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王伟 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2010,20(6):35-38
当前土地生态环境安全是土地资源可持续利用的基础。近年,由于经济快速发展以及土地的不合理利用与高强度开发,秦皇岛市海港区局部出现了水土流失、土地质量退化、土地污染等土地生态环境问题,导致土地生态平衡的失调,甚至出现经济发展与土地生态环境破坏的恶性循环。通过分析海港区的土地利用现状、自然生态特征等,在充分认识土地生态环境现状及存在的问题的基础上,提出采取管护与保育并重,以生态经济和生态环境建设为重点等土地生态环境保护与整治措施。 相似文献
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土地质量评价是对土地自然生产力大小的一种鉴定。鉴定指标的选择,关系到评价的结果。目前开展的县级土地质量评价,多数采用土地特性作鉴定指标,我们认为有一定片面性,因为土地特性之间存在着相互作用问题,应该把土地特性综合为土地质量因子,以此作为鉴定指标似乎比土地特性指标效果更好。 相似文献
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国土空间开发适宜性评价对合理开发国土空间、优化国土空间利用格局具有重要的科学指导价值。遵循陆海统筹原则,采用短板原理、线性加权求和法、空间叠加分析法,从自然环境适宜性、资源环境承载力两个方面构建适宜性评价指标体系,通过对经济社会统计数据、空间数据的处理叠加,对江苏省沿海城市南通、盐城、连云港国土空间开发适宜性进行评价与分析。研究结果表明,国土空间开发适宜性空间分异明显,江苏沿海地区不适宜、基本不适宜、基本适宜、适宜区域面积分别为14 710.37 km2、3376.18 km2、6776.30 km2、5695.64km2,分别占陆域国土总面积的46.76%、10.73%、21.54%、18.10%,各地级市外围区域保护与发展之间的矛盾较为突出。 相似文献
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资源环境与经济发展的矛盾日益突出,严格控制碳排放是增强可持续性发展的根本途径.研究参考已有文献,将碳平衡引入土地适宜性评价研究,分别从经济、生态、社会角度建立了基于碳平衡的城市圈土地适宜性评价指标体系,具体包括碳源适宜性评价和碳汇适宜性评价.运用基于蚁群算法的投影寻踪模型得到两类适宜性综合评价值.碳平衡适宜性评价结果显示,各城市适宜性差异显著,存在较大的区域内协调潜力.运用多目标规划模型在适宜性评价的基础上对城市圈的碳排放权进行优化配置.碳排放权配置研究可促进低碳经济发展,是生态文明建设的目标之一,对城市圈可持续发展具有重要的指导意义. 相似文献
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农用土地适宜性评价方法及其实践 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文创造性地将模糊评价法与综合评判方法有机结合在一起,形成了独特的土了适宜性评价方法,并根据土地使用的多向性与广泛性,创立了土地适宜性评价的指标体系,即土地利用多向适宜性系怀广泛适宜性指数,在实践应用中收到了良好的效果。 相似文献
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城市土地地质经济评价是根据城市建设中存在着土地利用与地质环境不协调的矛盾,以及制定土地价格时忽略地质环境因素而提出的新概念。文章论述了该评价的基本思路、类型、指标体系、模型和方法.并以厦门海沧开发区土地利用适宜性地质经济评价为例,简述了该评价理论和方法的重大实践意义。 相似文献
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基于GIS的关中地区人居环境自然适宜性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
选取地形、气候、水文、植被等自然因子,建立1km×1km栅格单元的人居环境基础数据库,构建了基于人居环境指数的关中地区人居环境自然适宜性评价模型.并采用GIS技术定量评价了关中地区的人居环境自然适宜性,揭示了关中地区人居环境的自然格局与地域特征.研究表明,关中地区人居环境指数整体呈现由南向北递减趋势,人居环境指数可综合反映区域人居环境的自然适宜程度,关中地区人口明显集中分布于人居环境适宜程度较高的地区.评价结果显示,关中地区人居环境一般适宜区和比较适宜区面积最大,约5.5489×104km2,接近全区总面积的99.98%,相应人口约为2294.95万人,占全区总人口的99.98%;人居环境临界适宜地区8km2,占全区总面积的0.02%,相应人口2200人,零星分布在陇县西北的黄土高原地区;关中地区人居环境高度适宜地区面积3km2,人口1400人,由于适宜度高、面积小,导致人口密度最大,达467人/km2. 相似文献
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Land Evaluation for Maize Based on Fuzzy Set and Interpolation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The objective of this article is to apply fuzzy set and interpolation techniques for land suitability evaluation for maize in Northern Ghana. Land suitability indices were computed at point observations using the Semantic Import (SI) model, whereas spatial interpolation was carried out by block kriging. Interpolated land suitability shows a high correlation (R2 = 0.87) with observed maize yield at the village level. This indicates that land suitability is closely related to maize yield in the study area. Membership functions were further used to assess the degree of limitation of land characteristics to maize. Sixty percent of the data has membership functions ranging from 0.23 for ECEC to 1.00 for drainage. ECEC, organic C, and clay are the major constraints to maize yield. The use of the fuzzy technique is helpful for land suitability evaluation, especially in applications in which subtle differences in soil quality are of a major interest. Furthermore, the use of kriging that exploits spatial variability of data is useful in producing continuous land suitability maps and in estimating uncertainties associated with predicted land suitability indices. 相似文献
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A land suitability model was developed to provide the planner with a quantitative tool for assessing the environmental limitations on proposed land-use changes in the area surrounding Lake Monroe in southern Indiana. The model incorporates a weighting procedure that allows the environmental evaluation of a decision to convert the present land use to another category. The data base for the model was assembled by a multidisciplinary team. A case study is included, which illustrates the advantages and limitations of the land suitability model as it is applied to the evaluation of a site for the Alumni Family Camp. 相似文献
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利用遥感影像获取研究区土地利用类型,并运用GIS空间分析功能,分析了影响开发区规划用地生态适宜性的7个因子,并以此对生态适宜性进行综合评价,得到了定量化的评价结果,为区域规划奠定了基础。 相似文献
