三种化合物对石棉催化过氧化氢产生羟基自由基的抑制作用

为了探讨用柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠预处理温石棉对温石棉催化过氧化氢(H2O2)产生羟基自由基(.OH)的影响,用不同浓度的柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡温石棉1小时后,再将其加入到过氧化氢溶液中,利用ESP-300型波谱仪测定反应体中羟基自由基信号。结果显示,温石棉可催化过氧化氢产生羟基自由基,并且所产生的自由基信号(峰高)随石棉浓度升高而增强,呈一定的剂量依赖性。用三种化合物预处理石棉后,其催化过氧化氢产生的自由基信号均减弱,而且其抑制作用随化合物浓度的升高而增强。上述结果表明,用三种化合物预处理温石棉,均可抑制温石棉催化过氧化氢产生羟基自由基。     

石棉表面改性对石棉所致人胚肺细胞内游离钙离子浓度改变的抑制作用

为了探讨研究温石棉及用柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠预处理的温石棉对人胚肺（HEL）细胞内游离钙离子（[Ca^2＋]i）浓度的影响。用Flou3／AM标记体外培养的HEL细胞内Ca^2＋后，将不同浓度的温石棉及用柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡过的温石棉与HEL细胞作用1h，荧光分光光度计测定细胞内[Ca^2＋]i。结果显示，20、40、80μg／ml温石棉单独作用于HEL细胞1h，可使HEL细胞内[Ca^2＋]i浓度分别升高3．0％、53．1％和116．7％，且具有明显的剂量-效应关系（r=0．976，P=0．024）。经三种化合物预处理的温石棉组HEL细胞内[Ca^2＋]i浓度均明显低于未处理温石棉组。得出结论，温石棉可致人胚肺细胞内游离钙离子浓度升高，但用三种化合物预处理温石棉，均可抑制温石棉所致人胚肺细胞内游离钙离子浓度的升高。     

几种化合物对温石棉诱导人胚肺细胞蛋白激酶C活性的影响

为了探讨几种化合物对温石棉诱导人胚肺(HEL)细胞蛋白激酶C(PKC)活性的影响,该研究用不同浓度的柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡温石棉1小时后,再将其与HEL细胞共同孵育24小时,测定了HEL细胞胞浆和胞膜中PKC的活性。其结果显示:随着石棉剂量的增加,HEL细胞胞浆和胞膜中的PKC活性逐渐升高,均呈明显的剂量依赖性;经3种化合物预处理的石棉,其所诱导的HEL细胞胞浆和胞膜中的PKC活性均明显低于未处理温石棉组。笔者提示:温石棉可能通过改变细胞内PKC的活性进一步促进肿瘤的发生;用3种化合物预处理温石棉,均可抑制温石棉对HEL细胞PKC活性的诱导作用。     

几种化合物对温石棉诱导入胚肺细胞蛋白激酶C活性的影响

为了探讨几种化合物对温石棉诱导人胚肺（HEL）细胞蛋白激酶C（PKC）活性的影响，该研究用不同浓度的柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡温石棉1小时后，再将其与HEL细胞共同孵育24小时，测定了HEL细胞胞浆和胞膜中PKC的活性。其结果显示：随着石棉剂量的增加，HEL细胞胞浆和胞膜中的PKC活性逐渐升高，均呈明显的剂量依赖性；经3种化合物预处理的石棉，其所诱导的HEL细胞胞浆和胞膜中的PKC活性均明显低于未处理温石棉组。笔者提示：温石棉可能通过改变细胞内PKC的活性进一步促进肿瘤的发生；用3种化合物预处理温石棉，均可抑制温石棉对HEL细胞PKC活性的诱导作用。     

