江苏省城乡结合部土地资源利用状况与对策

城乡结合部是城市向农村的过渡带。由于其独特的经济地理位置，使这一地带的土地资源呈现出协同效应、恢复原状机会少、抗干扰能力低、边界变化速度快等生态脆弱性特征。由于人们长期不合理的开发活动，导致了结合部内土地资源数量锐减、质量下降、污染严重、投入减少、地面沉降等生态环境变异。迫使我们采取切实有效的措施，解决日趋严重的城乡结合部土地资源危机。     

城乡结合部土地利用预警研究

在总结前人对城乡结合部土地利用预警研究工作内容的基础上，依据预警的理论分析了城乡结合部土地利用变化，对其运行机制进行了研究，通过城乡结合部土地利用变化的动态监测，建立了城乡结合部土地利用的预警监控体系，以保证土地政策的实施达到预期效果。     

试论加强城乡结合部的环境保护

随着我国城市化进程的不断加快，城乡结合部经济、社会飞速发展。在发展过程中，城乡结合部环境污染和资源破坏问题日益突出，为此，必须完善城乡结合部环境保护立法和执法，切实做好环境规划工作，实现环境保护与经济、社会的协调发展。     

合肥市城乡边缘带土地利用研究

简要分析了合肥市城乡边缘带土地的开发利用现状及存在问题,如农业用地和非农业用地矛盾突出,耕地资源迅速减少,土地浪费和污染现象严重等。针对合肥市城乡边缘带土地利用存在的问题,提出了相应的对策和措施:集约利用土地,实现土地的可持续利用;明确土地权属,综合整治环境污染;合理规划土地利用,加强土地执法监督;控制人口流量,严格保护耕地;科学制定城市土地利用规划,期望以此促进合肥市城乡边缘带土地的可持续利用。     

基于喀什市新农村建设的土地资源优化配置研究

土地资源优化配置是新农村建设过程中面临的重要问题。文章从土地资源优化配置的基本内涵入手,探讨土地资源优化配置与新农村建设的关系;阐述了喀什市土地资源利用现状及存在问题;提出要制定科学的土地利用总体规划和新村规划。创新投入机制,加大投入力度,合理配置农业土地类型,尝试土地流转,集约节约用地,建设农村中心村,统筹土地利用,探索城乡一体化发展新模式。通过优化喀什市土地资源配置,确保新农村高效、迅速发展。     

秦皇岛市海港区土地生态环境保护和整治

当前土地生态环境安全是土地资源可持续利用的基础。近年,由于经济快速发展以及土地的不合理利用与高强度开发,秦皇岛市海港区局部出现了水土流失、土地质量退化、土地污染等土地生态环境问题,导致土地生态平衡的失调,甚至出现经济发展与土地生态环境破坏的恶性循环。通过分析海港区的土地利用现状、自然生态特征等,在充分认识土地生态环境现状及存在的问题的基础上,提出采取管护与保育并重,以生态经济和生态环境建设为重点等土地生态环境保护与整治措施。     

城乡用地结构与布局优化研究——以黄山市为例

优化城乡用地结构与布局是实施统筹城乡发展、建立和谐社会的重要内容。选取黄山市城乡用地为研究对象,从数量、布局等方面分析了城乡建设用地现状及存在的问题,提出相应的优化城乡建议和对策,为新农村建设和土地利用总体规划的修编提供参考。     

中国城市土地市场有效性的实证研究

将有效市场假说应用于我国城市土地市场中,利用全国土地交易价格指数,采用序列相关检验、游程检验和方差比检验3种方法分别对我国城市土地市场的弱式有效性进行了实证检验,一致得出我国城市土地市场尚未达到弱式有效的结论.提出了对策建议:①营造公平、公开、公正的土地市场环境,发挥市场在配置土地资源方面的基础性作用.②打破对一级土地市场的垄断,构建城乡一体化的土地市场.③构建完善的土地市场指数系统,强化信息基础平台建设.     

