约为5,吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型,Langmuir吸附等温方程比Freundlich方程更适合描述Cu2+在改性竹炭上的吸附行为,吸附为放热的物理吸附过程.     

碱熔联合水热改性生物质电厂灰高效吸附多种重金属离子

以生物质电厂灰(biofuel ash, BFA)为原料,采用碱熔联合水热技术对BFA进行改性,制备地质聚合物-沸石复合材料,利用SEM、XRD、FTIR等技术对改性前后的BFA进行表征,并研究了改性BFA(MBFA)对Cd2+、Zn2+、Cu2+和Pb2+离子的吸附性能。结果表明:MBFA的比表面积、孔体积显著提高;拟一级和拟二级动力学模型均能较好地描述MBFA对Cd2+、Zn2+、Cu2+和Pb2+的吸附过程(R2>0.9375),说明同时存在物理、化学吸附;温度为298 K时,Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程对Cd2+、Zn2+、Cu2+吸附等温线均达到较好的拟合度(0.9223Cu2+>Cd2+>Zn2+。     

改性小麦秸秆吸附Cu2+的动力学和热力学研究

本研究采用ZnCl2作为活化剂,用640W功率的微波照射5min的方法制备改性小麦秸秆。研究了改性小麦秸秆投加量、吸附时间、温度、pH对改性小麦秸秆吸附水溶液中Cu2+的影响,以及对其等温吸附特征、动力学和热力学进行了研究。试验结果表明:投加量为0.1g,pH为6,改性小麦秸秆对Cu2+有较好的吸附效果,吸附在10h后达到平衡。改性小麦秸秆对Cu2+吸附较好地符合Langmuir、Freundlich温吸附模型和准二级动力学方程,吸附过程中△G0,说明属于自发反应。     

沸石分子筛的碱改性及其吸附去除水中铜离子

考察了市售ZSM-5沸石分子筛的碱改性及其吸附去除水中重金属离子Cu2+的效果。研究结果表明,碱改性可有效提高材料吸附容量,经0.40 mol/L氢氧化钠碱改性效果最好。以碱改性分子筛为研究对象,研究其吸附动力学及吸附等温过程,结果表明:吸附过程符合假二阶动力学模型;吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温模型,极限吸附容量达40.49 mg/g。考察投加量、干扰离子等影响因素对碱改性分子筛吸附去除Cu2+离子的影响,对于初始浓度50 mg/L的Cu2+离子,改性材料投加量为0.4~2.4 g/L时,吸附去除率随投加量的增大而增大;当投加量大于1.6 g/L时,对铜离子去除率均在97%以上。当干扰离子Na+、K+、Mg2+、Pb2+与Cu2+离子共存时,Pb2+的干扰影响最大,去除率由不加干扰离子时的98.3%下降至56.5%。此外,采用BET和XRD手段对改性前后的材料进行了表征,并对改性机理进行了探讨。     

H3BO3改性柠檬渣对Cu2+ Pb2+ Cr6+的吸附性能

为研究柠檬渣对Cu2+、Pb2+和Cr6+的吸附性能,利用10%的H₃BO₃对柠檬渣进行了改性,比较了改性前后柠檬渣对Cu2+、Pb2+和Cr6+的吸附效果,并利用差热分析（TG-DTA）、红外光谱（IR）、紫外光谱（UV）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱（EDS）对柠檬渣进行了表征.结果表明:改性后的柠檬渣对Cu2+、Pb2+和Cr6+的吸附率分别为预处理后柠檬渣的5.89、2.07和1.38倍;改性后柠檬渣的孔径为中孔,孔容增大了3.0倍,孔径和碘吸附值变化不大,灰分率减小了近4倍,比表面积增大超过了2倍.改性后的柠檬渣在近紫外区有最大吸收波长;改性和吸附Cu2+、Pb2+和Cr6+样品的TG和DTA曲线不完全相同;柠檬渣为非晶型结构,主要由C组成;吸附Cu2+、Pb2+、Cr6+后的改性柠檬渣均各自含有Cu、Pb、Cr元素,但形成的能谱（EDS）峰不高.研究显示,柠檬渣经10%的H₃BO₃改性后能显著提高对Cu2+和Pb2+的吸附性能,而对Cr6+的吸附性能影响不大.      

