基于非稳态静电收尘理论的电除尘器运行参数的研究

为了进一步提高电除尘器的收尘效率,满足国家新的烟尘排放标准,依据研究建立的非稳态静电收集理论,提出了电除尘器供电电压及振打周期的优化措施.非稳态静电收尘理论研究与实验研究表明,收尘效率对供电电压存在一最大值,且此最佳供电电压是随极板沉积粉尘层比电阻、粉尘层厚度等动态变化的;振打周期的长短与粉尘层比电阻有关.据此提出的运行参数优化结果表明,对于比电阻不同的粉尘,电除尘器收尘效率最高时对应的供电电压随粉尘层比电阻的增大而降低,对于同一粉尘,最佳供电电压随粉尘层厚度的增长而提高;粉尘层比电阻低于1011Ω·cm时,一般保持极板粉尘层厚度在3～5 mm以内为佳,对于高比电阻粉尘应寻求适宜的清灰方式保障极板处于清洁状态.     

泛比电阻电除尘器收尘性能实验研究

泛比电阻电除尘器是一种具有辅助电极和交错平板收尘电极的新型电除尘器.通过对其伏安特性及除尘效率的试验研究,并与传统线板式静电除尘器进行比较,结果表明辅助电极对电晕电流具有明显的抑制作用,在相同的外加电压下,泛比电阻电除尘器对高比电阻锅炉飞灰的收尘效率比普通的线板式电除尘器明显要高.     

电除尘器比电阻软件测算研究与应用

为了进一步提高静电除尘器的收尘效率、降低能耗,对粉尘比电阻这一重要影响因素进行了研究。依据粉尘比电阻值定义,建立了收尘极板上粉尘层压降模型,提出了利用压降模型和伏安拟合特性曲线数学表征式来在线测算真实工况下粉尘层比电阻的实现方法。以480C型阳极板、RS芒刺阴极线极配形式进行了模拟验证实验,结果表明测算所得的比电阻数值与实际值相符。最后对现有电除尘控制系统中基于比电阻值的反馈控制方法做了简要介绍。     

收尘区脉冲供电对电除尘器收集性能的影响

建立了双区电除尘器实验模型,研究了预荷电压、不同供电方式下极板间距、电极型式对双区电除尘器收尘效果的影响.结果表明:随着预荷电压逐渐升高,除尘效率也随之增加,双区除尘效果明显优于单区的除尘效果.脉冲供电对电除尘器的除尘性能影响明显,与直流供电相比,脉冲供电对PM25的分级效率可提高16.9%;在较高的电压时,极板间距为...     

双区式电凝并技术对提高细微粉尘凝并效率的影响

为了进一步提高电凝并装置对细微粉尘的凝并效率,降低细微粉尘对人体的危害,设计一种由双极芒刺预荷电区和平行板收尘区组成的双区芒刺式电凝并装置,通过实验探究了安装双区芒刺预荷电装置、极配间距、外加电压3个凝并参数对细微粉尘凝并效率的影响。结果表明:当外加电压≤13 kV时,细微粉尘的凝并效率随外加电压的升高而增大,而当外加电压13 kV时,电凝并效率无明显提高;安装双极芒刺预荷电装置和缩短极配间距都可以有效提高细微粉尘凝并效率,当外加电压为13 kV时,极配间距由0.03 m缩短至0.02 m,各粒径粉尘的凝并效率均有10%以上的提高。根据实验结果可以得出,细微粉尘电凝并最优实验参数为安装双极芒刺预荷电装置、极配间距0.02 m、外加电压13 kV。以上研究结果可为电凝并技术的推广及工业应用提供参考。     

高风速复合式电收尘器的试验研究

应用"高风速"理论,将流体力学、电动力学、静电学有机结合设计出的高风速复合式电收尘器(HWSCESP)系统.试验以收尘效率作为收尘指标,以粉尘初始浓度、有效收尘面积、工作电压和系统风速为影响因素进行试验分析.结果表明,当粉尘初始浓度在45 g/m3,工作电压在47 kV,有效收尘面积为14.5 m2,系统风速为3.8 m/s时,收尘效率可达99.92%.从实验结果表明,HWSCESP是高效率、低成本的新型电收尘器.     

