首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 83 毫秒
1.
ABS树脂废水有机物反硝化潜势及降解特性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为优化ABS树脂废水的生物脱氮工艺,测定了废水的反硝化潜势,分析了废水反硝化阶段有机物的降解特性. 结果表明,ABS树脂废水的反硝化碳源充足,并且含有易降解有机物和慢速降解有机物等具有不同反硝化速率的有机物. 在废水ρ(SCOD)(SCOD为溶解性化学需氧量)为755.4~1 043.3 mg/L,ρ(TN)为86.1~111.1 mg/L的情况下,总反硝化潜势为95.4~144.6 mg/L (以NO3--N计),其中易降解有机物的反硝化速率为3.4~4.6 mg/(g·h) (以NO3--N计),反硝化潜势为33.2~49.7 mg/L;2类慢速降解有机物的反硝化速率分别为2.2~3.2和0.4~0.9 mg/(g·h),反硝化潜势之和为62.2~94.9 mg/L. 反硝化过程中,废水SCOD的去除率为48.9%~62.8%,ON(有机氮)去除率为81.5%~95.7%. 腈类物质得到明显降解,并生成大量NH4+-N,是反硝化碳源的重要组成部分. 三维荧光光谱表明,废水中的芳香族有机物苯环结构在反硝化条件下未得到有效降解,但在好氧条件下得到快速降解.   相似文献   

2.
为探明易降解有机物短期冲击对全自养亚硝化颗粒污泥(PNG)中不同功能菌活性的影响,本研究采用多批次连续实验,系统考察了PNG在有机物胁迫与恢复阶段,氮素转化性能与溶解氧(DO)利用情况的演化规律.结果表明,基质C/N比越高,亚硝态氮比累积速率[q(NO-2-N)]的降幅就越大.期间,异养菌(He B)活性的增强,加快了PNG对DO的消耗速率,使得氧亲和力较差的亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)活性得到了有效抑制.当重新采用无机碳源配水时,q(NO-2-N)数值明显增大,同时He B与NOB的活性均处于较低水平.因此,易降解有机物对全自养PNG系统的冲击具有一定可逆性,该过程有助于巩固氨氧化菌(AOB)的相对优势,提升亚硝化反应的稳定性.  相似文献   

3.
胶体态有机物对生物膜硝化过程的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用曝气生物滤池研究了胶体态和溶解态有机物对生物膜中硝化过程的影响.实验结果表明,胶体态有机物的水解过程进行得较为迅速,不会成为生物降解的限制过程.70%有机物的氧化在滤池的进口40cm内完成,而随着进水有机物浓度的增加硝化过程向滤池的上部迁移.胶体态有机物对硝化过程的抑制作用比同样浓度溶解态有机物略大.  相似文献   

4.
活性污泥数学模型中进水易降解有机物的测定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
ASM系列模型 (ASMs)自推出以来在欧美得到广泛应用。要想利用ASMs对特定污水处理过程进行准确的模拟 ,首先必须得到该过程污水的水质特性参数。介绍了连续式OUR计量法、序批式OUR计量法和絮凝过滤物理化学法等 3种测定ASMs中进水易降解有机物的方法 ,通过分析比较指出了各自的优缺点及适用情况。  相似文献   

5.
同步硝化反硝化好氧颗粒污泥脱氮过程条件研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
具有同步硝化与反硝化功能的好氧颗粒污泥适合好氧与厌氧微生物生长代谢。反应液中氨氮浓度为201mg/L时,在6h反应周期内氨完全被氧化,出水中检测不到NO2^-—N,仅残留2mg/L的NO3^-—N。颗粒污泥优化的反应条件为:温度25~38℃;pH7~8;溶解氧浓度1~2mg/L。好氧颗粒污泥对COD和氨氮的亲和常数分别为100mg/L和2mg/L。  相似文献   

