曲阜地区资源土壤动物调查初报

本文报导了曲阜地区资源土壤动物现状，根据其经济用途，将它们分为食用土壤动物、药用土壤动物、天敌土壤动物和环境指示土壤动物的四大类，并论述了资源土壤动物的开发利用与保护。     

水基钻井固废分类资源化处置利用浅论

基于中国石油西南油气田目前水基钻井固废均送当地制砖厂处置利用存在的处置费用高、潜在 安全环保风险大的问题，在简要分析西南油气田水基钻井固废的产生量、来源、特性、组成性质等基础上，提出了依据不同水基钻井液体系对钻井固废进行分类的方法，并重点论述了气体水基钻井固废、聚合物钻井液体系 固废、磺化钻井液体系固废３种水基钻井液体系所产生固废的污染物性质，相应的资源化处置利用方法第1优选分别为：直接/生物处理土壤利用、生物处理土壤利用、制烧结砖/生物处理土壤利用等，提出了相关结论建议，对油气勘探钻井环保决策管理和研究具有一定参考价值。     

四川东部沱江乡茎瘤芥产地的地球化学特征

通过对四川省东部沱江乡茎瘤芥产区土壤的地球化学特征研究和茎瘤芥产区的土壤测试分析，并将其与全国土壤背景值比较，摸清了茎瘤芥产区土壤的元素本底特征。沱江乡茎瘤芥产区土壤Zn、Fe、Mn、Mg、K、B、P元素含量高于全国土壤平均含量，有益元素Mo、Ca、Si、Se均比全国平均值低，重金属Cr、Hg、Cd、Pb含量比全国平均值高，As元素含量则低于全国平均值水平，产区土壤中存在的Cd元素超出国家环境质量一级标准，但符合二级土壤质量标准，其他元素符合绿色蔬菜产地环境标准。     

土壤镉污染调查研究

本文阐述了重金属镉对植物和人体危害的机理，描述了土壤镉的主要来源，并开展了城郊及矿山周围土壤镉污染现状调查。调查结果提醒人们提高土壤质量意识，重视土壤镉污染并进行土壤修复，保护生态环境、实现农业的可持续发展。     

青海大通脑山区退耕还林还草地土壤质量演变的初步研究

文章选取青海大通县脑山区退耕还林还草典型土壤类型（山地棕褐土），进行标准地调查及标准剖面采样，以空间代替时间序列的方式，利用主成分分析（PCA）等多元统计方法来定量化比较不同退耕年限（0、5、10、15、20、25、30a）的综合土壤质量指数，揭示退耕还林后不同退耕年限对土壤质量演变的影响。结果显示随退耕年限的增长，土壤质量指数均呈增长趋势，其过程基本分为4个阶段：①退耕初期（退耕5a），林分幼林期，为土壤质量指数相对增长期；②退耕中期（退耕5—20a），针阔叶林林分速生期，为土壤质量指数大幅度升高并达到峰值期；③退耕中后期（20-25a），林分相对稳定期，林分郁闭度增大，土壤质量指数略显呈下降；④退耕后期（退耕〉25a），林分进入自疏期，土壤质量指数略有升高并渐趋于稳定。     

几种核素在土壤—生物—人体间的积累和转移

本文对Ｕ，Ｋ，＾１３７Ｃｓ，＾９０Ｓｒ等几种核素在土壤－水稻，土壤－茶叶，土壤－蔬菜之间以及水－鱼间的转移情况进行了研究；并考虑到这些核素含量较高的食品（如茶叶、黄豆）不直接全部食入人体，因此，根据人们的饮茶习惯及豆制品（水豆腐）的加工过程进行模拟，对其向人体转移的参数进行了实验研究。由上述实验结果给出了转移参数及相关方程。     

重金属污染土壤修复技术综述

土壤重金属污染是当前重要的世界性环境问题之一。随着重金属污染土壤场地日渐增多，如何安全有效地修复并利用这些受污染的土壤已成为我国急需解决的环境和社会问题。本文介绍了重金属污染土壤常用修复技术的原理、优缺点，并重点介绍了土壤淋洗修复技术，对目前淋洗剂的应用情况、作用机制进行了评价。     

油田含聚污水悬浮固体测定影响因素及方法改进

大庆油田含聚采出污水悬浮固体测定采用单滤膜过滤法，存在过滤时间长、测定结果偏高的问题。通过室内模拟实验，分析了残留聚合物含量及聚合物分子量对悬浮固体测定结果的影响，并对悬浮固体测 定方法进行了改进，提出经过高速剪切或H2O2处理或双滤膜法过滤后的污水，悬浮固体测定时间缩短，测定结果准确性更高。     