梳状电极法测定粉尘的比电阻

一、引言 在电除尘技术领域中的人们都知道,粉尘的比电阻是影响除尘器性能的主要因素之一.因此,准确而迅速地测定粉尘的比电阻,对于电除尘器的合理设计和可靠运行都是十分必要的.     

偶极荷电静电凝并除尘器收尘机理及性能研究

提出一种高效去除微细颗粒物的偶极荷电静电凝并除尘装置,其主要由凝并区和收尘区组成.对其凝并收尘机理进行了分析,并对收尘性能进行了实验研究.结果表明,偶极荷电静电凝并系数高于库仑凝并系数;偶极荷电静电凝并除尘器中颗粒的凝并效果好,且在相同的条件下,其对微细颗粒物的除尘效率明显高于普通静电除尘器.     

双区静电除尘器的除尘效率影响因素和理论公式研究

研究了预荷电压、烟气流速、极板间距和电极型式对双区静电除尘器除尘效率的影响,推导了双区静电除尘器的除尘效率理论公式,并与实验值和多依奇公式计算值进行了对比验证。结果表明,双区静电除尘器的除尘效果好于单区静电除尘器,其最佳工况是预荷电压25kV,烟气流速0.50m/s,极板间距400mm,采用芒刺电极。推导得到的双区静电除尘器的除尘效率理论公式不仅收尘电压较低时与实际情况相符,而且收尘电压较高时也与实际情况基本吻合,比多依奇公式更能反映双区静电除尘器的除尘效率。     

公路隧道空气颗粒物净化实验研究

研制了窄极距双区电除尘公路隧道空气颗粒物净化系统,研究了粉尘浓度、粉尘粒度、工作电压及电场风速等主要因素对其净化性能的影响。结果表明,该技术方案可行,颗粒物净化效率随粉尘浓度及电场风速增大而降低,随工作电压及粉尘粒径增高而提高。     

Fine particle removal performance of a two-stage wet electrostatic precipitator using a nonmetallic pre-charger

A novel two-stage wet electrostatic precipitator (ESP) has been developed using a carbon brush pre-charger and collection plates with a thin water film. The electrical and particle collection performance was evaluated for submicrometer particles smaller than 0.01- 0.5 micrometer in diameter by varying the voltages applied to the pre-charger and collection plates as well as the polarity of the voltage. The collection efficiency was compared with that calculated by the theoretical models. The long-term performances of the ESP with and without water films were also compared in tests using Japanese Industrial Standards dust. The experimental results show that the carbon brush pre-charger of the two-stage wet ESP had approximately 10% particle capture, while producing ozone concentrations of less than 30 ppb. The produced amounts of ozone are significantly lower than the current limits set by international agencies. The ESP also achieved a high collection rate performance, averaging 90% for ultrafine particles, as based on the particle number concentration at an average velocity of 1 m/sec corresponding to a residence time of 0.17 sec. Higher particle collection efficiency for the ESP can be achieved by increasing the voltages applied to the pre-charger and the collection plates. The decreased collection efficiency that occurred during dust loading without water films was completely avoided by forming a thin water film on the collection plates at a water flow rate of 6.5 L/min/m(2).     

The Trielectrode Electrostatic Precipitator for Collecting High Resistivity Dust

High resistivity dust is normally the major problem in electrostatic precipitation. Even though the corona current is only a fraction of a microampere per cm² the resulting RI drop exceeds the breakdown voltage gradient of the dust layer. This breakdown or sparking through the collected dust causes the familiar back corona and premature sparkover. The Trielectrode Electrostatic Precipitator (TEP) is an effort to make precipitator performance insensitive to dust resistivity. The TEP (U. S. Patent 3,915,672) is based on the concept that the layer of collected dust behaves like capacitance and resistance in parallel so that the corona can occur in short pulses and yet maintain a moderately constant current through the dust layer. In between corona pulses the precipitating field is supplied by a third set of electrodes. Initial bench scale tests using high resistivity particulate indicate that the concept is sound. Recent testing has extended the effective operating range of the TEP for particulate resistivities of 10¹⁰-10¹³ ohm-cm indicating that the TEP is essentially insensitive to particulate resistivity and can give a constant high collection efficiency regardless of the type of coal burned in a utility application.     