6.
城市污泥发酵处理中微生物对有机物的降解   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
为园林绿化安全施用城市发酵污泥提供科学依据,将污水处理厂采集的脱水消化污泥,添加吸湿剂,使其含水量达40%后,装入发酵地,与对照池同时进行0、5、10、15、20天采样,并同步进行微生物培养计数和用色谱法对毒性有机物进行定量分析。结果表明,微生物对毒性有机物的降解有明显效果,特别对甲苯、乙苯、邻苯二甲酸酯、γ-666,op'-DDT等降解效果更显著。同时,微生物类群的数量变化与毒性有机物的降解率呈正相关关系。毒性有机物的降解是以细菌、放线菌为主的微生物综合作用的结果。可以认为污水处理厂的消化污泥通过发酵处理降解有机物是可行的,其产物应用于园林绿地将是比较安全的。  相似文献   

7.
厌氧颗粒污泥流化床降解有机物的动力学分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
王世和  何炜 《环境科学》1999,20(4):33-37
在前人研究的基础上,运用反应器理论,建立了厌氧颗粒污泥流化床反应器内有机物降解的动力学模型,在测定动力学模型参数的基础上,以大量实验资料验证了模型及其假设的可靠性,并对反应器效率进行了模拟分析。结果表明,在本试验条件下的最佳颗粒污泥粒径为0.82mm,反应器最佳生物浓度为50g/L。  相似文献   

8.
在CSTR反应器中接种硝化颗粒污泥处理低氨氮浓度废水,研究其亚硝化的实现过程,并基于对颗粒污泥理化性质、功能菌群的空间分布规律及活性的分析,系统阐述了影响亚硝化稳定的关键因素.结果表明,通过协同调控进水氨氮负荷(NLR)和溶解氧(DO)水平等参数,亚硝化成功实现并可维持稳定,亚硝积累率达80%以上.所得亚硝化颗粒污泥为棕黄色,呈现出光滑、饱满的椭球形或球形,颗粒表面微生物以球菌为主;颗粒平均粒径1.3 mm,平均沉降速率为71.3 m·h-1.批次试验显示,颗粒污泥(粒径>0.8 mm)中存在明显的成层分布结构,氨氧化细菌(AOB)主要占据颗粒表层空间,而亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(NOB)主要分布在颗粒内部;絮体或小粒径污泥(粒径<0.8 mm)与颗粒污泥(粒径>0.8 mm)呈现出不同的微生物空间分布特征.在颗粒污泥反应器中,良好的硝化菌群分层结构、较高的出水氨氮浓度(15~33 mg·L-1)或较低的DO/NH+4-N(0.08~0.15)是亚硝化实现过程中的关键影响因素.  相似文献   

9.
异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌脱氮同时降解苯酚特性   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
研究了异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌Diaphorobacter sp. PDB3去除氨氮同时降解苯酚的特性.在最佳碳氮比7和摇床转速160r/min下,该菌在21h内对初始浓度365mg/L苯酚的降解率达94.9%,总有机碳去除率达90.8%,同时40mg N/L氨氮被完全去除,中间代谢物硝态氮和亚硝态氮逐渐积累并在后期降低.氮平衡分析表明,52.3%的氨氮转化为胞内氮,37.2%转化为氮气,菌株主要通过细胞同化作用和异养硝化-好氧反硝化作用去除氨氮.检测到羟胺氧化酶、硝酸还原酶及亚硝酸还原酶活性,表明菌株PDB3具有完整的异养硝化-好氧反硝化偶联途径.随着苯酚浓度升高,抑制作用增强,脱氮效率降低.  相似文献   

10.
SBR法去除有机物、硝化和反硝化过程中pH变化规律   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
为实现SBR法脱氮在线模糊控制 ,以啤酒废水为研究对象 ,通过不同进水氨氮浓度和不同进水有机物浓度的试验 ,研究了SBR法去除有机物、硝化和反硝化过程中pH的变化规律。试验结果表明在有机物去除过程中pH呈现大幅上升的现象 ;有机物去除结束时pH停止上升 ,随着硝化反应的进行pH不断下降直至反应结束 ,然后pH突然快速上升或维持不变。在反硝化过程中 ,pH不断上升直至反硝化结束出现转折点 ,然后持续下降 ,指示反硝化已经结束。不同进水氨氮浓度和进水有机物浓度的试验进一步验证了pH特征点的重现性 ,可以作为SBR法去除有机物、硝化和反硝化的模糊控制参数  相似文献   