三种化合物浸泡处理对石棉晶格结构和表面电荷的影响

为了研究经柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠浸泡处理温石棉对温石棉晶格结构和表面电荷的影响,用不同浓度的柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡温石棉1小时后,通过透射电镜测定其衍射环直径的大小,分析石棉晶格结构的改变,并利用石棉纤维吸附亚甲蓝能力的测定方法,分析温石棉表面电荷。结果显示,用三种化合物处理石棉后,其衍射环直径均增大,而且用三种化合物处理后的石棉对亚甲蓝的吸附能力均明显降低,并且随着化合物剂量的增加其降低愈明显。上述结果表明,用三种化合物处理石棉,均可改变石棉的晶格结构,且可能减少其表面电荷。     

温石棉致豚鼠肺泡巨噬细胞酸性磷酸酶释放的干预效应研究

为了探讨几种化合物对温石棉致肺泡巨噬细胞（AM）酸性磷酸酶（ACP）释放的干预效应。本研究用不同浓度的柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡温石棉1小时后，再将其与豚鼠肺泡巨噬细胞共同孵育，测定了细胞培养液中酸性磷酸酶的活性。结果显示，随着石棉剂量的增加和作用时间的延长，细胞培养液中酸性磷酸酶的活性逐渐升高，呈明显的剂量依赖性和时间，效应关系。经3种化合物预处理的石棉组，细胞培养液中酸性磷酸酶的活性均明显低于未处理温石棉组。提示，用3种化合物预处理温石棉，均可减轻温石棉对豚鼠肺泡巨噬细胞的毒性作用。     

温石棉、纳米SiO2、硅灰石及人造纤维粉尘的细胞毒性研究

以温石棉、纳米SiO2、硅灰石及人造纤维(陶瓷纤维、玻璃纤维、岩棉)6种粉尘为受试物,采用噻唑蓝比色法(MTT)检测染毒72 h后V79细胞的存活率,并通过吉姆萨染色观察细胞形态学差异,评价6种粉尘对细胞的影响.结果表明,不同质量浓度的矿物粉尘(100 μg/mL、200 μg/mL、400 μg/mL、600 μg/mL、800 μg/mL、1 000 μg/mL)作用72 h后,V79存活率下降,细胞增殖受到抑制并出现大量细胞坏死,呈现出剂量-效应关系,且对细胞存活的影响从大到小排列为纳米SiO2、玻璃纤维、温石棉、陶瓷纤维、硅灰石、岩棉;形态学观察发现接触纳米SiO2的V79细胞很难找到完好的,形态变化最为严重,岩棉粉尘对V79细胞形态影响比其他5种粉尘弱,多数细胞形态正常,6种粉尘对细胞形态学的影响从大到小分别为纳米SiO2、玻璃纤维、陶瓷纤维、硅灰石、温石棉、岩棉.     

轻稀土对乐果致蚕豆根尖细胞遗传毒性的影响

研究了农药乐果与轻稀土乐果混合溶液对蚕豆根尖的细胞遗传毒性,探讨了稀土修复和稀土预处理对乐果染毒根尖的细胞遗传毒性的影响.结果表明,农药乐果具有轻度的遗传毒性和明显的细胞毒性.在相同剂量乐果溶液(体积比1/2000或1/4000)和相同修复时间(24 h或48 h)下,随着稀土剂量的增加,根尖分裂指数逐步下降,而微核率和细胞核异常率呈上升趋势.30 μmol·L-1稀土分别与1/2000和1/4000乐果溶液混合染毒根尖5 h,30 μmol·L-1稀土溶液修复24 h,前者分裂指数和微核率低于后者,但二者分裂指数均低于该剂量稀土或乐果的单独作用结果.低剂量稀土(1.2 μmol·L-1、6 μmol·L-1)与乐果混合染毒在一定程度上刺激了根尖细胞的分裂,降低了微核率和核异常率,且延长修复时间可进一步提高分裂指数,降低微核率和核异常率.另外,低剂量稀土溶液(1.2 μmol·L-1、6 μmol·L-1)预处理根尖后再进行乐果染毒,与乐果染毒组比较提高了细胞分裂指数并降低了微核率.据此推测,高剂量稀土溶液(＞30 μmol·L-1)可能增加了乐果溶液对蚕豆根尖的细胞遗传毒性,而低剂量稀土溶液(＜6 μmol·L-1)可能具有促进乐果染毒后的根尖细胞修复损伤的作用.     