城乡一体化背景下的闲置土地处置问题——对《闲置土地处置办法》的分析思考

在我国快速推进城市化和城乡一体化的过程中,土地资源日益紧缺．闲置土地的规范化处理在建设用地的整个制度体系中日益重要。十三年来首次修订的《闲置土地处置办法》在管理体制与制度技术上均有相当程度的改进,同时这一新办法也存在一定的制度隐忧。为此,新办法需要进一步注重处置规范体系梳理,健全土地管理制度．加强执行落实。     

论土地资源的永续利用

土地资源是最重要的自然资源,而土地资源的永续利用是实现社会、经济和生态可持续发展的基础。本文分析了土地资源永续利用的重要性,讨论了土地永续利用的概念、内涵、判据、利用方向和模式等内容,并在此基础上提出了实现我国土地资源永续利用的生态经济措施。     

北京市城乡交错带土地利用调控对策

城乡交错带是城市扩展和农村发展的前沿,也是统筹城乡关系的重点地区.选择北京市城乡交错带为研究区域,以调查统计、变更调查和实地调查资料为基础,采用统计分析和综合的方法,认为北京市城乡交错带20世纪80年代以来土地利用变化具有以城市发展为主、国家建设占用和点轴面的外延扩展方式的特点,从而导致交错带的生态屏障功能日益受到蚕食,合理的用地功能布局和用地效益受到影响.建议采取加强城乡一体化编制土地利用总体规划、调整结构和优化布局等调控措施.     

太湖一级保护区水污染成因及控制对策研究

江苏省太湖流域一级保护区综合整治是治理太湖的重点工作,直接关系太湖湖体水环境质量。本文对一级保护区存在的污染问题进行全面分析,提出了严格控制建设用地规模、调整工业结构、优化城乡布局、调整人口结构等减小生态压力的途径,通过提高城镇污水处理能力、加快城镇管网建设、实施污水处理厂脱氮除磷提标改造、推进中水回用和污泥安全处置、完善城镇及乡村垃圾收运系统、治理内源污染等方法进行综合整治,为全面治理太湖水污染提供理论依据。     

Utilization Characteristics and Importance of Woody Biomass Resources on the Rural-Urban Fringe in Botswana

This article examines the utilization characteristics and importance of woody biomass resources in the rural-urban fringe zones of Botswana. In the literature for Africa, attention has been given to the availability and utilization of biomass in either urban or rural environments, but the rural-urban fringe has been neglected. Within southern Africa, this neglect is not justified; the rural-urban fringe, not getting the full benefits available in urban environments in Botswana, has developed problems in woody biomass availability and utilization that require close attention. In this article, socioeconomic data on the importance of woody biomass in the Batlokwa Tribal Territory, on the rural-urban fringe of Gaborone, Botswana, were collected together with ecologic data that reveal the utilization characteristics and potential for regrowth of woody biomass. The analysis of these results show that local woody biomass is very important in the daily lives of communities in the rural-urban fringe zones and that there is a high level of harvesting. However, there is no effort in planning land use in the tribal territory to either conserve this resource or provide alternatives to its utilization. The future of woody biomass resources in Botswana’s rural-urban fringe is uncertain. The investigators recommend that a comprehensive policy for the development of the rural-urban fringe consider the importance of this resource. The neglect of this resource will have far-reaching implications on the livelihoods of residents as well as the environment in this zone.     

耕地保护面临的形势及其对策研究

通过运用SWOT分析法，对我国城乡生态经济交错区农地保护的外部环境的机会与威胁、内部环境的优势与劣势进行了战略分析，其目的在于寻找新形势下农地保护的正确战略决策，以解决我国吃饭与建设的矛盾，实现土地资源的可持续利用。通过研究得出：农地保护面临着严峻的国内外形势，政府应该扬长避短，积极应对。     

Land Surface Phenology and Land Surface Temperature Changes Along an Urban–Rural Gradient in Yangtze River Delta, China

Using SPOT/VGT NDVI time series images (2002–2009) and MODIS/LST images (2002–2009) smoothed by a Savitzky–Golay filter, the land surface phenology (LSP) and land surface temperature (LST), respectively, are extracted for six cities in the Yangtze River Delta, China, including Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Changzhou, Wuxi, and Suzhou. The trends of the averaged LSP and LST are analyzed, and the relationship between these values is revealed along the urban–rural gradient. The results show that urbanization advances the start of the growing season, postpones the end of the growing season, prolongs the growing season length (GSL), and reduces the difference between maximal NDVI and minimal NDVI in a year (NDVI_amp). More obvious changes occur in surface vegetation phenology as the urbanized area is approached. The LST drops monotonously and logarithmically along the urban–rural gradient. Urbanization generally affects the LSP of the surrounding vegetation within 6 km to the urban edge. Except for GSL, the difference in the LSP between urban and rural areas has a significant logarithmic relationship with the distance to the urban edge. In addition, there is a very strong linear relationship between the LSP and the LST along the urban–rural gradient, especially within 6 km to the urban edge. The correlations between LSP and gross domestic product and population density reveal that human activities have considerable influence on the land surface vegetation growth.     