11.
为研究4种抗生素(四环素、土霉素、磺胺甲恶唑和磺胺甲基嘧啶)对好氧污泥活性的单独作用及相互作用关系,以氧摄取速率(OUR)作为衡量指标,设计正交试验,测定4种抗生素对好氧污泥的单独和联合抑制效果.结果表明,4种抗生素单独使用对好氧污泥OUR抑制大小顺序为四环素>土霉素>磺胺甲恶唑>磺胺甲基嘧啶;其中四环素和土霉素毒性较高;联合作用下,对好氧污泥OUR影响最大的因素是四环素,之后依次是土霉素、磺胺甲恶唑和磺胺甲基嘧啶,4种抗生素对好氧污泥OUR抑制作用大小顺序与单独抑制作用大小顺序基本相同.其中四环素表现出显著抑制作用(p<0.05).四环素类抗生素和磺胺类抗生素联合使用表现出一定的相加关系,对目标微生物存在一定的竞争;两种磺胺类抗生素一级交互作用为拮抗关系.  相似文献   

12.
用氧吸收速率(OUR)表征活性污泥硝化活性的研究   总被引:52,自引:7,他引:52  
研究了用氧吸收速率(OxygenUptakeRate,简称OUR)表征活性污泥硝化活性的方法.利用生物抑制剂丙烯基硫脲(alylthiourea,简称ATU)和氯酸钠(NaClO3)可以选择性地抑制亚硝酸细菌和硝酸细菌的活性.通过测量不同时间的OUR,可以分别计算出污泥的亚硝化活性和硝化活性.结果表明:该方法的测量结果与实际反应器中的硝化反应情况相当一致.该方法简单易行,快速方便,适用于硝化系统中硝化活性的测量.  相似文献   

13.
Biological degradation of dissolved organic matter(DOM) regulates its structure and fate in river ecosystems. Previous views suggested that labile components were dominantly consumed by microbial metabolism. Here we provide new observations that a part of recalcitrant compounds largely contribute to riverine DOM biodegradation. The excitationemission matrix fluorescent spectroscopy combined with peak picking and parallel factor analysis are used to explore component variability during DOM incuba...  相似文献   

14.
滏阳河水系沉积物硝化速率分布及溶解氧的限制效应   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6  
王超  单保庆  赵钰 《环境科学学报》2015,35(6):1735-1740
滏阳河水系低溶氧、高氨氮污染特征突出,本研究通过硝化速率分析,揭示了高度氧亏条件下溶解氧对河流硝化过程的限制效应,并测定了滏阳河水系表层沉积物潜在硝化速率和表面硝化速率.结果发现,滏阳河水系表层沉积物潜在硝化速率在0.001~0.038μmol·h-1·g-1之间,表面硝化速率在3~143μmol·h-1·m-2之间,高值样点均出现在汪洋沟及洨河下游区域,低值样点均出现在汪洋沟上游、邢台牛尾河和滏阳河衡水段.滏阳河水系沉积物潜在硝化速率水平较高,中值高达0.103μmol·h-1·g-1,高于绝大多数文献报道结果;但表面硝化速率处于较低水平,中值仅为38μmol·h-1·m-2,低于大部分文献报道结果.表面硝化速率与潜在硝化速率水平的显著差异表明,滏阳河水系的低氧问题导致沉积物硝化潜力难以充分发挥,沉积物硝化过程受到溶解氧的限制.研究表明,提高水体复氧能力,增加河流溶解氧含量是滏阳河氨氮污染控制的基本对策.  相似文献   

