川西山地生态旅游景观资源及灌丛景观资源调查研究

生态旅游是一种回归自然、保护自然的高层次旅游活动,近年来在国内外获得广泛关注。四川省是我国生态旅游大省,具有得天独厚的地势条件和自然景观资源。其中,川西山地地广人稀、地势起伏大,较之四川省东部地区更有利于开展生态旅游活动。因此,本文利用统计资料和前人研究成果,对川西山地地区生态旅游景观资源的整体情况加以阐述,主要内容涵盖地质地貌景观资源、水文景观资源、生物景观资源和气象气候景观资源。并重点对资料统计过程中发现空缺的灌丛景观资源部分,以野外调查的方法予以补充分析,以期为进一步研究该区域生态旅游资源的开发与利用提供支撑。     

论自然保护区旅游活动的生态影响

自然保护区逐渐打破传统的消极保护模式，寻求保护与发展的协调，开展起旅游活动，但由此带来的生态影响不容忽视。本文从建立自然保护区的主要目的出发，就旅游活动对生物多样性及生态景观的影响进行分析，认为在自然保护区开展旅游活动，要对旅游活动强度与游客量进行合理控制，按照生态旅游的方法进行合理规划与管理，使保护区获得可持续发展。     

青海省玉树地区生态旅游环境承载力研究

本文以玉树藏族自治州为研究对象，以区内县域为评价单元，构建该地区生态旅游环境的承载力的综合评价指标体系，对玉树藏族自治州6个县域进行生态旅游环境承载力进行分析评价。结果表明：杂多县、曲麻莱县和治多县的生态旅游环境承载力较低；称多的生态旅游环境承载力中等；而玉树、囊谦的生态旅游环境承载力较高。     

我国自然保护区生态旅游业的发展

生态旅游是当今世界旅游组织大力提倡的最佳形式的旅游活动，自然5保护区为生态旅游提供了绝好的生态本底条件。本文探讨自然保护区生态旅游业的发展。     

谈导游在生态旅游中的特殊作用——对《全国环境宣传教育行动纲要（2011—2015年）》的思考

将环境教育融入生态旅游教育中，帮助旅游工作者正确认识环境保护的意义，增加游客的环境意识，树立环境的可持续发展观念，使游客在旅途时保护生态环境。在这生态旅游的环境教育中，导游的作用与众不同。     

城郊自然旅游开发探讨

自然旅游是指人们在户外自然环境中从事的一种旅游活动,它与生态旅游、乡村旅游、绿色旅游、森林旅游等旅游形式具有相近的含义。自然旅游在世界旅游业中起着重要的作用,由于该旅游活动融观光和娱乐于一体,因此倍受人们的青睐。1世界自然旅游发展的回用本世纪60年代以来,世界环境日益恶化,城市问题愈趋严重,人们特别是生活在都市的居民,渴望清新的绿色环境,回归大自然的愿望日益强烈,因此在这一时期及随后的30余年里.各国政府开始重视自然环境的保护,设立了多种类型的自然保护区,积极发展自然旅游.美国是自然旅游开发得最早和最为成熟的国家…     

论生态旅游与环境保护的关系

生态旅游资源是现代旅游资源开发中一种极具发展潜力的资源。按照国际生态旅游协会的定义,生态旅游是指具有保护自然环境和维系当地人民生活双重责任的旅游活动。20世纪80年代以后,生态旅游在西方引起高度重视并获得迅猛发展。许多旅游学家认为,生态旅游是当代世界旅游的转折点,它标志着世界旅游正在逐步摆脱二战后以满足旅游者需要为基础所形成的大众旅游模式,由文化旅游向更高的层次发展,并预示着21世纪生态旅游业的发展方向。但在旅游资源开发过程中,有些地方政府为了局部利益与眼前利益,对资源进行掠夺式开发,加之游客素质低,对资源的破坏严重。因此,如何看待和处理好旅游开发和保护的关系,是实现生态旅游可持续发展的关键。     

生态系统娱乐文化价值的评估研究——兼谈对我国贫困地区的意义

娱乐文化功能是生态系统向人类提供的重要服务功能之一。研究生态系统娱乐文化价值是研究生态系统服务功能的一个重要方面。了解娱乐文化价值的重要性对我国生态系统脆弱但旅游资源丰富的贫困地区的发展具有重要意义。阐述了生态系统娱乐文化价值的内涵与构成，利用国内外有关娱乐文化价值评估的数据资料，总结得出了娱乐文化价值量的重要性，并说明了其评估方法。最后提出了解决我国生态脆弱但旅游资源丰富的贫困地区的可持续发展之路——发展生态旅游，以及生态旅游管理的措施和建议。     