马铃薯产地重金属含量检测及污染评价

用原子吸收光谱法测定了古浪县良种场马铃薯生产基地土壤的铅（Pb）、铬（Cr）、汞（Hg）、砷（As）和镉（Ca）含量，并参照国家颁布的土壤质量标准（绿色食品产地环境条件NY/T11391-2000和无公害蔬菜产地环境技术条件NY5010-2002）对其重金属污染做出了评价。结果表明：良种场马铃薯生产基地土壤均在2级以上，适宜发展无公害马铃薯生产；但在此地上发展绿色食品马铃薯生产，则必须采取汞污染治理措施，降低土壤的汞含量，待达标后方可。     

抗盐聚合物含油污水沉降分离特性研究

大庆油田开发后期为了进一步提高聚驱后驱油效果并实现降本增效经济开发,利用含油污水再 配制注入聚合物母液进行污水的资源化再利用,在此过程中,为解决因含油污水中离子成分影响致使配制聚合 物母液黏损大的实际问题,进行了抗盐聚合物作为驱油剂的先导试验和推广应用,部分区块由于抗盐聚合物分子量和分子结构的差异,导致采出液及其脱出水的基本性质和沉降分离特性也发生了较大变化。文章通过对前期室内模拟配制抗盐聚合物含油污水,以及后期实施抗盐聚合物驱油先导试验实际采出的抗盐聚合物驱采出水,进行油水沉降分离特性的研究得出：抗盐聚合物对采出水的油水沉降分离影响较大,相比聚合物驱含油污水处理难度大,其沉降时间应大于720min,才能确保油水沉降分离后的水中含油量小于100mg/L。     

Different formats of imprinted polymers for determining organotin compounds in environmental samples

Organotin compounds and their degradation products enter the environment mainly as a result of their use as biocides and antifouling paints. Analysis of these compounds in environmental samples has to be very sensitive and selective so that their concentrations corresponding to the low environmental target values can also be detected. Generally, analysis of a complex matrix leads to high interferences during the different process steps; clean-up procedures are recommended to overcome this problem. For the past many years, solid phase extraction by employing imprinted materials has been extensively used for many organic substances that are used for pre-concentration and clean-up purposes with excellent results. Here, we present three different imprinted polymers prepared via bulk, precipitation, and emulsion polymerization methods that use similar compositions. The synthesized polymer particles were characterized morphologically by employing scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. Binding properties were calculated using the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm. Depending on the properties of the materials, different analytical applications for complex matrices are proposed. These applications are mainly used on tributyltin and its degradation products for environmental analysis.     

Picloram and napropamide sorption as affected by polymer addition and salt concentration

Polymer application to soil is a growing practice to improve soil physical properties and reduce soil erosion. Polymer addition can potentially influence herbicide and pesticide sorption in soil. The one-point distribution coefficient Kd values of two herbicides in the absence and presence of each of 10 polymers (7 polyacrylamides and 3 polysaccharides) were determined by the batch equilibrium method. The results showed that nonionic napropamide [2-(alpha-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethyl propionamide] sorption was essentially unaffected by the presence of any of the polymers. The influence of polymers on anionic picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) sorption depends on the charge characteristics of polymers and salt concentrations in the solution. Electrostatic interaction and competition for sorption sites are two primary underlying mechanisms for the polymer influence. At low salt concentration, the increased picloram sorption in the presence of both cationic and anionic polymers was attributed to different electrostatic interactions and polymer partitioning between soil and solution phases. At high salt levels, the presence of polymers had either no influence or a slightly negative influence on the picloram sorption, which was attributed to competition for sorption sites. In field conditions, it is more likely that polymers have no or a slightly negative influence on herbicide sorption due to the presence of salts.     

生物降解高分子材料的研究现状及应用前景

目前,处理高分子材料的一些传统方法,如焚烧法、掩埋法、熔融共混挤出法、回收利用等都存在一定的缺陷和局限性,给环境保护带来严重的困难。因此,开发环境可接受的降解性高分子材料是解决环境污染的重要途径。生物降解高分子是指通过自然界或添加的微生物的化学作用,将高分子物质分解成小分子化合物,再进入自然的循环过程。论述了生物降解高分子材料的研究现状,并对生物降解高分子材料的降解机理、影响因素及其在医学、农业、包装业和其他领域的潜在应用前景进行了探讨。     

环境损害鉴定评估领域难点探讨

近年来,随着原环境保护部《关于开展环境污染损害鉴定评估工作的若干意见》以及中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革方案》的陆续发布,环境损害鉴定评估已经成为环境科学、技术经济、环境法、环境经济等相关学科领域的研究热点。本文对环境损害鉴定评估的环境损害调查、环境损害基线确定、环境损害因果关系判定、环境价值评估等所面临的难点进行了探讨,提出了初步解决思路,以期为环境损害鉴定评估的政策制定者和鉴定评估人员提供参考。     

