一株纤维素分解茵利用枳实废渣产酶条件的研究

以枳实废渣为碳源，对产纤维素酶G2茵进行固体发酵，通过测定FPA、CMC、C1酶活的大小，对其产酶条件进行优化研究。结果表明产酶最适条件为：枳实在发酵前需进行酸处理；氮源为硫酸铵；含水率为70％；初始pH为5～6；发酵周期为6天。在以上最适条件下，G2菌酶活力为FPA：31．8IU／ml，CMC：11．86IU／ml，C1：15．79IU／ml。     

天然硅藻土作为吸附材料处理渗滤液的效果研究

利用天然硅藻土在静态条件下对垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮和COD的吸附效果进行了研究。结果表明：天然硅藻土对于氨氮的去除效率只有14．1％；但对COD的去除效率可以达到70．1％；天然硅藻土对于COD的饱和吸附量和吸附速度明显高于其对氨氮的饱和吸附量及吸附速度；在平衡浓度相当高的情况下，每克硅藻土具有吸附65．31mg COD的极限潜力。     

市政污泥亚临界湿式氧化原位低碳处置技术

文章提出了一种基于亚临界湿式氧化处置市政污泥的原位低碳技术。该技术可在污水处理厂内直接对剩余污泥进行减量与资源化利用，省去了污泥脱水、干化、外运、储存、焚烧外加助燃料的处置过程，大幅减少了碳排放。同时，该技术可以将污泥中有机质转化为可利用的碳源，回用于污水处理过程，可以将氮、磷从污泥中回收后作为肥料利用，从污泥中分离出固体残渣作为土壤改良剂使用，具有工艺流程短、占地面积小、无需后续处置过程和污泥资源化价值高的优势，是在“双碳”目标下的一种具有竞争力的市政污泥处置新方式，具有广阔的应用前景和良好的可持续发展潜力。     

无花果曲霉菌丝球对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色研究

生物吸附法是染料废水处理中很有前途的一种方法。本文将培养的无花果曲霉菌丝球用于蒽醌染料活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色，研究了培养时间、温度、转速、pH值及盐浓度、不同碳源、不同氮源对菌丝球脱色的影响；比较了活菌与死菌的脱色效果；探讨了菌丝球重复利用对脱色率的影响。结果表明：培养时间为72h，温度为33℃，转速为150rpm，pH值为6．0，盐浓度为0.5％，以乳糖为碳源、硝酸钠为氮源时，菌丝球对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色效果最好：活菌对染料的吸附性能比死菌好；菌丝球在重复利用了四次后，脱色率仍达85．7％。     

铬渣作水泥矿化剂的经济及环境效应分析

铬渣的处理利用一直是铬盐行业和固体污染物处理的难点，本文介绍了用铬渣作水泥矿化剂处理铬渣这种新方法的原理，并进行了经济和环境效应分析，结果表明用铬渣作水泥矿化剂确实是一种很好的处理铬渣的方法。     

四川燃煤电厂对周围土壤的辐射影响

燃煤电厂对环境与人群所产生的辐射影响早已引起了国内外学者的关注。本文通过对四川省境内重庆、河门口、江油等燃煤电厂烟尘中天然放射性水平的分析，估算出由烟尘沉降所造成周围土壤中天然放射性本底的年增加量不到０．１％，这说明由烟尘沉降每年对土壤所产生的辐射影响是较小的；然而由于沉降的放射性在相当长的时期内存在于土壤的表层，因此随电厂运转时间的增加，其所产生的辐射影响就必须引起重视了；本文通过对电厂周围表层与深层土中天然放射性水平的比较与分析说明，燃煤电厂的长期运转有可能使周围表层土壤中天然放射性本底增加。     

利用气象卫星资料监测天山北坡中段天然草场牧草产量

将１９８９年－１９９１年在天山北城不同类型草场观测的牧草产量与光普资料及同步接收的ＮＯ ＡＡ／Ａ ＶＨ ＲＲ资料进行分析。结果表明：天然草场光普植被指数随太阳高度角的上升而降低；随牧草产量的增加而增加；不同年份的光谱植被指数值不同。天然草场牧草产量与各种植被指数和存在显著相关；牧草干重与鲜重与气象卫星比值植被指数的相关系数达０．７５９７和０．８０６６；建立牧草产量卫星遥感监测模型，可用于天然草场牧     

银杏叶资源的开发利用

银杏叶资源的开发利用吴荭银杏（Ｇｉ，；ｈｏｂｉｏｌａｂａ）又名白果、公孙树，为裸子植物亚门银杏纲、银杏科单种属植物。该树为我国东部特有，现有天然分布仅见于浙江天目山及鄂西神龙架，１９８４年被正式列入国家二级保护植物。银杏树具有挺拔、深洒的树势和千年不...     