Adsorption characteristics of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium ions by tourmaline

The adsorption characteristics of heavy metals： Cu（Ⅱ）, Pb（Ⅱ）, Zn（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） ions on tourmaline were studied. Adsorption equilibrium was established. The adsorption isotherms of all the four metal ions followed well Langmuir equation. Tourmaline was found to remove heavy metal ions efficiently from aqueous solution with selectivity in the order of Pb（Ⅱ）〉Cu（Ⅱ）〉Cd（Ⅱ）〉Zn（Ⅱ）. The adsorption of metal ions by tourmaline increased with the initial concentration of metal ions increasing in the medium. Tourmaline could also increase pH value of metal solution.The maximum heavy metal ions adsorbed by tourmaline was found to be 78.86, 154.08, 67.25, and 66.67 mg/g for Cu（Ⅱ）, Pb（U）, Zn（Ⅱ） and Cd（U）, respectively. The temperature （25-55℃） had a small effect on the adsorption capacity of tourmaline. Competitive adsorption of Cu（Ⅱ）, Pb（Ⅱ）, Zn（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） ions was also studied. The adsorption capacity of tourmaline for single metal decreased in the order of Pb〉Cu〉Zn 〉Cd and inhibition dominance observed in two metal systems was Pb〉Cu, Pb〉Zn, Pb〉Cd, Cu〉Zn, Cu〉Cd, and Cd〉Zn.     

煤矿区废水中溶解性有机质与铜的结合特性

为研究煤矿区废水排放对环境中重金属化学行为的影响,通过荧光滴定实验,利用铜离子选择电极法和荧光猝灭法定量化研究了矿井水和生活污水中溶解性有机质对铜的结合行为.结果表明,铜离子选择性电极法能精确地定量化这2类废水中有机质对铜的结合容量,其中矿井水中有机质对铜具有较大的结合容量,可以达到163.9mg/g,而生活污水中有机质对铜的结合容量相对较小,只有72.6mg/g.荧光猝灭法结果表征了这2类废水中各个组分对铜的结合特性,其中矿井水中的富里酸(A峰)对铜具有较强的结合容量,而生活污水中的类蛋白组分对铜的结合能力相对较弱.2类废水与铜结合前后的红外光谱变化结果表明矿井水中腐殖酸物质与铜的结合是一种化学反应,其中的酚羟基和羧基等官能团参与了反应,但生活污水中类蛋白物质的官能团与铜并没有发生化学结合反应.     

Biosorption of Cu(II) on extracellular polymers from Bacillus sp. F19

Biosorption can be an effective process for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution on the extracellular polymers (EPS) from Bacillus sp. (named MBFF19) with respect to pH, incubation time,concentration of initial Cu(Ⅱ), and biosorbent dose was studied. Biosorption of Cu(Ⅱ) is highly pH dependent. The maximum uptake of Cu(Ⅱ) (89.62 mg/g) was obtained at pH 4.8. Biosorption equilibrium was established in approximately 10 min. The correlation coefficient of more than 0.90 turned out that the adsorption process of Cu(Ⅱ) on MBFF19 was in accordance with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The pseudo-first and second order models were applied to examine the kinetics of the adsorption, whereas the latter was found to be in harmony with the kinetic data better. Because of the outstanding uptake capacity of Cu(Ⅱ), MBFF19 produced by Bacillus sp. was proved to be an excellent biosorbent for removing Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions.     

Adsorption and desorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) in paddy soils cultivated for various years in the subtropical China

The adsorption and desorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) on upland red soil,and paddy soils which were originated from the upland soil and cultivated for 8,15,35 and 85 years,were investigated using the batch method.The study showed that the organic matter content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soils are important factors controlling the adsorption and desorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ).The 15-Year paddy soil had the highest adsorption capacity for Pb(Ⅱ),followed by the 35-Year paddy soil.Both the 35-Year paddy soil and 15-Year paddy soil adsorbed more Cu(Ⅱ) than the upland soil and other paddy soils.The 15-Year paddy soils exhibited the highest desorption percentage for both Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ).These results are consistent with the trend for the CEC of the soils tested.The high soil CEC contributes not only to the adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) but also to the electrostatic adsorption of the two heavy metals by the soils.Lower desorption percentages for Cu(Ⅱ) (36.7% to 42.2%) and Pb(Ⅱ) (50.4% to 57.9%) were observed for the 85-Year paddy soil.The highest content of organic matter in the soil was responsible for the low desorption percentages for the two metals because the formation of the complexes between the organic matter and the metals could increase the stability of the heavy metals in the soils.     

泉州湾滩涂沉积物对Cu（Ⅱ）的吸附实验

研究了Cu(Ⅱ)在泉州湾滩涂沉积物上的吸附行为。探讨了pH和温度对吸附作用的影响，测定了其吸附等温线。实验结果表明，常温下Cu(Ⅱ)在泉州湾滩涂沉积物上的吸附平衡时间约需3．5小时；吸附量随pH的升高先增大而后减少，pH=6．0左右时达最大；吸附量随温度的升高而增大；其吸附行为可以很好地用Langmuir型吸附等温线来描述。并在此基础上初步探讨了Cu(Ⅱ)在泉州湾滩涂沉积物上的吸附机理。     