用尿素治理二氧化氮

杨州一家无线电厂用尿素 治理因用磷酸、硫酸和硝酸抛 光铝材时产生的二氧化氮刺激 性气体,取得了很好的效果。 该厂原来铝化学抛光的工 艺流程为:首先以容量比的浓 磷酸75%、浓硫酸15%混合在 槽内,加热至90℃左右,再加 入浓硝酸10%,迅速移入铝件 制品进行抛光;数秒钟后取出 铝件,并用清水冲洗、温水封 闭、除去表面水分,再进行氧 化和烘干。 工艺改革的关键是硝酸放 入槽内同磷酸、硫酸混合时,立即投入尿素,使每升混合酸含尿素80～120克,使原来含大最二氧化氮的黄烟变成白烟(主要成分为二氧化碳、氮气和水蒸汽)。其原理是:随着温度的升高,…     

全氟辛酸对人肺A549细胞的毒性

采用体外细胞毒性试验的方法研究了全氟辛酸(PFOA)对人肺A549细胞的毒性作用。结果表明:当PFOA质量浓度≥50μg/mL时,细胞皱缩变圆,并随PFOA质量浓度增加,细胞间隙变大,细胞变圆的数量增多;PFOA对A549细胞的增殖存在抑制作用,抑制作用与PFOA质量浓度呈正相关;PFOA会导致细胞内活性氧(ROS)含量升高,PFOA染毒质量浓度与细胞内ROS含量呈正相关;PFOA可诱导细胞凋亡,细胞凋亡率随PFOA质量浓度升高呈缓慢上升趋势。PFOA对人肺癌细胞具有毒性作用,可诱导细胞凋亡,且PFOA可随大气颗粒物进行长距离迁移,其对人体呼吸系统的影响或发生致毒效应的风险应当引起重视。     

沼泽红假单胞菌去除铅的实验研究

采用沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas palustris)N菌株进行了去除铅的研究。考查pH、温度、接种量、供氧光照条件等因素对其生长及去除铅的影响。结果表明:菌株生长及去除Pb2+的最优条件是pH为7、厌氧光照、温度为30℃,接种量为0.6g·L-1,Pb2+的去除率可达95%以上;模拟了N菌株去除不同浓度Pb2+的动力学方程。进一步研究不同浓度Pb2+对N菌株细胞中半胱氨酸脱巯基酶比活力的影响,结果显示:Pb2+浓度分别为50,100,150mg·L-1时,可提高半胱氨酸脱巯基酶的活力,而当Pb2+浓度提高到200mg·L-1时则抑制其活力。     

碳源对微生物硝酸盐异化还原成铵过程的影响

微生物通过异化性硝酸盐还原成铵(DNRA)途径,硝态氮转化为仍可生物再利用的铵盐。以琥珀酸钠、柠檬酸钠、酒石酸钾钠为碳源,研究碳源的差异对有氧条件下微生物通过DNRA途径产铵的影响。结果显示,以琥珀酸钠和柠檬酸钠为碳源,初始浓度为20 mmol/L是较佳的实验条件,此时C/N约为1.5～2.0,NH4+-N质量浓度30.0～45.0 mg/L,最高产铵率分别为29.9%和27.0%;以酒石酸钾钠为碳源则在初始浓度为30 mmol/L,C/N约为2.0,NH4+-N质量浓度为40.0～45.0 mg/L时,最高产铵率为30.7%。反硝化和DNRA过程是同时存在的,培养液中NO3--N浓度的下降伴随着中间产物NO2--N的积累和NH4+-N浓度的升高。     

Synthesis and adsorption studies of NiO nanoparticles in the presence of H2acacen ligand,for removing Rhodamine B in wastewater treatment