Purification characteristics of fine particulate matter treated by a self-flushing wet electrostatic precipitator equipped with a flexible electrode

A self-flushing wet electrostatic precipitator was developed to investigate the removal performance for fine particles. Flexible material (polypropylene, 840A) and carbon steel in the form of a spiked band were adopted as the collection plate and discharge electrode, respectively. The particle concentration, morphology, and trace-element content were measured by electric low-pressure impactor, scanning electron microscope, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, respectively, before and after the electrostatic precipitator. With increasing gas velocity, the collection efficiency of fine particles (up to 0.8 μm in diameter) increased, while it decreased for particles with diameters larger than 0.8 μm. Increasing the dust inlet concentration increased the collection efficiency up to a point, from which it then declined gradually with further increases in the inlet concentration. The particulate matter after the wet electrostatic precipitator showed different degrees of agglomeration. The collection efficiency of trace elements within PM₁₀ was less than that of the PM₁₀ itself. Notably, the water consumption in the current setup was significantly lower than for other treatment processes of comparable collection efficiencies.

Implications: Wet electrostatic precipitators, as fine filtration equipment, were generally applicable to coal-fired plants to reduce PM_2.5 emissions in China. However, high energy consumption and unstable operation, such as water usage and spray washing directly in the electric field, seriously restricted the further development. The utilization of self-flushing wet electrostatic precipitator can solve these problems to some extent.     

The Effective Collection of Fly Ash At Pulverized Coal-Fired Plants

The relationship between sulfur in coal, boiler exit gas temperature, and the carbon portion of fly ash have a major effect on the electrical properties of fly ash. Whether effective collection of fly ash is obtained by the electrostatic precipitator installation alone or the precipitator—mechanical combination depends primarily on a knowledge of this relationship. Fly ash electrical properties can range from a highly "resistive" to a highly "conductive" state which can appreciably alter the precipitator collection performance. A correlation of coal sulfur and boiler exit flue gas temperature is given to indicate the probability of expecting an optimum voltage—current relationship with different combinations of these factors. Carbon affects the electrical conditioning of fly ash by providing parallel paths of current leakage through the deposited dust layer. Therefore, removal of the carbon particles in a mechanical collector placed before the precipitator can alter the precipitator electrical characteristics.     

Use of membrane collectors in electrostatic precipitators.

Membrane collection surfaces, developed and patented by researchers at Ohio University, were used to replace steel plates in a dry electrostatic precipitator (ESP). Such replacement facilitates tension-based rapping, which shears the adhered particle layer from the collector surface more effectively than hammer-based rapping. Tests were performed to measure the collection efficiency of the membranes and to quantify the potential improvements of this novel cleaning technique with respect to re-entrainment. Results indicate that even semiconductor materials (e.g., carbon fibers) collect ash nearly as efficiently as steel plates, potentially indicating that collection surface resistivity is primarily dictated by the accumulated ash layer and not by the underlying plate conductivity. In addition, virtually all sheared particles separated from the collecting membranes fell within the boundary layer of the membrane, indicating extremely low potential for re-entrainment.     

Use of Membrane Collectors in Electrostatic Precipitators

ABSTRACT

Membrane collection surfaces, developed and patented by researchers at Ohio University, were used to replace steel plates in a dry electrostatic precipitator (ESP). Such replacement facilitates tension-based rapping, which shears the adhered particle layer from the collector surface more effectively than hammer-based rapping. Tests were performed to measure the collection efficiency of the membranes and to quantify the potential improvements of this novel cleaning technique with respect to re-entrainment. Results indicate that even semiconductor materials (e.g., carbon fibers) collect ash nearly as efficiently as steel plates, potentially indicating that collection surface resistivity is primarily dictated by the accumulated ash layer and not by the underlying plate conductivity. In addition, virtually all sheared particles separated from the collecting membranes fell within the boundary layer of the membrane, indicating extremely low potential for re-entrainment.     

烟气和粉尘性质对除尘效率影响的仿真研究

应用欧拉-拉格朗日多相流模型对影响电除尘器内部气流分布的烟气含尘浓度、烟气湿度、粉尘粒径及真密度等因素进行了数值仿真。分析了烟气和粉尘性质对除尘效率的影响。由于在仿真过程中考虑了烟气特性和粉尘性质等因素,不仅可获得各因素对气流分布均匀性的影响,而且仿真结果更能反映电除尘器气流分布的实际情况。提出的烟气和粉尘性质仿真方法可以为电除尘器除尘效率分析提供新的途径。