泉州湾滩涂沉积物对Cu(II)的吸附实验

研究了Cu(II) 在泉州湾滩涂沉积物上的吸附行为。探讨了pH和温度对吸附作用的影响,测定了其吸附等温线。实验结果表明,常温下Cu(II) 在泉州湾滩涂沉积物上的吸附平衡时间约需3.5 小时;吸附量随pH的升高先增大而后减少,pH=6.0左右时达最大;吸附量随温度的升高而增大;其吸附行为可以很好地用Langmuir型吸附等温线来描述。并在此基础上初步探讨了Cu(II)在泉州湾滩涂沉积物上的吸附机理。     

Mechanism of Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption inhibition on biochar by its aging process

Biochar exposed in the environment may experience a series of surface changes, which is called biochar aging. In order to study the effects of biochar aging on Cu（Ⅱ） adsorption, we analyzed the surface properties before and after biochar aging with scanning electron microscopy（SEM） coupled to an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer（EDX） and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy（DRIFTS）, and then explored the influence of the aging process on Cu（Ⅱ） adsorption by batch experiments. After the aging process, the oxygen concentration, phenolic hydroxyl groups, aromatic ethers and other oxygen-containing functional groups on the biochar surface increased, while carboxyl groups slightly decreased. Thus, over a range of pH, the cation exchange capacity（CEC） and adsorption capacity of Cu（Ⅱ） on the aged biochar were smaller than those of new biochar,indicating that when biochar is incubated at constant temperature and water holding capacity in the dark, the aging process may inhibit Cu（Ⅱ） adsorption. Meanwhile, the dissociation characteristics of oxygen-containing functional groups changed through the aging process, which may be the mechanism by which the biochar aging process inhibits the Cu（Ⅱ） adsorption. Carboxyl groups became more easily dissociated at low pH（3.3–5.0）,and the variation of maximum adsorption capability（qm） of Cu（Ⅱ） on the old biochar was enlarged. Phenolic hydroxyl groups increased after the aging, making them and carboxyl groups more difficult to dissociate at high pH（5.0–6.8）, and the variation of qmof Cu（Ⅱ） on the aged biochar was reduced.     

竞争干扰对轮叶黑藻吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的影响

沉水植物处理低浓度重金属废水是一项清洁和廉价的技术.主要研究了不同初始浓度和pH条件下,轮叶黑藻鲜样在单一、二元和三元金属离子体系中对铅离子的生物吸附特征.在单一金属离子体系中,不同pH值条件下的实验结果表明,pH值在2.0～6.0间变化时,轮叶黑藻对铅的吸附能力随pH值升高而增强,当初始铅浓度为250 mg/L和pH...     

Tolerance and biosorption of copper （Cu） and lead （Pb） by filamentous fungi isolated from a freshwater ecosystem

Filamentous fungi are able to accumulate significant amount of metals from their environment. The potential of fungal biomass as agents for biosorption of heavy metals from contaminated sediments is currently receiving attention. In the present study, a total of 41 isolates of filamentous fungi obtained from the sediment of the Langat River, Selangor, Malaysia were screened for their tolerance and uptake capability of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb). The isolates were identified as Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, Trichoderma asperellum, Penicillium simplicissimum and P. janthinellum. A. niger and P. simplicissimum, were able to survive at 1000 mg/L of Cu(II) concentration on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) while for Pb, only A. niger survived at 5000 mg/L concentration. The results showed that A. niger, P. simplicissimum and T. asperellum have a better uptake capacity for Pb compared to Cu and the findings indicated promising biosorption of Cu and Pb by these filamentous fungi from aqueous solution. The present study was also determined the maximum removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) that was performed by A. niger. The metal removal which occurred at Cu(II) 200 mg/L was (20.910 0.581) mg/g and at 250 mg/L of Pb(II) was (54.046 0.328) mg/g.     

Adsorption of lead on multi-walled carbon nanotubes with different outer diameters and oxygen contents: Kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics

The effects of different outer diameters and surface oxygen contents on the adsorption of heavy metals onto six types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated in an aqueous solution and lead was chosen as a model metal ion. The results indicated that the percentage removal and adsorption capacity of lead remarkably increased with decreasing outer diameter due to larger specific surface area (SSA). The SSA-normalized maximum adsorption capacity (qm /SSA) and SSA-normalized adsorption coefficient (Kd /SSA) were strongly positively correlated with surface oxygen content, implying that lead adsorption onto MWCNTs significantly increases with the rise of oxygen content and decreases with decreasing SSA. The calculated thermodynamic parameters indicated that adsorption of lead on MWCNTs was endothermic and spontaneous. When the oxygen content of MWCNTs increased from 2.0% to 5.9%, the standard free energy (△ G0 ) became more negative, which implied that the oxygenated functional groups increased the adsorption affinity of MWCNTs for lead. Through calculation of enthalpy (△ H0 ), G0 and free energy of adsorption (Ea ), lead adsorption onto MWCNTs was recognized as a chemisorption process. The chemical interaction between lead and the phenolic groups of MWCNTs could be one of the main adsorption mechanisms due to highly positive correlations between the phenolic groups and K d /SSA or q m /SSA.