浅议环境风险评价与管理

论述了环境风险评价的有关基本概念,阐明了环境风险评价主要步骤。探讨了环境风险管理的内容与方法。并提出了一些建议。     

区域环评中产业定位调整建议的探讨

本文以山东省两个经济开发区区域环评为例，分析了各开发区在资源和环境方面的优劣势条件，论证了各开发区规划产业定位的合理性，探讨了开发区产业定位合理性评价的指标体系、调整原则、思路、方法，提出了各开发区产业定位的调整建议，并论证了调整后产业定位的合理性，促进了开发区的可持续发展。     

油页岩干馏炼油环境风险评价研究

以某油页岩干馏炼油项目为实例,进行了环境空气的定量环境风险评价,包括环境风险识别、源项分析、后果计算、风险计算和评价、风险管理等主要内容,提出了环境风险评价的重点,指出了环境风险评价与安全评价各自的侧重点,对后果计算的应用和物质风险识别采用的标准等方面提出了相应意见。     

环境风险评价构架的探讨

本文归纳并概括了国际上和我国环境风险评价的一般构架,从环境风险评价、安全评价、健康评价、生态评价、最大可信灾害事故及最大可接受水平等几个方面对我国环境风险评价一般构架进行了探讨,分析了我国环境风险评价构架中存在的问题,提出了进一步完善我国环境风险评价一般构架的方法,并辅以了案例分析。     

油气田储运工程环境风险评价浅析

以大庆油田南三油库建设工程为例,进行了环境风险评价,包括风险识别、源项分析、后果计算、风险计算和评价等内容,并对物质风险识别采用的标准和油气田储运工程环境风险评价重点提出了意见。该工程确定风险评价等级为一级,要从设计、建设和环境风险管理等各方面采取积极防护措施。     

环境风险评价简介

本文介绍了环境风险评价的内容，方法，现状及发展趋势，并着重介绍了该类评价中污染物对人体健康危害的评价方法。     

比较风险评价在环境风险管理中的应用

在环境风险管理中,需要针对不同的管理目标进行评估与排序,实现有限资源供给下的风险管理效率最大化提升。作为环境风险优先管理中的一个重要内容,比较风险评价是针对不同类型环境问题进行评估与排序的方法,它可以从宏观尺度上有效识别出各类环境问题的风险大小顺序,并有针对性进行管理优先级的设置。本文在对国内外比较风险评价研究进行系统梳理的基础上,分析其对我国环境风险管理的意义,提出我国在开展环境问题的比较风险评价、建立与完善环境风险管理工作优先级等方面的建议。     

污染场地再利用环境风险评价探讨

针对我国污染企业搬迁场地的风险特征、人体危害途径及环境风险评价存在的问题,从前期数据收集、毒性评价、暴露评价和风险表征4个方面探讨了污染场地健康风险评价的方法、步骤与内容;介绍了我国当前在污染场地风险评价中使用的法规与技术标准,归纳了环境风险评价存在的问题,提出了基于我国国情的场地风险评价研究建议。     

对煤化工行业的环境风险评价方法的解读

结合具体实例，按照《建设项目环境风险评价导则》要求，对煤化工行业环境风险评价中，环境风险的等级确定、风险识别、源项分析、后果计算、风险计算与评价、风险管理措施和应急预案的制定等评价方法进行了分析。     

开发区区域环评中规划布局的调整建议——以山东省某经济开发区环评为例

以山东省某经济开发区环评为例，分析开发区内各功能区布局的优劣势条件及其合理性，提出对开发区内各功能区布局的调整建议，探讨开发区功能区布局的评价指标体系、调整原则、思路、方法，提出该开发区功能区布局的调整方案，并对提出的调整方案进行综合对比，最终给出较为合理的功能区布局调整方案，促进开发区的可持续发展。     

毒害污染物生态风险评价模型研究进展

随着化学品的使用种类和数量日益增加,有毒有害污染物的生态效应逐渐受到重视.生态风险评价模型作为较好的科研和管理技术工具,被越来越广泛地用于扩散到环境中化学物质的生态风险评价中;欧美等发达国家和地区已经建立了多个生态风险评价的模型,并投入到实际应用中.本研究系统综述和总结了毒害污染物生态风险评价模型的构建方法、种类、结构以及特征,归纳了重金属和有机污染物等主要毒害物质的风险评价模型发展状况,比较了几种较为成熟的风险评价模型的具体模块和特点,分析了模型在生态风险评价中的应用以及不足之处,在总结我国生态风险评价模型的研究方向和趋势的基础上,提出模型研究和发展的具体建议.     

环境风险评价的实践与发展

环境风险评价（Environmental Risk Assessment ERA）是环境影响评价的一个重要分支,主要分析评价环境中的潜在危险。本文围绕开展ERA的必要怀、国内外ERA发展现状等方面进行了评述,在此基础上针对目前ERA工作中的不足提出了三点建议。     

Probe into the method of regional ecological risk assessment-a case study of wetland in the Yellow River Delta in China

Ecological risk assessment (ERA) is a new field of study for evaluating the risks associated with a possible eco-environmental hazard under uncertainty. Regional ERA is more complex than general ERA, as it requires that risk receptors, risk sources, risk exposure, uncertainty and especially spatial heterogeneity all be taken into account. In this paper, a five-step process of regional ERA is developed and tested through a wetland case study in the Yellow River Delta in China. First, indices and formulas are established for measuring degrees of ecological risk and damage to ecosystems. Using a combination of remote sensing data, historical records and survey data, and with the assistance of GIS techniques, the indices and formulas are then applied to the wetland in the study area. On the basis of the assessment results, we propose a number of countermeasures for the various risk zones in the Yellow River Delta.     

