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有机污染物的光催化降解过程中的分析技术进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对有机物的光催化降解动力学研究,降解产物的鉴定、定量检测等过程中所使用的一些分析技术和手段,尤其是在有机物的光降解机理研究中经自由基的检测技术和方法进行了综述。 相似文献
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超声波处理废水有机污染物的机理及应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综合介绍了超声波降解水体中有机物技术的国内外研究现状,包括超声空化机理,声化学反应器类型,有机物降解的影响因素.并探讨了这种工艺的研究方向与应用前景. 相似文献
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《环境工程学报》2016,(11)
利用黄孢原毛平革菌和绿色木霉混合培养降解稻草秸秆,使用顶空固相微萃取气质联用的方法研究了降解过程中产生的挥发性有机物,并对混合培养中同一平板上不同区域产生的挥发性有机物进行了比较。纯培养和混合培养中挥发性有机物的对比研究表明,两株菌的混合培养较其纯培养有更强地降解稻草的能力。在混合培养过程中检测到C15H24的两种同分异构体,分别属于双环倍半水芹烯和环己二烯类物质,均是倍半萜烯,证实了黄孢原毛平革菌和绿色木霉混合培养时的拮抗机制。同时发现环己二烯类物质仅在混合培养中的混合区域检测到,表明混合培养中混合区域较之非混合区域具有更强的竞争表现,分区域检测降解过程中挥发性有机物能更好地研究混合接种的降解机理。 相似文献
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预处理对城市固体有机垃圾厌氧发酵的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对近年来城市固体有机垃圾厌氧消化的各种预处理技术和发展趋势进行了综合分析和评述.研究认为,通过预处理能够改善城市固体有机物的物化性质,提高微生物对难降解有机物的降解,优化垃圾的厌氧消化过程. 相似文献
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氯代有机物是一类在生产和生活中广泛应用并被大量排放到环境中的难降解有机污染物质,一旦进入生态环境,就会在水体、土壤和底质中长期残留,并在食物链中不断积累、富集,从而对生物体产生危害。因此,对受这类难降解有机物污染的环境修复是目前所迫切需要解决的环境问题之一。基于物理和化学修复方法成本较高易造成二次污染,文中探讨了国内外生物修复技术的研究进展,并对难降解氯代有机物污染环境修复的研究方向进行了展望,由于环境中的污染物质复杂多变,联合生物修复技术将成为未来的研究热点。 相似文献
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《环境工程学报》2016,(6)
厌氧-跌水充氧接触氧化-人工湿地组合工艺是一种新型的污水处理工艺,为优化该工艺在实际工程应用中的参数设计,通过分析研究其工艺流程及有机物降解机理,在借鉴和参考污水处理领域数学模型相关研究的基础上,构建了有机物降解数学模型。结果表明,有机物在不同条件下进行降解时,水温、DO浓度等各种影响因素互相干扰,降解机理复杂。基于人工神经网络的反向传播算法,以COD的初始浓度、DO、温度为输入层,以有机物降解速率常数为输出层,建立确定有机物降解速率常数的神经网络模型,并仿真多因素同时变化时降解速率常数的动力学趋势。验证结果表明,建立的有机物降解模型能够对该工艺的污水处理效果即出水水质进行较好的模拟预测。 相似文献
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三维荧光区域积分评估城市污水中溶解性有机物去除 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
以三维荧光技术为手段,结合荧光区域积分和聚类分析,考察某城市污水厂污水处理过程中溶解性有机物的去除状况。研究结果表明,采用三维荧光区域积分可以表征城市污水中易降解、可降解和难降解有机物相对含量的变化趋势,能够有效识别污水中溶解性有机物的指纹特征。城市污水中类蛋白等易降解物质含量约占总荧光物质的50%,在污水厂曝气池缺氧段,易降解基质被大量去除。曝气池顺水流方向约225 m处,溶解性有机物的去除已基本完成。三维荧光光谱中区域II和III的积分标准体积与TOC的皮尔森相关指数分别为0.964和0.970。和其他荧光指数相比,这2个区域的积分标准体积与TOC的相关度更高。 相似文献
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S. U. Khan 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):1071-1090
Abstract The data presented in this paper emphasize that the behavior and fate of pesticides in the environment is influenced by humic substances. Various methods most frequently used for the characterization of humic substances are discussed. Both humic acid and fulvic acid can solubilize in water certain organic compounds and are important carriers of some pesticides in soil. Humic substances have the potential for promoting the nonbiological degradation of many pesticides. Several methods of bleaching humus color from drinking water, including chlorination, ozonation, and UV‐radiation, are described. Finally, the photochemical stability to UV‐radiation of certain pesticides in aqueous fulvic acid solution is discussed. 相似文献
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S U Khan 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》1980,15(6):1071-1090
The data presented in this paper emphasize that the behavior and fate of pesticides in the environment is influenced by humic substances. Various methods most frequently used for the characterization of humic substances are discussed. Both humic acid and fulvic acid can solubilize in water certain organic compounds and are important carriers of some pesticides in soil. Humic substances have the potential for promoting the nonbiological degradation of many pesticides. Several methods of bleaching humus color from drinking water, including chlorination, ozonation, and UV-radiation, are described. Finally, the photochemical stability to UV-radiation of certain pesticides in aqueous fulvic acid solution is discussed. 相似文献
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本文系统介绍了在TiO2 的非悬浆式体系中 ,光催化氧化有机污染物效率的影响因素、新型光反应器的特点以及污染物的降解动力学规律。可以预见 ,光催化氧化与传统的处理方法相比 ,有着良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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《国际环境与污染杂志》2011,7(3):417-435