变频式微电脑水处理器在油田污水防垢杀菌中的技术应用

对江苏油田王龙庄污水处理站结垢机理及影响因素进行了分析研究,找出了目前防垢杀菌措施存在的不足。在此基础上,对引进变频式微电脑水处理器的先导性试验结果进行了分析。监测结果表明,其阻垢率达到83.3%以上。该处理器不仅具有很好的防垢、除垢功能,还具有很好的杀菌作用。处理后的污水中固体含量、颗粒总数、含油量、TGB、铁细菌等均有较大幅度的下降,同时还大幅度减少了药剂成本、维修费用等,投入产出比为1∶7,取得了较好的经济效益。     

仿野生发菜的生产工艺研究

文章报道了以价廉的植物性资源(淀粉等)原料为主料、海藻酸钠为固型剂，添加蛋白质等食品添加剂，通过一定的工艺过程可制作仿野生发菜。最佳的生产工艺条件是：W海藻酸钠：W蛋白质：W淀粉=2：1：1，水与固体原料之和的重量比为16～20：1，制浆液的温度在70℃左右，出丝的温度在50℃以上，以叶绿素类色素与天然的红色素如高梁红色素一起调配，可得外观形态、颜色、营养价值、口感与天然野生发菜相接近的仿生发菜产品。该工艺投资小，生产成本低，可进行大规模工业化生产。     

CAST分段进水强化脱氮工艺特性研究

CAST分段进水强化脱氮工艺技术采用优化运行时序、调整充水比等方法,在污废水处理中利用原水中的有机物作为反硝化碳源,具有较好的脱氮性能,在节省外加碳源投加量的基础上,不仅保持了传统CAST工艺的优点,强化了脱氮效果,并且在系统启动时间、抗冲击能力、污泥负荷承担能力和节能降耗方面也均优于水厂传统的CAST系统,值得大范围推广应用。     

Effects of flooding and drought on water quality in Gulf Coastal Plain streams in Georgia

Since 1994, water-quality constituents have been measured monthly in three adjacent Coastal Plain watersheds in southwestern Georgia. During 1994, rainfall was 650 mm above annual average and the highest flows on record were observed. From November 1998 through November 2000, 19 months had below average rainfall. Lowest flows on record were observed during the summer of 2000. The watersheds are human-dominated with row-crop agriculture and managed forestlands being the major land uses. However, one watershed (Chickasawhatchee Creek) had 10 to 13% less agriculture and greater wetland area, especially along the stream. Suspended particles, dissolved organic carbon, NH4-N, and soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations were greater during wet and flood periods compared with dry and drought periods for each stream. Regional hydrologic conditions had little effect on NO3-N or dissolved inorganic carbon. Chickasawhatchee Creek had significantly lower suspended sediment and NO3-N concentrations and greater organic and inorganic carbon concentrations, reflecting greater wetland area and stronger connection to a regional aquifer system. Even though substantial human land use occurred within all watersheds, water quality was generally good and can be attributed to low stream drainage density and relatively intact floodplain forests. Low drainage density minimizes surface run-off into streams. Floodplain forests reduce nonpoint-source pollutants through biological and physical absorption. In addition to preserving water quality, floodplain forests provide important ecological functions through the export of nutrients and organic carbon to streams. Extreme low flows may be disruptive to aquatic life due to both the lack of water and to the scarcity of biologically important materials originating from floodplain forests.     

Magnetic composite prepared from palm shell-based carbon and application for recovery of residual oil from POME

Magnetic separation combined with adsorption by activated carbon has been found to be a useful method for removing pollutants. In this paper, the use of palm shell as a source of activated carbon for the removal and recovery of oil from palm oil mill effluent (POME) is studied. In the first part of the study, the properties of samples of activated carbon prepared from palm shell under a variety of different conditions were characterized for their hydrophobicity, surface areas and pore size distribution. The most effective of the activated carbon samples was prepared by impregnation with ZnCl(2) followed by combined physical/chemical activation under carbon dioxide flow at 800 °C. Four grams of these samples adsorbed 90% of the oil from 50 mL POME. In the second part, the palm shell-based carbon samples were given magnetic properties by the technique of iron oxide deposition. Ninety-four percent of the activated carbon/iron oxide composite containing the adsorbed oil could be extracted from the POME by a magnetic bar of 0.15 T. Four grams of the composite can remove 85% of oil from 50 mL POME and a total of 67% of the initial oil can then be recovered by hexane extraction. Powder X-ray diffractometry showed the presence of magnetite and maghemite in the activated carbon/iron oxide composite.     

