环境保护的去法律化思考

环境问题是当今国际社会的普遍问题，这一问题在作为发展中国家的我国显得尤为突出，由于特殊的国情，我国的环境问题呈现出与众不同的原因，并且随着西部大开发与经济建设的逐步深入开展，环境法治也暴露出诸多缺陷与弊端。本文探讨了我国环境问题成因的特殊性，并就非法律化的角度与视野，对现今的环境保护提出了一些建议。     

焦化联产甲醇项目生产及其环境影响的若干问题

针对利用炼焦副产品——焦炉剩余煤气生产甲醇过程中存在的一些环境问题进行了探讨，并根据工艺特点，优选与推荐了比较可行的节能减排方案和环境保护措施。     

应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术监测环境致突变物的研究进展

综述了国内外应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术检测环境突变物的研究。表明：蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术经济，简单，可靠且实验条件要求不高，应予推广使用。对该技术存在的一些问题也应引起注意，需进一步深入研究。     

浅谈企业突发环境事件应急预案编制管理工作

通过对苏州市近几年开展的突发环境事件应急预案编制工作的分析，总结了企业突发环境事件应急预案编制中存在的问题，探索了“十二五”期间突发环境事件应急预案规范化管理中面临的挑战，并结合实际提出了针对企业突发环境事件应急预案编制管理工作的一些建议。     

新疆环境应急监测中存在的问题及对策初探

在概述了环境应急监测在突发事件处置中的重要作用的基础上,分析了突发事故环境应急监测中存在的一些问题,并对此提出了一些建议和对策。     

环境样品中亚硝酸盐分析方法的进展

综述了自１９８８年以来国内外一些刊物上发表的有关环境样品中亚硝酸盐分析方法的研究用情况，内容包括分光光度法，极谱法，流动注射化学发光法，荧光法等。     

中国西部地区环境现状及其根源

简述了我国西部地区面临严峻的环境问题，指出了造成环境恶化的根源，并提出了改善西部环境问题的对策。     

融雪剂对环境的影响及对策

简述了目前国内外融雪剂使用的现状。综述了氯化物融雪剂对钢筋混凝土路面、植物、水系、土壤、臭氧层的影响。并指出了目前融雪剂市场存在的一些问题。最后,提出了相应的对策及建议。     

对实施工业企业环境行为信息公开化制度的探讨

阐述了工业企业环境行为信息公开化制度的基本概念，说明了实施该制度的重要性和意义及目前实施过程中存在的问题，并提出相应的对策和建议。     

大气自动站ML9850SO 2监测仪的校标操作

按照江苏省环境监测中心《大气自动站实施细则》的要求，大气自动站仪器每星期必须进行1次校零校标，以保证大气监测数据的准确，为此扬中市环境监测站多次对大气自动站仪器进行了校零校标检测，在对SO2监测仪校零校标过程中，发现了一些问题，给出了解决方法。     

城市大气环境中醛酮类化合物污染状况及变化规律

2003年对郑州市城市环境空气中醛酮类化合物的污染状况及变化规律进行了初步调查研究.结果表明:大气环境中醛酮类污染物的质量浓度范围为未检出～167 μg/m3,主要污染物为甲醛、乙醛和丙酮;醛酮类污染物含量在不同季节的变化趋势是:夏季>春季>冬季;醛酮类污染物主要来源于大气中有机物的光化学反应,甲醛与乙醛、甲醛与丙酮有...     

典型电子垃圾拆解区大气颗粒物中元素污染的季节变化特征

分别在典型电子垃圾拆解区(E)和其参考区(S)采集了大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)样品,利用等离子体电感耦合质谱(ICP-MS)检测了13种元素。结果表明,E地区大气TSP中各元素含量均高于对照区,特别是污染元素Zn、Cu、Cd、Sn和Pb。E地区和S地区TSP中元素质量浓度的季节变化趋势相似,TSP中地壳元素质量浓度夏季高于冬季,而污染元素冬季高于夏季。E地区和S地区TSP中Cu、Zn、Sn和Pb的富集因子(EF)100,E地区EF值高于对照区,说明这些元素主要来源于电子垃圾处理过程;而Mg、K、Ca、Ti、V、Mn、Fe、Co和Cd的EF值为1~10,说明元素主要为自然来源。     

Applying a Large,Statewide Database to the Assessment,Stressor Diagnosis,and Restoration of Stream Fish Communities

In this report, predictions of the species that were expected to occur at stream sites were generated and probable stressors to fish species that were predicted to occur but were absent were diagnosed. Predictions were generated based on the hierarchical screening method of Smith and Powell (1971, Am. Mus. Novit. 2458, 1–30), using fish abundance in conjunction with 25 environmental variables at 895 sites. The sites were sampled throughout Maryland and represent the entire range of environmental quality from severely degraded to minimally degraded. Stressor variable values that exceeded tolerance thresholds for species that were expected to occur, but were absent, were considered to be probable stressors. This method was tested for efficacy in stream site assessments and stressor diagnosis using an independent data set. Sites that were classified as degraded according to the IBI and to non-biological criteria had fewer predicted species present compared to minimally influenced sites, indicating that the proportion of predicted species present accurately represents the biological integrity of a stream site. The nine stressors that were applied to the test data set accounted for species absences in 43.7% of degraded sites. Impervious land cover was the most common stressor identified. In addition to assessing stream biological integrity and identifying stressors to fish species, this approach also provides tolerance thresholds for predicted fish species that are useful endpoints necessary to plan effective restoration of fish species in Maryland.     