Cost efficient NiO nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal production of nano-scale Ni(OH)₂, using Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O and NaOH as precursors, in the presence of H₂acacen ligand, followed by calcinations of the produced Ni(OH)₂. Prepared samples were then characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). BET analysis revealed high surface area for pure nano sized NiO, averaging 176.56 m²/g and confirming its application as an efficient adsorbent. Experimental studies for Rhodamine B (RB) removal from aqueous solutions in batch systems revealed that the adsorption equilibrium was best represented by Langmuir isotherm, with the maximum monolayer capacity of 111 mg/g for RB. The kinetic data was well described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, having intraparticle diffusion model as a rate limiting step.     

Using soybean isoflavone to prevent hydrogen production reaction of aluminium dust and water in wet dust removal systems

Using a dry dust removal system used for aluminium dust collection presents a dust explosion risk, whereas a wet dust removal system presents a risk of hydrogen fire and explosion. Neither system can attain a sufficient level of safety for use at aluminium processing sites. In this paper, soybean isoflavone, a non-toxic and environmentally sustainable flavonoid, was investigated to inhibit hydrogen production from aluminium dust and water. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize aluminium particles before and after the reaction. Soybean isoflavone was found to inhibit hydrogen production from aluminium dust and water. At a soybean isoflavone solution concentration of 2.1 g L⁻¹, a dense protective film resulting from chemical adsorption on the surfaces of the aluminium particles isolated the aluminium particles from water molecules. This film blocked the reaction pathway between the aluminium particles and water to suppress hydrogen generation. This fundamental study addresses the problems of hydrogen fires and explosions in wet dust removal systems for aluminium dust collection and provides a novel, safe and effective method for aluminium dust removal.     

Recovery of methyl orange and Congo red from aqueous solutions using tri-octyl amine (TOA) in benzene as carrier

The recovery of anionic azo dyes namely Congo red (CR), methyl orange (MO) from acidic aqueous solutions using tri-octyl amine (TOA) as an extractant has been investigated. The percentage of extraction of MO and CR increases with an increasing TOA concentration. The anionic dyes were extracted from aqueous solution at pH 2.0 ± 0.1. The extracted dye has been back extracted into aqueous solutions using sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. The organic phase obtained after the stripping of dyes was washed with dilute sodium hydroxide solution to neutralize any sulphuric acid trapped or adhered to the solvent and then with distilled water. This solvent was reused in succeeding extraction of dyes. The influencing parameters were; the effect of diluents, effect of extractant concentration, effect of pH, effect of interference study, effect of equilibrium time, various stripping reagents and stripping phase ratio. The characterization studies such as UV and IR spectra of extracted and stripped MO and CR was also studied.     

Evaluating the efficacy of alumina/carbon nanotube hybrid adsorbents in removing Azo Reactive Red 198 and Blue 19 dyes from aqueous solutions

Concerning the high volume of wastewater containing dye in Iran and its adverse effects, it is necessary to develop scientific solutions for treating these wastewaters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the alumina-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes in removing the Reactive Red 198 (RR 198) and Blue 19 (RB 19) dyes. Synthetic samples including dye with different concentrations were prepared. These samples were put in contact with different contents of alumina/multi-walled carbon nanotubes, in different pH values, in different contact times, different temperatures and the presence of sodium sulfate or sodium carbonate. The optimum pH, dye concentration and temperature for removal of the two dyes was 3, 50 mg l⁻¹ and 25 °C, respectively. The optimum adsorbent dose for removal the RR 198 dye was 0.5 g l⁻¹ and for Blue 19 was 0.4 g l⁻¹. The optimum contact time for RR 198 was 150 min and RB 19 was 180 min. In this condition, maximum removal efficiency for RR 198 and RB 19 was 91.54% and 93.51%, respectively. The adsorption study was analyzed kinetically, and the results revealed that the adsorption fitted a pseudo-second order kinetic model. According to these results alumina/multi-walled carbon nanotubes can effectively remove RR 198 and RB 19 from aqueous solutions.