共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 72 毫秒
1.
厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonia oxidation, Anammox)技术作为可以实现高效脱氮的一种工艺,近些年广受大家关注。作为废水处理的升级技术,厌氧氨氧化细菌(anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, AnAOB)是厌氧氨氧化技术的核心菌种,其生长的最适温度(30~35℃)远高于我国大部分污水处理厂的运行水温,无法满足大规模的投入使用。为了使厌氧氨氧化技术得到广泛应用,文章对低温条件下厌氧氨氧化工艺的进展,无机物及有机物等对厌氧氨氧化细菌的影响以及厌氧氨氧化反应器的应用进展进行系统的论述;重点提出了通过优化厌氧氨氧化反应器、改变启动条件、投加有机物或无机物,从而缩短在低温条件下反应器的启动时间以及强化AnAOB的富集。以期为低温下高氨氮废水的工程处理提供技术参考。 相似文献
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采用常规化学分析和微生物群落变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)监测技术,探究了厌氧条件下活性污泥中Fe(Ⅲ)还原氨氧化(Feammox)反应的存在及微生物群落动态响应.结果表明,当反应器运行至第24 d时NH_4~+发生转化,同时检测到NO_3~-和Fe(Ⅱ)的生成,表明活性污泥中存在着Fe(Ⅲ)还原NH_4~+氧化反应,产物主要为NO_3~-和Fe(Ⅱ),并伴随少量N_2生成.经过84d培养,氨氮最大转化量达29.85 mg·L~(-1),转化率为59.7%,出水NO_3~-最高值达24.56 mg·L~(-1).活性污泥中Feammox为产酸过程,体系中p H值下降.整个培养过程中微生物群落条带分布发生变化,参与活性污泥中Feammox反应的部分群落在培养过程获得保留,部分优势菌群获得富集. 相似文献
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高效耐海水型厌氧氨氧化污泥的驯化 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
针对部分含海水废水生物脱氮效能较低的问题,研究了梯度盐度海水对淡水厌氧氨氧化污泥的驯化过程.考察了不同海水盐度对厌氧氨氧化反应动力学、厌氧氨氧化菌细胞形态和反应器中菌群变化的影响.结果表明,梯度盐度废水可以成功驯化淡水厌氧氨氧化污泥,通过145d的驯化,其总氮去除速率为2.80kgN/(m3·d).在海水盐度由0提高至10‰、20‰和30‰的过程中厌氧氨氧化反应速率经历了升高、降低、再升高的过程,其中,海水盐度20‰在淡水厌氧氨氧化污泥的驯化过程中是一个临界点.驯化后,厌氧氨氧化菌细胞结构更加不规则,并在细胞壁上出现了类菌毛状结构,经16S rDNA PCR扩增测序鉴定该优势厌氧氨氧化菌为“Candidatus Kuenenia Stuttgartiensis”.驯化前后反应器中细菌菌群也发生改变. 相似文献
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采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)方法研究了厌氧氨氧化污泥驯化过程中微生物遗传多样性的变化,并对接种物不同的3个反应器中的微生物作了聚类分析.在污泥驯化培养过程中,3个反应器内的微生物发生了较明显的遗传变异,以缺氧污泥接种的反应器中微生物在驯化过程中的Nei基因多样性指数和Shannon信息指数均较高,遗传变异较大.硝化污泥中存在与厌氧氨氧化细菌亲缘关系较近的菌种,更适宜作为接种物驯化培养厌氧氨氧化细菌.以好氧污泥作为种泥启动反应器,通过培养硝化污泥再转入厌氧氨氧化驯化,这种驯化途径优于以缺氧污泥和厌氧污泥启动反应器的途径. 相似文献
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UASB反应器中厌氧氨氧化污泥的种群分析 总被引:11,自引:3,他引:11
利用变性梯度凝胶电泳、克隆和实时PCR等分子生物学技术对2个厌氧氨氧化反应器中的微生物进行了初步研究.变性梯度凝胶电泳结果表明,尽管2个反应器的接种污泥不同,但经过1年多的连续运行,二者的微生物种群结构基本相同;Planctomycete克隆结果表明,相似的15个序列(>99%)与已报道的3个属的厌氧氨氧化菌的序列均有较大距离(<92%),而与具有厌氧氨氧化功能的KSU-1序列有97%的相似,amoA基因克隆结果表明,反应器中的部分好氧氨氧化菌属于β-Proteobacteria中具有厌氧氨氧化活性的Nitrosomonas;实时PCR结果表明,厌氧氨氧化细菌占细菌总量的27%~29%,好氧氨氧化菌约为5%. 相似文献
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采用厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)处理NH4+-N和NO2--N浓度分别为(25. 00±0. 40) mg·L~(-1)和(33. 00±0. 60) mg·L~(-1)的模拟废水,在温度为30℃时,投加乙酸钠控制COD浓度分别为5. 00、15. 00、30. 00和50. 00 mg·L~(-1),研究对厌氧氨氧化启动的影响.结果表明:①4种COD浓度下分别经过74、94、106和129 d均能成功启动厌氧氨氧化. COD浓度为15. 00 mg·L~(-1)和30. 00 mg·L~(-1)时,反应器脱氮性能较好,稳定运行后,平均出水NH4+-N浓度分别为1. 98 mg·L~(-1)和1. 89 mg·L~(-1),平均出水NO2--N浓度低于0. 62 mg·L~(-1),平均出水TN浓度分别为2. 37、2. 28 mg·L~(-1);②启动过程中反硝化对脱氮的平均贡献率逐渐降低至4. 78%、9. 59%、10. 21%和36. 50%,厌氧氨氧化对脱氮的平均贡献率逐渐上升至95. 22%、90. 41%、89. 79%和63. 50%;③厌氧氨氧化活性分别在第44、76、86和114 d时超过反硝化活性,最后分别达到0. 700、0. 690、0. 670和0. 510mg·(g·h)~(-1),反硝化活性分别为0. 110、0. 130、0. 240和0. 410 mg·(g·h)~(-1).该研究结果可为厌氧氨氧化技术在实际工程中的应用提供参考. 相似文献