德州市耕地资源态势演变的驱动力分析

耕地资源数量与质量动态变化是农区经济与社会的可持续发展的决定性因素,特别是随着农业生态环境的不断恶化,各种不定因素导致耕地数量不断减少,保护和利用好耕地资源显得尤为重要。以地处黄河下游的德州市为背景,分析了其耕地资源现状特点、耕地资源开发利用中存在的问题,采用灰色关联分析方法,找出区域耕地资源态势演变的驱动因素,并对耕地资源供需趋势和保证程度做出预测。     

Urban Sprawl and Rural Landscapes: perceptions of landscape as amenity in Portland, Oregon

In the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan region, an urban growth boundary (UGB) was established in 1979 to protect farm and forest lands from urban encroachment. Most of the literature on the impact of Oregon's land-use legislation has been on the urban side of the issue--primarily the relative success Portland has had in containing urban sprawl. The landscape component of this rural transformation is typically considered only as a passive backdrop to urban expansion. Portland provides an excellent site to examine the relationship city-dwellers have to nearby agricultural areas. Rapid urban growth in the 1990s pushed suburban development to the edge of the UGB creating stark contrasts between urban and rural land uses in parts of the metropolitan area. This study examines the impact of the UGB on rural landscape change in Portland. We combine findings from land-use analysis and surveys of urban and rural residents to suggest ways to merge the amenity values of landscape with planning policy regarding the UGB.     

The impact of land use and land cover changes on land surface temperature in a karst area of China

Satellite images have been used extensively to study temporal changes in land use and land cover (LULC) in China. However, few studies have been conducted in the karst areas despite the large area and population involved and the fragile ecosystem. In this study, LULC changes were examined in part of Guizhou Province of southern China from 1991 to 2001 based on Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images of November 7, 1991, December 5, 1994, and December 19, 2001. Land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were computed based on LULC types. The results show that agricultural land decreased, while urban areas expanded dramatically, and forest land increased slightly. Barren land increased from 1991 to 1994, and then decreased from 1994 to 2001. These changes in LULC widened the temperature difference between the urban and the rural areas. The change in LST was mainly associated with changes in construction materials in the urban area and in vegetation abundance both in the urban and rural areas. Vegetation had a dual function in the temperatures of different LULC types. While it could ease the warming trend in the urban or built-up areas, it helped to keep other lands warmer in the cold weather. The study also reveals that due to the government's efforts on reforestation, rural ecosystems in some of the study area were being restored. The time required for the karst ecosystem to recover was shorter than previously thought.     

济南市农村居民点用地分析及节约利用对策

随着城市化水平的提高以及城市规模的扩大，耕地日趋减少，城市用地需求量不断增加，用地矛盾加剧。通过对济南市农村居民点用地现状分析，指出了农村居民点用地存在的问题，土地利用程度低、土地资源浪费是农村居民点用地普遍存在的现象。在当前建设节约型社会的形势下，从提高土地利用程度等方面提出了节约用地的措施，指出平原地区是今后土地利用的重点；采取合理的经济措施，是解决农村居民点用地流转的新途径。     

Urban Sprawl and Rural Landscapes: Perceptions of landscape as amenity in Portland,Oregon

In the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan region, an urban growth boundary (UGB) was established in 1979 to protect farm and forest lands from urban encroachment. Most of the literature on the impact of Oregon's land-use legislation has been on the urban side of the issue—primarily the relative success Portland has had in containing urban sprawl. The landscape component of this rural transformation is typically considered only as a passive backdrop to urban expansion. Portland provides an excellent site to examine the relationship city-dwellers have to nearby agricultural areas. Rapid urban growth in the 1990s pushed suburban development to the edge of the UGB creating stark contrasts between urban and rural land uses in parts of the metropolitan area. This study examines the impact of the UGB on rural landscape change in Portland. We combine findings from land-use analysis and surveys of urban and rural residents to suggest ways to merge the amenity values of landscape with planning policy regarding the UGB.