Perspectives of the Scientific Community on the Status of Ecological Risk Assessment

/ Views from a wide variety of practicing environmental professionals on the current status of ecological risk assessment (ERA) indicate consensus and divergence of opinion on the utility and practice of risk assessment. Central to the debate were the issues of whether ERA appropriately incorporates ecological and scientific principle into its conceptual paradigm. Advocates argue that ERA effectively does both, noting that much of the fault detractors find with the process has more to do with its practice than its purpose. Critics argue that failure to validate ERA predictions and the tendency to over-simplify ecological principles compromise the integrity of ERA and may lead to misleading advice on the appropriate responses to environmental problems. All authors felt that many improvements could be made, including validation, better definition of the ecological questions and boundaries of ERA, improved harmonization of selected methods, and improvements in the knowledge base. Despite identified deficiencies, most authors felt that ERA was a useful process undergoing evolutionary changes that will inevitably determine the range of environmental problems to which it can be appropriately applied. The views expressed give ERA a cautious vote of approval and highlight many of the critical strengths and weaknesses in one of our most important environmental assessment tools.KEY WORDS: Ecological risk assessment; Ecology; Probability     

Equivalent roaded area as a measure of cumulative effect of logging

A watershed disturbance index developed by the USDA Forest Service called equivalent roaded area (ERA) was used to assess the cumulative effect from forest management in California's Sierra Nevada and Klamath mountain ranges. The basins' ERA index increased as logging and road-building occurred and then decreased over time as management ceased and vegetation recovered. A refinement of the standard index emphasized disturbances in sensitive, near-channel areas, and evaluated recovery periods of 20, 30, and 50 years. Shorter recovery periods yielded better correlations between recovering forest systems and aquatic response than the longer recovery period, as represented by ERA and diversity or dominance, respectively. The refined ERA index correlated more closely with macroinvertebrate dominance and diversity information that was available for part of the study period. A minimum ERA threshold of 5% was detected, below which no effect to the macroinvertebrate community was observed. Above this threshold, elevated ERA values were associated with a decline in macroinvertebrate diversity and an increase in dominance of the top five taxa. Use of an ERA technique that emphasizes near-channel areas and biological thresholds would contribute to the Forest Service's implementation of ecosystem management.     

Application of environmental risk assessment for strategic decision-making in coastal areas: case studies in China

Environmental risk assessment (ERA) is a powerful technical tool for analyzing potential and extreme adverse environmental impacts, and has found wide application in supporting decision-making processes over the last two decades. However, to date there has been no interrelated application of ERA to support the processes of strategic decision-making (SDM), especially in coastal areas.

In this paper, we attempt to verify the feasibility of the proposed integrated ERA–SDM approach and its methodology by applying it to two case studies (in Xiamen Bay and Luoyuan Bay) of the principal coastal functional zoning (PCFZ, a kind of SDM and similar to the coastal and marine spatial planning in western). The results show that the integrated ERA–SDM approach could integrate ERA into the entire SDM process, directly support the PCFZ, and avoid or mitigate dire environmental risk that can be introduced by SDM processes.     

Quantifying natural resource injuries and ecological service reductions: challenges and opportunities

The natural resource damage assessment (NRDA) provisions of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and the Oil Pollution Act (OPA) are complex and have been difficult to implement. The complexity and difficulty in implementation arise both from the assessment procedures specified in agency NRDA guidance and from the limited ability of ecologists to quantify impacts of hazardous substances on natural resources. This paper explores the scientific aspects of NRDA implementation, and discusses conceptual and methodological relationships between NRDA and the much broader field of ecological risk assessment (ERA). We discuss three critical components of the NRDA assessment approach: measuring natural resource injuries and reductions in resource services; evaluating causality; and establishing baseline conditions. We identify (1) specific approaches drawn from ERA practice that could improve each of these components, and (2) research needs and institutional changes that may improve the ability of the NRDA process to achieve its stated objectives. We recommend the acceleration of the ongoing dialogue among NRDA practitioners from the Trustee and PRP communities as a first step toward resolving the procedural and technical deficiencies of the NRDA process.     

国外事件及事件旅游研究进展与启示

通过检索近年来的相关期刊，同时参考相关专著，从研究内容和研究方法两个方面分别进行分析，认为事件旅游的体验、动机、规划与管理、影响、模式与进程是当前事件旅游研究的主要内容，研究方法主要表现为结合具体案例的描述性分析和统计抽样分析。结果宏观地反映了近些年来国外事件旅游研究的现状，提出了事件旅游研究的未来趋势。     

浅谈环境监测数据的审核

阐述了环境监测数据审核程序与内容,对监测数据的审核方法进行了综述。