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采用中试ASBR反应器(530 L),以逐步提高Cl~-浓度的方式考察了厌氧氨氧化菌(An AOB)处理高盐废水的脱氮特性.结果表明,采用逐步盐度驯化的方式,An AOB可适应高盐度(Cl~-浓度10 000 mg·L~(-1))环境进行高效脱氮(TN去除率高达92. 3%).其中,在Cl~-浓度6 000 mg·L~(-1)和10 000 mg·L~(-1)两个梯度内,反应器脱氮性能受到了较大影响,但随着驯化过程的持续进行可逐步恢复.修正的Boltzmann模型能较为准确地拟合An AOB受到不同盐度抑制后的活性恢复过程,相关系数R~2均在0. 96以上.得到的Cl~-浓度6 000 mg·L~(-1)和10 000 mg·L~(-1)时的恢复中间值tc分别为28. 765 d和44. 495 d,NRRmax分别为0. 145 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)和0. 212 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1),NRRmin分别为0. 021 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)和0. 085 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1).高盐度驯化后,厌氧氨氧化菌仍主要为Candidatus Brocadia和Candidatus Jettenia(其丰度分别是14. 76%和2. 7%),且污泥颗粒化程度和污泥密度均有不同程度的提高,污泥呈红褐色. 相似文献
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通过接种某城市污水处理厂好氧池生物膜,采用NH4+-N+NO2--N (SMBBR-1)和NH4+-N+NO3--N+HAc (SMBBR-2)两种进水基质启动厌氧氨氧化序批式移动床生物膜反应器(Sequencing Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor,SMBBR),研究不同基质条件下反应器的启动特性.结果表明,两反应器在运行100 d后均成功启动并稳定运行,在进水负荷分别为0.83和0.32 kg·m-3·d-1(以N计)的条件下,氮去除率分别达到81.82%±1.20%和66.35%±4.79%.活性测定结果显示,SMBBR-1和SMBBR-2中Anammox活性分别达到6448.32和1980.32 mg·m-2·d-1,表明Anammox菌被成功富集.高通量结果显示,SMBBR-1和SMBBR-2中启动成功后的Anammox菌由Ca.Brocadia和Ca.Jettenia组成,其中,Ca.Brocadia占比分别为11.02%和7.57%,Ca.Jettenia占比分别为2.07%和0.56%.除Anammox菌外,SMBBR-2中还包括Thauera(2.84%)和Flavobacterium菌(0.66%),其为部分反硝化菌的主导菌属.本研究表明,虽然两种不同基质的启动办法各有利弊,但其均能实现厌氧氨氧化SMBBR的启动,可为主流系统内的Anammox菌快速富集培养提供技术支撑. 相似文献
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堆肥化过程中微生物群落的动态 总被引:11,自引:5,他引:11
通过变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)和平板计数法对堆肥化过程中微生物的区系动态变化进行了研究.结果表明,在堆肥化过程中,微生物数量总的趋势是细菌的数量最多,放线菌次之,真菌的数量最少,中温微生物的数量始终高于高温微生物.当发酵结束后,中温微生物的数量低于发酵初始水平,高温放线菌和高温真菌的数量试验结束后高于初始水平,高温细菌的数量在整个堆肥化过程中变化不大.通过DGGE分析表明,发酵过程中细菌的种类发生了明显的更迭现象.发酵初期Bdellovibrio、Clostridia bacterium、Bacillus、Clostridium等占优势,中期Beta proteobacterium、Petrobacter succinimandens、Nitrospirae bacterium、Clostridium等占优势,后期Clostridium、Beta proteobacterium、Paenibacillus等占优势,而在整个堆肥化过程中Clostridium都是优势种. 相似文献
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To use the selective inhibition method for quantitative analysis of acetate metabolism in methanogenic systems,the responses of microbial communities and metabolic activities,which were involved in anaerobic degradation of acetate,to the addition of methyl fluoride(CH3F),2-bromoethanesulfonate(BES)and hydrogen were investigated in a thermophilic batch experiment.Both the methanogenic inhibitors,i.e.,CH3F and BES,showed their effectiveness on inhibiting CH4 production,whereas acetate metabolism other than acetoclastic methanogenesis was stimulated by BES,as reflected by the fluctuated acetate concentration.Syntrophic acetate oxidation was thermodynamically blocked by hydrogen(H2),while H2-utilizing reactions as hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis and homoacetogenesis were correspondingly promoted.Results of PCR-DGGE fingerprinting showed that,CH3F did not influence the microbial populations significantly.However,the BES and hydrogen notably altered the bacterial community structures and increased the diversity.BES gradually changed the methanogenic community structure by affecting the existence of different populations to different levels,whilst H2 greatly changed the abundance of different methanogenic populations,and induced growth of new species. 相似文献