The analysis in this paper examines the impact of reducing the excise tax on gasoline and diesel fuel on the United States economy. The analytical approach used consists of a computable general equilibrium model composed of fourteen producing sectors, fourteen consuming sectors, six household categories classified by income and the government. The effects of a 4.3 cents per gallon reduction in the excise tax on gasoline and diesel fuel on prices and quantities are examined. The results suggest, for example, that a decrease in the tax would result in higher output by the producing sectors (by about $2.86 billion), and expansion in the consumption of goods and services (by about $3.48 billion), and an increase in welfare (by about $3.59 billion). The government would realise a decrease in revenue of about $2.37 billion. When subjected to a sensitivity analysis, the results are reasonably robust with regard to the assumption of the values of the substitution elasticities. 相似文献
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Uncertainties in the role of land vegetation in the carbon cycle 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Since the late 1950s the CO2 concentration of the atmosphere has been increasing by around 0.5-3 ppm per year. Understanding of carbon sinks is vital to understanding this trend and its future behaviour. Here we examine some of the factors which may affect the proportion of anthropogenic CO2 ending up in the atmosphere in the present and in the future, and variability in the CO2 increase from one year to another. We also examine the evidence for the potential of terrestrial ecosystem carbon sinks to take up or release CO2. In some cases, a careful re-examination of the research methods used to deduce present and future feedbacks may be necessary. The most advanced technology and the most complex models do not necessarily produce reliable results. They should be carefully checked against a general background knowledge of ecological processes before their results are accepted. 相似文献
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Modeling the spill in the Songhua River after the explosion in the petrochemical plant in Jilin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fu W Fu H Skøtt K Yang M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2008,15(3):178-181
An explosion in a petrochemical plant in Jilin in the northeast of China on 13 November 2005 was responsible for the discharge of large quantities of benzene and nitrobenzene into Songhua River. This endangered the water supply of Harbin city and influenced the daily life for millions of people. The dispersion-advection equation was solved analytically and numerically and used to simulate the concentration of benzene and nitrobenzene in the Songhua River after the accident. Both solutions gave practically identical results. The main elimination process for both compounds was volatilization. The model results are quite close to the results obtained by measurements at monitoring stations. Arrival time of the pollutant wave, peak concentrations and end of the pollutant wave at Harbin and along the river were predicted successfully. The peak concentrations of nitrobenzene at Harbin were more than 30 times above the permissible limits for drinking water. 相似文献
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Adamczyk Janusz Piwowar Arkadiusz Dzikuć Maciej 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(19):16316-16327
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The protection of the air against pollutants from individual boiler plants is a big challenge in Poland. It results mainly from the preference for... 相似文献
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The concentrations of lead, zinc, copper, manganese, cadmium and calcium have been measured in three peat bogs. The distribution of Pb, Zn, Mn and Ca are dependent on the position and fluctuations of the water table. They all become depleted in the waterlogged, anaerobic zone. Copper and cadmium are uniformly distributed and appear to be immobilised, probably by the formation of metal/organic complexes, and independent of the acid and redox conditions existing in the bogs. The use of the concentration profiles of the metal ions as a means of historical monitoring of trace metal contamination is complex for Pb, Zn, Mn and Ca but may be more straightforward for Cu and Cd. 相似文献