能值理论在海岛生态旅游中的应用研究

21世纪是海洋的世纪，大力发展海洋经济成为全世界的共同目标。海岛作为“人类开发海洋的远涉基地和前进支点”被大规模开发，其主要开发利用方式——海岛生态旅游也蓬勃发展。在此背景下，如何协调海岛生态环境与旅游经济的关系成为人们关注的焦点，也是海岛生态旅游可持续发展亟待解决的问题。运用能值理论对海岛生态旅游系统进行研究，构建海岛生态旅游系统能值指标体系，定量分析整个系统的结构、功能、旅游经济效益、生态效率和综合状况，为海岛生态环境资源和旅游经济活动的评估提供客观标准，并为海岛生态旅游可持续发展研究提供科学的依据。     

谈导游在生态旅游中的特殊作用——对《全国环境宣传教育行动纲要(2011——2015年)》的思考

将环境教育融入生态旅游教育中,帮助旅游工作者正确认识环境保护的意义,增加游客的环境意识,树立环境的可持续发展观念,使游客在旅途时保护生态环境。在这生态旅游的环境教育中,导游的作用与众不同。2011年4月,环境保护部、中央宣传部、中央文明办、教育部、共青团中央、全国妇联六部委联合编制了《全国环境宣传教育行动纲要(2011—2015年)》。这也是政府相关主管部门对于公众环境意识宣传和环境教育方面最新的政策意见。     

Tourist Support for Marine Protection in Nha Trang,Viet Nam

Environmental planners often propose tourism as a means of financing programmes to protect significant environmental areas. Surveys of tourists can provide useful information about the significance of environmental problems, trade-offs among policy objectives, willingness to pay (WTP) for protection programmes and preferences for different payment mechanisms. In Khanh Hoa Province, the provincial People's Committee, the Ministry of Fisheries and the World Conservation Union are working to implement Viet Nam's first marine protected area (MPA) in Nha Trang Bay. This paper reports the results of a survey of local and other Vietnamese and foreign tourists to islands that will be included in the MPA. The majority of respondents thought rubbish on the beaches, water pollution and vendors on beaches were problems and that the MPA was a good idea. Foreign tourists were significantly more likely to perceive environmental problems than were Vietnamese tourists, and persons who agreed there were environmental problems were significantly more likely to support the concept of an MPA, despite the potential for possible economic effects with distributive consequences. WTP for protection was modest and positively correlated with education and income. Although foreign tourists were on average willing to pay more, a larger proportion of Vietnamese tourists were willing to pay some amount to support the MPA. Analyses indicate that changes in income and education expected with economic development will increase both awareness of problems and WTP for protection. The results of this analysis are both encouraging and cautionary. The need for an MPA is clearly recognized by most tourists, and most tourists are willing to pay small fees to support the MPA. Given that education has significant impacts on both perceptions of problems and WTP, educational programmes may be an effective strategy for managing the competing objectives of protection and use.     

Ecotourism,sustainable development,and conservation education: Development of a tour guide training program in Tortuguero,Costa Rica

A tour guide training program was developed for rural communities near Costa Rica's Tortuguero National Park to respond to the impacts of the 24-fold increase in park visitation in the past decade, to involve local communities in resource management, and to provide regional environmental education. The development of the training course involved a survey of scientists and park managers to ascertain resource management needs, priorities for information to be disseminated, and impacts of tourism on the resource base. Current and potential tour guides were surveyed to identify their information needs, solicit their input in the training program, and to determine their knowledge and skills. Written questionnaires were developed and given to 400 tourists to determine their activities and environmental information needs, and hotel owners were censused to examine the economic feasibility of a local guide program. A pilot training course and guide program involving 12 Tortuguero residents demonstrated that a tour guide program: (1) helped mitigate negative tourism impacts on Tortuguero National Park's natural resources, particularly by regulating tourists on the park's 35-km beach used for nesting by endangered sea turtles; (2) provided environmental education to an important segment of the local community not traditionally reached through school or government development projects; (3) provided environmental information to tourists, thus enhancing their visit; and (4) provided local economic benefits through lucrative part-time employment, thereby allowing local people to participate more fully in the tourism system. An extended training course is being planned to provide further environmental education programming and to increase year-round employment opportunities for the tour guides.     

古村落旅游地利益主体关系及影响研究--世界文化遗产地西递、宏村实证分析

运用利益主体理论，通过对西递、宏村两地旅游业密切相关的各利益主体代表的访谈及问卷调查发现，政府、居民、旅游企业、游客为目前古村落旅游地最主要的利益主体，他们在古村落的旅游发展中，所处的地位、执行的职能、发挥的作用各不相同，但彼此又密切相关，具有一些共同目标或职责。在此基础上，指出西递、宏村两地旅游发展面临的主要矛盾和问题，提出鼓励公众参与、提高从业人员素质和教育程度、加强对旅游者的教育、加强利益主体之间的协调与合作等相关对策。     

Determinants of Visitor Pro-Environmental Intentions on Two Small Greek Islands: Is Ecotourism Possible at Coastal Protected Areas?