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A Conceptual Model for Defining and Assessing Land Management Units Using a Fuzzy Modeling Approach in GIS Environment 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Appropriate land management decisions are important for current and future use of the land to ensure its sustainability. This
requires that land management units (LMUs) be specified to enable the identification of specific parameters employed in decision
making processes. This paper presents the development of a conceptual model, within geographic information systems (GIS),
for defining and assessing LMUs from available biophysical information. The model consists of two main components (sub-models):
land quality-based suitability analysis and soil erosion estimation. Using a fuzzy set methodology, the first sub-model was
constructed to derive a land suitability index (LSI) for a cropping land utilization type. The LSI thus highlights the suitability
grades of every pixel in the study area on a continuous basis. A sub-model of soil erosion was established based on the Revised
Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) utilising the same spatial data bases employed for structuring the LSI. Using a soil
loss tolerance principle, a fuzzy membership function of average annual soil loss (called soil loss index, SLI) was established,
leading to compatibility between LSI and SLI for data integration. LMUs were then derived from various combinations of LSI
and SLI. The methodology developed shows the significance of the model for refining available land suitability evaluation
systems, which take no account of expected land degradation (from erosion) due to a nominated land use. It also provides a
valuable guideline for cost-effective GIS applications in the identification and assessment of homogeneous land units, using
available spatial information sets, at a finer scale. 相似文献
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Hope C. Humphries Patrick S. Bourgeron Keith M. Reynolds 《Environmental management》2010,46(2):225-236
The availability of spatially continuous data layers can have a strong impact on selection of land units for conservation
purposes. The suitability of ecological conditions for sustaining the targets of conservation is an important consideration
in evaluating candidate conservation sites. We constructed two fuzzy logic-based knowledge bases to determine the conservation
suitability of land units in the interior Columbia River basin using NetWeaver software in the Ecosystem Management Decision
Support application framework. Our objective was to assess the sensitivity of suitability ratings, derived from evaluating
the knowledge bases, to fuzzy logic function parameters and to the removal of data layers (land use condition, road density,
disturbance regime change index, vegetation change index, land unit size, cover type size, and cover type change index). The
amount and geographic distribution of suitable land polygons was most strongly altered by the removal of land use condition,
road density, and land polygon size. Removal of land use condition changed suitability primarily on private or intensively-used
public land. Removal of either road density or land polygon size most strongly affected suitability on higher-elevation US
Forest Service land containing small-area biophysical environments. Data layers with the greatest influence differed in rank
between the two knowledge bases. Our results reinforce the importance of including both biophysical and socio-economic attributes
to determine the suitability of land units for conservation. The sensitivity tests provided information about knowledge base
structuring and parameterization as well as prioritization for future data needs. 相似文献
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Trevor H. Booth 《Environmental management》1986,10(3):351-358
The Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) land evaluation methodology provides a procedure for assessing the suitability of land units within a study area for different land uses. This article describes the use of theLuplan computerized land-use planning package to provide an explicit means to select the land use for each land unit which best satisfies defined policies. The use of the package is demonstrated in a study that allocated multiple use activities within a native forest. 相似文献