毛细管气相色谱法测定大气中的苯系物

大口径毛细管气相色谱法测定大气中的苯系物，采用活性炭吸附，二硫化碳解析，30m×0．53mm×0．88μmHP-1型大口径毛细管分离测定，苯的最低检出限为0．18ng。该方法分离效果好，灵敏度高，是测定大气中苯系物的理想方法。     

乌鲁木齐黑碳气溶胶浓度时间变化特征及影响因素分析

利用乌鲁木齐市环境空气超级站中MAAP-5012型黑碳仪对乌鲁木齐市黑碳气溶胶进行连续一年的监测,并结合乌鲁木齐环境空气质量城市站小时数据和日数据及气象数据对黑碳气溶胶变化情况进行综合分析。结果表明:2019年6月至2020年5月乌鲁木齐黑碳气溶胶浓度日均值为1 506(±1 096) ng/m~3,本底值为575 ng/m~3,与国内主要城市相比黑碳浓度相对较低;污染最严重的冬季黑碳浓度为2 414(±1 325) ng/m~3,本底值为825 ng/m~3,较十年前浓度下降明显。乌鲁木齐市黑碳气溶胶浓度随季节变化差异大,冬季>秋季>夏季>春季,24小时昼夜变化整体呈现"夜高昼低"和不典型的"双峰双谷"特征,"周末效应"特征显著。相关性分析结果表明:乌鲁木齐黑碳气溶胶与NO_2、CO的Pearson相关性系数均超过0.8,一元线性拟合度均超过0.7,黑碳气溶胶与环境空气中的污染物NO_2、CO具有高度的同源性。虽然气象因素中温度、湿度、风速与黑碳的Pearson相关性及一元线性拟合效果不佳,但气象因素仍是影响黑碳气溶胶浓度重要因素。     

表面活性剂促进污泥产酸及用于生物除磷的研究进展

表面活性剂可以提高污泥发酵产生的挥发性脂肪酸的产量。经过污泥水解发酵产生的挥发性脂肪酸,既能作为生物除磷系统所需的优质碳源,使城市污水达到稳定深度除磷的要求,又减少了剩余污泥对环境的污染。将城市污水厂污泥生物转化为挥发性有机酸并用于生物除磷,丰富了污水生物处理和污泥处理与资源化等研究内容。     

秦皇岛市商业低碳化研究

2001—2010年秦皇岛市商业行业碳排放量分析结果显示，秦皇岛商业行业碳排放不论从总量还是排放强度均呈现增加趋势。通过剖析商业低碳化的制约因素，对秦皇岛市商业低碳化发展提出了相关建议：商业企业应积极进行内部治理，控制商业建筑的碳排放并合理选择供应商；发挥政府的主导作用，为低碳商业的发展提供良好的外部环境；合理规划商业产业与商业网点布局，积极引导、促进商业领域低碳技术的使用和发展；建立低碳商业发展专项资金，为中小型商业企业提供资金支持；加强对低碳消费的引导力度。     

改造碳黑废水处理设施使废水循环使用

介绍碳黑废水处理工艺流程的技术改造及其技术要点。着重阐述了关键设备斜管沉淀池的运行原理、运行结果及其在整个流程改造过程中所起的作用。改造后的工艺流程特点是斜管沉淀效率高，出水水质好，副产品碳黑质优销路好，劳动强度低，废水可循环使用，设备占地少，运行费用低，总体效益好。改造后实现了全厂生产用水闭路循环，取得了可观的经济、环境、社会效益。废水循环利用在技术上是可行的，经济上有收益，实现了废水及固体废物的资源化。     

Trihalomethane reactivity of water- and sodium hydroxide-extractable organic carbon fractions from peat soils

Certain organic carbon moieties in drinking source waters of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta can react with chlorine during disinfection to form potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic trihalomethanes. The properties of reactive organic carbon in Delta waters, particularly those of soil origin, have been poorly understood. This study attempts to characterize trihalomethane reactivity of soil organic carbon from three representative Delta peat soils. Soil organic carbon was extracted from all three soils with either deionized H2O or 0.1 M NaOH and sequentially separated into humic acids, fulvic acids, and nonhumic substances for quantitation of trihalomethane formation potential. Water-extractable organic carbon represented only 0.4 to 0.7% of total soil organic carbon, whereas NaOH extracted 38 to 51% of total soil organic carbon. The sizes and specific trihalomethane formation potential (STHMFP) of individual organic carbon fractions differed with extractants. Fulvic acids were the largest fraction in H2O-extractable organic carbon, whereas humic acids were the largest fraction in NaOH-extractable organic carbon. Among the fractions derived from H2O-extractable carbon, fulvic acids had the greatest specific ultraviolet absorbance and STHMFP and had the majority of reactive organic carbon. Among the fractions from NaOH-extractable organic carbon, humic acids and fulvic acids had similar STHMFP and, thus, were equally reactive. Humic acids were associated with the majority of trihalomethane reactivity of NaOH-extractable organic carbon. The nonhumic substances were less reactive than either humic acids or fulvic acids regardless of extractants. Specific ultraviolet absorbance was not a good predictor of trihalomethane reactivity of organic carbon fractions separated from the soils.     

污水处理过程中的恶臭控制

由于城市日趋扩张,城市污水处理厂由原来的郊区相对转移到市内,污水厂的臭气对环境的影响逐渐暴露出来.从污水处理厂臭气的成分、来源部位和处理技术角度分析,其中化学吸收法和活性炭吸附法效果好但运行费用较大,可将其和生物技术结合,天然植物液喷洒法占地小、投资少、处理效果好比较适合大风量低浓度处理厂的臭气治理.