A relatively under-researched question is whether there is a possibility of influencing environmentally aware tourists regarding ecotourism at destinations that continue to develop under a pattern of mass 'seaside' tourism. Our objective was to assess the pro-environmental intentions of visitors at two small Greek islands, which are within a Natura 2000 site, specifically Paxoi and Antipaxoi. Intentions involved willingness to receive information about the protected area, willingness to accept pro-environmental limitations on recreational experience, and willingness-to-pay a conditional environmental conservation value added tax. In addition, we aimed to identify determinants of visitor pro-environmental intentions among visitor and visit characteristics, visitor satisfaction, and self-reported environmental knowledge, as well as anticipated outcomes of tourism development and suggestions for protected area management. We randomly collected 324 usable questionnaires during the summer season; 242 (74.69?%) by Greek visitors and 82 (25.31?%) by foreign visitors. Visitor satisfaction was quite high; however, visitors reported low levels of environmental knowledge. Our findings showed that the unique characteristics of the destination were not salient among visitors and that there is a lack of effective outreach campaigns, interpretation, and on-site environmental education programs. However, our study revealed high levels of visitor pro-environmental intentions that might support the promotion of ecotourism on the two islands. We provide recommendations based on determinants of visitor pro-environmental intentions, which might assist towards advancing visitor participation in environmental education projects, environmentally responsible behavior among visitors, and financial contribution to environmental conservation by visitors.     

重大事件对入境游客旅游动机的影响——北京奥运会的案例研究

以2008年北京奥运会为例，通过入境游客行为调查分析奥运会举办对入境游客旅游动机的影响。结果表明，影响入境游客旅游动机的因素主要有限制性因子、社会心理因子和文化教育因子，其中社会心理因子和文化教育因子与北京奥运会显著相关；入境游客的年龄、学历和家庭结构与奥运会举办呈现负相关；游客的年龄、学历、年收入和家庭结构等变量受奥运会影响显著，提出了相应的营销策略。     

中国避暑旅居城市指标体系构建与分类评价

依据避暑旅居的内涵与特点,从环境质量、服务需求、旅游资源和市场潜力4个维度构建了我国避暑旅居指标体系,并运用多维度综合评价法对我国25个主要城市的避暑旅居潜力进行了研究。结果发现:不同城市的避暑旅居潜力差异较大,生态环境质量、旅游资源丰富性、地区经济水平、交通区位条件、服务接待能力和游客感知水平等是避暑旅居潜力大小的主要影响因素。通过对分类评价潜力模型的分析,提出各自的发展方向与建议。     

农业生态观光园规划设计研究

农业生态观光园在规划设计理念上必须体现观光、休闲、生态环保和教育综合性特点,满足都市游客在快节奏城市生活压力下渴望回归田园的心理需求,因此在农业观光园的设计过程中必须始终保持以科技支撑的现代生态农业为载体,在规划和景观设计上注重时代性与传统性的结合,最大限度地体现自然性。生态观光园规划设计应表现自然生态环保理念,具有包容性、完善的功能设施和高质量的服务。     

改进“自然景观旅游区环境监测方案”的思考——以武陵源景区为例

旅游区环境监测是获取环境质量信息,进行有效环境管理的基础性工作.由于游客对自然景观区环境要求的特殊性和景区污染排放方式的独特性,自然景观旅游区的环境监测方案设计也应区别于其他区域.以世界自然遗产武陵源风景区为例,运用资料收集、实地调查、访谈等方法对其环境监测方案进行调查,按照旅游环境管理要求对其分析评价,发现存在的问题.在此基础上,提出自然景观区环境监测方案的改进思路,使其更符合自然景观区的环境特点与管理要求.     

Assessing visitor satisfaction with tourism rejuvenation policies: the case of Rimini,Italy

This paper assesses the appeal of potential interventions on the tourism offer of Rimini, a popular Italian seaside holiday destination, by means of a choice modelling analysis. Tourism can be viewed as a composite good, its overall utility depending on the arrangement of the component characteristics. The discrete choice experiments here incorporate as attributes a number of possible changes to current tourist activities (the subject of public debate), including them in hypothetical alternative holiday packages. The conditional logit analysis indicates that tourists show lesser preference for interventions aimed at protecting the environmental integrity of the beach and greater preference for those, such as the creation of a pedestrianised seafront with late-night opening of amenities and facilities, that are likely to diminish the role of the traditional sea, sun and sand component of the overall holiday experience.     

导游特色化初探

基于旅游市场对特色导游迫切需求的主要原因,阐述了导游特色化培养对于满足市场需求、提高服务质量、拓宽就业渠道、细化旅游学科专业建设具有的重要意义,并提出实现导游特色化可以从政策导向、教育、广纳人才等几个途径来实现。