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常温ANAMMOX工艺运行性能及功能菌研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过改变进水基质浓度,对以火山岩为填料的常温上向流厌氧氨氧化生物滤池在不同基质浓度下的脱氮性能进行了研究.借助显微镜、电镜(SEM)观察对滤池内的微生物形态进行了分析,利用变性凝胶电泳(DGGE)和克隆测序等微生物方法,对ANAMMOX种属进行了鉴定.试验结果表明,常温条件下,厌氧氨氧化滤池在高、低不同基质下都能够保持较高的脱氮效果,其中TN去除负荷最高能够达到2.99kgN/(m3×d),NH4+-N和NO2--N最高去除率分别能够达到99.4%和98.8%;显微镜、电镜观察显示:滤池下部的微生物种类更丰富,ANAMMOX菌在滤池的中部和上部的比例更高;16SrRNA克隆测序鉴定结果表明:滤池中的ANAMMOX菌为Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis,其对温度和基质浓度都有着较宽的适应性. 相似文献
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Dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) is an enzyme involved in the recycling of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), which is an obligate co-factor of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. DHPR deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the QDPR gene. DHPR-deficient patients are diagnosed by a lack of response to a low phenylalanine diet and by severe neurological symptoms. Final diagnosis is made by measurements of neurotransmitters and pterin metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine, in addition to DHPR enzyme activity, which can be assessed in whole red blood cells. Treatment of DHPR deficiency can be difficult and the outcome is not always satisfying, even if all treatment strategies are followed. Therefore prenatal diagnosis is of great importance in affected families. Prenatal diagnosis is possible by measuring DHPR activity in different cell types but this is time consuming. More than 25 different mutations have to date been identified in the QDPR gene and direct identification of a mutation in a fetus would be easy and rapid. We have developed a method based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) for the analysis of the QDPR gene. The method is useful for rapid and simultaneous scanning of all exons and flanking intronic sequences of the QDPR gene. We describe the first prenatal diagnosis conducted using this method. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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铁元素对硫酸盐还原过程的影响及微生物群落响应 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
采用常规化学分析和微生物群落变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)监测技术,探讨投加不同价态铁元素对硫酸盐还原过程的影响以及相应的微生物群落动态响应.结果表明,反应器启动后5d内硫酸盐去除率达到80%,在此过程中群落条带逐渐减少,但与已分离的硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)菌株一致的条带并没出现;Fe3+的投加极显著地改变了原有的高效群落结构,硫酸盐去除率降至20%,氧化还原电位(ORP)有所上升;而Fe2+和Fe0的投加未改变已经形成的顶极群落结构模式,也未显著降低硫酸盐去除率,仅硫化物的浓度变化对Fe2+的投加有短暂的响应. 相似文献
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采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术研究了农业废物堆肥过程中细菌种群随时间的变化.同时,应用Quantity One 2.0和Canoco 4.5软件对获得的堆肥细菌种群数据与堆肥过程因子:环境温度、堆体温度、pH、含水率、水溶性有机碳(WSC)、C/N、水溶性氨氮(NH4+-N)和硝氮(NO3--N)进行冗余分析,并做出样点、种群与堆肥过程因子的二维排序图.结果表明,细菌群落(样点)以堆肥过程因子为梯度大体可划分为升温期(1~2d)、高温期(3~11d)、降温期(12~18d)和腐熟期(19~36d)4个阶段,每一阶段均有对应种群存在.不同的堆肥过程因子对细菌种群的影响大小依次为:NO3--N>堆体温度>WSC>C/N>NH4+-N>含水率>pH>环境温度,其中,堆体温度、WSC、NO3--N、NH4+-N对细菌种群的影响极显著(p<0.01),C/N、pH对细菌种群的影响显著(p<0.05),含水率、环境温度对细菌种群的影响不显著. 相似文献
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对筛选到的一组纤维素分解菌复合系WSC-6,通过变性梯度胶电泳(DGGE)方法研究了菌种的组成稳定性.结果表明,在连续继代培养的第74~83代复合系的菌种组成没有变化,非常稳定.多代继代培养过程中各代的pH值变化趋势一致,pH值从发酵开始的8.7下降到纤维素旺盛分解时的6.5以下;随着分解结束,pH值逐渐恢复到发酵开始时的水平并保持稳定,具有较强的自我调节能力.多代继代培养后复合系各代的滤纸纤维素分解率和CMC糖化差异很小;在发酵液起始pH4~10的范围内,复合系对pH值具有缓冲能力,并正常分解纤维素;经过70~100℃高温处理10min后再转接的复合系对纤维素仍然具有分解能力,功能稳定. 相似文献