Interspecific and Locational Differences in Heavy Metal Levels in Four Species of Birds Near Sydney, Australia

We examined the levels of cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury, and selenium in four species of birds near Sydney, New South Wales, Australia in January, 1996. Molted contour feathers were collected from silver gull, Larus novaehollandiae (Royal National Park and downtown Sydney), sulphur-crested cockatoo, Cacatua sulphurea (Blue Mountains, Royal National Park, and Sydney), Australian white ibis, Threskiornis molucca (Sydney), and rock dove Columba livia (Royal National Park and Sydney). We tested the null hypothesis that there were no species or locational differences in metal levels. There were significant species differences in all metals, with rock doves having the highest levels of cadmium, chromium, lead, and manganese, and silver gulls having the highest levels of mercury and selenium. Metal levels were generally low in cockatoos, and were lowest in those from the Royal National Park. For silver gulls, cadmium, lead, and chromium levels were highest at Sydney, and there were no locational differences in manganese, mercury, and selenium levels. For rock doves, cadmium, chromium and manganese were higher in Sydney, and there were no locational differences in lead, mercury, and selenium. Overall, cadmium and chromium levels were significantly higher in Sydney than in the Royal National Park for all species, and there were no locational differences in mercury levels. Although the levels of most metals in feathers from these Australian birds were within the ranges reported worldwide, lead levels in ibises and rock doves were among the highest reported worldwide, suggesting a cause for concern.     

Habitat Conditions and Correlations of Sediment Quality Triad Indicators in Delaware Bay

This paper summarizes sampling results from NOAA's National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program for marine environmental quality in Delaware Bay. A stratified-random design was used to determine the spatial extent of sediment contamination and toxicity in Delaware Bay from offshore stations in the coastal zone, the lower estuary, the upper estuary, the fresh/salt mixing zone, and tidal fresh areas. Sediment samples were taken for chemical analyses of major classes of environmental contaminants, a suite of toxicity bioassays, and benthic macrofaunal community assessment to identify patterns of resident species. The tidal-fresh areas and portions of the mixing zone of the study area were heavily contaminated. Contaminant concentrations were frequently above the 90th percentile of EMAP Virginian Province levels. PAHs in the sediment were higher than previously documented, with a major component of PAHs being pyrogenic in origin. Bioassay results were highly variable. Toxicity and contaminant levels were correlated when aggregated into indices, but were only marginally correlated with benthic community impacts. High and low abundance stations were found in all zones. Most of the tidal fresh stations were dominated by pollution tolerant species. Species diversity and abundance were generally lowest in the fresh/salt mixing zone.     

京杭运河江苏段底栖动物群落结构调查

通过2018年5月在京杭运河江苏段布设23个采样点调查底栖动物群落结构和生境状况,并用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数评价底栖动物多样性,用聚类法分析采样点底栖动物群落结构相似性,用ANOSIM分析检验聚类组差异性,用SIMPER对聚类组作主要特征物种分析。结果显示:23个采样点共采集底栖动物42种,其中甲壳纲4种、软体动物16种、多毛纲2种、蛭纲2种、昆虫纲4种(均为摇蚊类)、寡毛纲14种。聚类分析将23个采样点分成4组,ANOSIM分析检验表明各聚类组底栖动物群落结构具有显著差异(p<0.05),底质类型和水生植被等生境状况是影响京杭运河江苏段底栖动物群落结构的重要原因。     

北京公园水体中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的测定及其分布特征

为了正确评估北京市公园水体受PAEs污染的程度,采集了北京11个公园湖水的水样,采用固相萃取-气相色谱联用技术检测了其中六种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质(PAEs)的含量,该方法加标回收率在73%～89.3%,RSD为5.9%～18.1%,检出限在0.40～4.58mg/L。实验结果为北京公园水体中总PAEs浓度在6.4～138.1μg/L,平均值为27.9μg/L,证明北京公园水体受到不同程度的PAEs污染,主要的污染物为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸双(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP),其中东南部以及西北部的公园污染较严重。分析了PAEs在公园湖水底泥中和水体中的分布特征,结果显示,PAEs在湖水底泥中的含量明显大于在水体中的含量。     

基于SOA和O3生成潜势的上海市VOCs优控物种研究

为评估上海市挥发性有机物(VOCs)对二次有机气溶胶(SOA)和臭氧生成潜势的贡献,采用SUMMA罐采样实验室GC-FID/MS分析方法开展了环境空气104种臭氧前体物和TO-15组分分析,采用DNPH吸附管采样实验室HPLC高效液相色谱法开展了环境空气13种醛酮类组分分析。结果表明:2018年8-11月上海市代表点位VOCs摩尔分数均值范围为20. 61~50. 38 nmol/mol,臭氧生成潜势(OFP)均值范围为60. 55~184. 12μg/m^3,二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(AFP)为21. 63~61. 72μg/m^3。醛酮类和芳香烃类是OFP的主要贡献因子,贡献占比分别为31. 5%~55. 2%和21. 6%~37. 8%。芳香烃类对AFP贡献超过90%。从主要组分构成来看,城区人口密集区点位乙烷、丙烷浓度最高,其他点位甲醛浓度最高;甲醛对OFP贡献最大;间/对二甲苯在浦东书院点位AFP贡献最大,其他点位为甲苯。OFP和AFP双控物种各点位均有4~5个主要物种,以芳香烃类为主。     

有机锡化合物的性质、环境污染来源及测定方法

综述了有机锡化合物的性质 ,并对此类化合物在PVC稳定剂、木材防腐剂、农药、防腐涂料和杀螺贝剂等方面的应用作了简介 ,从而指出其主要的环境污染来源。对环境中有机锡化合物的测定方法作了简单评价。     

DNA条形码技术在水生生物分类中的研究进展

介绍DNA条形码技术的相关原理和发展概况,分析其具有的优势和所存在的局限性,并阐述了DNA条形码技术在水生生物分类中的研究现状,最后探讨了目前存在的问题并展望了其未来应用前景.