秦皇岛港环境发展战略研究

秦皇岛港环境保护在经营理念、管理机制、治理技术、资金保障等方面具有优势，而在港口规划、环境考核、环境信息管理、绿色理念等方面还存在问题。针对秦皇岛港环境保护的优势和劣势，通过SWOT分析，确定秦皇岛港环境发展战略思路，从制定环境规划、开展清洁生产审核、建立环境绩效考核评估机制、建立环境信息报告制度、开发环境管理信息系统、发展港口绿色物流等方面，提出实现港口环境发展战略的实施对策。     

Evaluation of some organic-based biopolymers as green inhibitors for calcium sulfate scales

This study focused on using scale inhibitors for calcium sulfate that are not only highly effective, but also comply with present restrictive environmental control legislations. In this respect, some biodegradable compounds-based biopolymers, such as carboxymethyl starch (CMS), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and chitosan (Ch), were evaluated at temperatures 90–95 and 130°C. The results obtained were compared with the performance of polyaspartic acid (PAA), which is well known in this application, as well as other chelating synthetic polymers (polyacrylamide and amphoteric polyacrylamide). The role of the degree of substitution (DS) of carboxymethylated biopolymer and the charge density of polyacrylamide (AmPAM-30 and AmPAM-50) on inhibition performance of scale were also examined. The synergistic effect of PAA with investigated inhibitors was studied for economic and environmental purposes. The results revealed that both the degree of substitution of carboxymethylated biopolymers and charge density of polyacrylamide have a profound effect on improving the performance of the investigated scale inhibitors. The efficiency values were correlated to the thermal degradation behavior (TGA) of biopolymers. PAA had the highest synergistic effect of all investigated inhibitors, where the inhibition efficiency was found to range from 98% to 100%, at a temperature of 130°C, with low doses of both PAA (2 ppm) together with biopolymers. This efficiency is observed using 20–40 ppm of PAA. The synergistic effect of PAA (2 ppm) also showed enhancement of the performance of low doses of polyacrylamides (5 ppm) in maintaining soluble Ca²⁺ in solutions, increasing the efficiency from ∼57% to ∼100%, as well as its ecotoxicological property.     

Current Levels and Management of Solid Wastes in Nigeria

Solid waste is of serious concern in developing countries because of its high rate of generation and the low‐end quality of its management. Inefficient handling of solid wastes may result in deterioration of environmental quality, but it can also result in loss of potential resources. This study reviews current solid waste generation and management in Nigeria and the need for an effective collection, recovery, and recycling policy. Our review is based on literature searches and personal field surveys. Observations showed that uncontrolled electronic waste (e‐waste), agricultural‐waste (agro‐waste), scrap metals, waste polymers, and waste from the transportation sector are prevalent in Nigeria. Recent collection rates were less than 50% of the total solid waste generated (i.e., approximately 40% was collected). With an effective collection system and appropriate policies, the abundance of solid waste in the country could present material recovery and recycling opportunities that would boost the economy and move Nigeria closer to sustainable resource management.     

Improving public access to environmental information in China

Providing public access to environmental information is a relatively new approach to environmental management that can improve the quality of environmental decision-making and pollution control. China is currently exploring ways to disclose this environmental information, and has found that many aspects of providing environmental information need to be improved. In particular, work still needs to be done to strengthen the laws and regulations that govern public access to environmental information, to expand environmental disclosure among enterprises, to increase disclosure of environmental information in rural areas and enforce the collection of this information, and to investigate and manage environmental information. In this paper, we review the current situation in China, discuss the problems related to this situation, and present recommendations for improvement.     

论新时期的环境新闻宣传工作

近年来,环境问题变得更加复杂,环境新闻宣传作为环保工作对外的窗口仍停留在固有的模式,面临着环境形势严峻、信息传播迅猛发展等诸多挑战。从新闻制度、舆论引导、宣传平台、网络舆情和环境突发事件等方面提出了新时期环境新闻宣传工作的对策建议。     

Polystyrene/wood composites and hydrophobic wood coatings from water-based hydrophilic-hydrophobic block copolymers

The combination of synthetic thermoplastic polymers and wood is normally problematic because wood surfaces are hydrophilic while typical thermoplastic polymers are hydrophobic. A possible solution is to use block copolymer coupling agents. In this work we show the use of a potentially useful synthetic method of producing hydrophilic-hydrophobic block copolymers as hydrophobic coatings and coupling agents in polystyrene/wood flour composites. In particular, wood veneers are coated with water-based emulsions of hydrophilic-hydrophobic block copolymers from styrene and methacrylic acid. Dried coated surfaces are shown to become hydrophobic through dynamic contact angle measurements. When wood flour is coated with the hydrophilic-hydrophobic block copolymer based on styrene and acrylic acid, significant improvement in the ultimate tensile properties of composites formed from coated wood flour/polystyrene mixtures is realized. Since no volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are used in coating wood surfaces and subsequent composite production, improvement in mechanical properties of thermoplastic/wood flour composites are shown to occur in environmentally responsible formulations.