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Jia Lin Jiane Zuo Ruofan Ji Xiaojie Chen Fenglin Liu Kaijun Wang Yunfeng Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(7):1288-1294
A lab-scale continuously-stirred tank reactor (CSTR), used for anaerobic co-digestion of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) and food waste (FW) at different mixture ratios, was operated for 178 days at the organic loading rate of 3 kg VS (volatile solids)/(m3.day). The dynamics of the Archaeal community and the correlations between environmental variables and methanogenic community structure were analyzed by polymerase chain reactions - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and redundancy analysis (RDA), respectively. PCR-DGGE results demonstrated that the mixture ratio of FVW to FW altered the community composition of Archaea. As the FVW/FW ratio increased, Methanoculleus, Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina became the predominant methanogens in the community. Redundancy analysis results indicated that the shift of the methanogenic community was significantly correlated with the composition of acidogenic products and methane production yield. Different mixture ratios of substrates led to different compositions of intermediate metabolites, which may affect the methanogenic community. These results suggested that the analysis of microbial communities could be used to diagnose anaerobic processes. 相似文献
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Methamidophos was widely used a pesticide in northern China. The potential influences of methamidophos on soil fungal community in black soil were assessed by plate count, 28S rDNA-PCR-DGGE, and clone library analysis. Three methamidophos levels (50, 150, and 250 mg/kg) were tested in soil microcosms. Results from plate count during a 60-d microcosm experiment showed that high concentrations of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) could significantly stimulate fungal populations. DCGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) fingerprinting patterns showed a significant difference between the responses of culturable and total fungi communities under the stress of methamidophos. Shannon diversity indices calculated from DGGE profiles indicated that culturable fungi in all microcosms with methamidophos treatment increased after 1 week of incubation. However, the diversity indices of total fungi decreased in the first week, as compared to the stimulation of culturable fungi. At the 8th week, however, all the microcosms treated by methamidophos were similar to the control microcosms in community structure as suggested by the Shannon diversity indices for both culturable and total fungi. In contrast, after 1 week the fungal structure of culturable and unculturable both were disturbed to different extent under the stresses of methamidophos by clustering analysis. Clone sequencing analysis indicated the stimulation of pathogenic and unculturable fungal populations by methamidophos treatment, suggetsing potential risks of plant disease outbreak. 相似文献