15.
Landfilling municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residue alkalizes the waste layer, causing a subsequent decrease in microbial activity and a delay in the decomposition of organic matter. In this study, efficiencies of neutralization of the leachate and organic matter decomposition in the waste layer in a column filled with MSWI residue using aeration and compost addition were evaluated.Total organic carbon (TOC) reduction in the waste layer is large at high oxygen flow rate (OFR). To effectively accelerate TOC reduction in the waste layer to which compost was added, a high OFR exceeding that by natural ventilation was required. At day 65, the pH of the leachate when OFR was above 102mol-O2/(day·m3) was lower than that when OFR was below 101mol-O2/(day·m3). At the same OFR, the pH of waste sample was lower than that of waste sample with compost. Although leachate neutralization could be affected by compost addition, TOC reduction in the waste layer became rather small. It is possible that humic substances in compost prevent the decomposition of TOC in MSWI residue.  相似文献   

16.
Carbon source is a critical constraint on nutrient removal in domestic wastewater treatment. However, the functions of particulate organic matter (POM) and some organics with high molecular weight (HMW) are overlooked in the conventional process, as they cannot be directly assimilated into cells during microbial metabolism. This further aggravates the problem of carbon source shortage and thus affects the effluent quality. Therefore, to better characterize organic matter (OM) based MW distribution, microfiltration/ultrafiltration/nanofiltration (MF/UF/NF) membranes were used in parallel to fractionate OM, which obtained seven fractions. Hydrolysis acidification (HA) was adopted to manipulate the MW distribution of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and further explore the correlation between molecular size and biodegradability. Results showed that HA pretreatment of wastewater not only promoted transformation from POM to DOM, but also boosted biodegradability. After 8 hr of HA, the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased by 65%, from the initial value of 20.25 to 33.48 mg/L, and the biodegradability index (BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand)/SCOD (soluble chemical oxygen demand)) increased from 0.52 to 0.74. Using MW distribution analysis and composition optimization, a new understanding on the characteristics of organics in wastewater was obtained, which is of importance to solving low C/N wastewater treatment in engineering practice.  相似文献   

17.
This study investigated the chlorination of Microcystis aeruginosa extracellular organic matter(EOM) solutions under different conditions, to determine how the metabolites produced by these organisms affect water safety and the formation of assimilable organic carbon(AOC). The effects of chlorine dosages, coagulant dosage, reaction time and temperature on the formation of AOC were investigated during the disinfection of M.aeruginosa metabolite solutions. The concentration of AOC followed a decreasing and then increasing pattern with increasing temperature and reaction time. The concentration of AOC decreased and then increased with increasing chlorination dosage, followed by a slight decrease at the highest level of chlorination. However, the concentration of AOC decreased continuously with increasing coagulant dosage. The formation of AOC can be suppressed under appropriate conditions. In this study, chlorination at 4 mg/L, combined with a coagulant dose of 40 mg/L at 20°C over a reaction time of 12 hr, produced the minimum AOC.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this research was to quantify the temporal variation of dissolved organic matter(DOM) in five distinct waterbodies in watersheds with diverse types of land use and land cover in the presence and absence of sunlight. The water bodies were an agricultural pond, a lake in a forested watershed, a man-made reservoir, an estuary, and a bay. Two sets of samples were prepared by dispensing unfiltered samples into filtered samples in 1:10 ratio(V/V). The first set was exposed to sunlight(10 hr per day for 30 days) for examining the combined effect of photo-biodegradation, while the second set was stored in dark for examining biodegradation alone. Spectroscopic measurements in tandem with multivariate statistics were used to interpret DOM lability and composition. The results suggest that the agricultural pond behaved differently compared to other study locations during degradation experiments due to the presence of higher amount of microbial humic-like and protein-like components derived from microbial/anthropogenic sources. For all samples, a larger decrease in dissolved organic carbon(DOC) concentration(10.12% ±9.81% for photo-biodegradation and 6.65% ± 2.83% for biodegradation) and rapid transformation of DOM components(i.e., terrestrial humic-like components into microbial humic and protein-like components) were observed during photo-biodegradation experiments.Results suggest that sunlight facilitated DOM biodegradation, resulting in simpler recalcitrant molecules regardless of original composition. Overall, it was found that combined effects of light and bacteria are more efficient than bacterial effects alone in remineralizing and altering DOM, which highlights the crucial importance of sunlight in transforming aquatic DOM.  相似文献   

19.
Introduction D istillery w astew ater m ainly includes spent w ash, w hich is one of the m ost com plex, troublesom e industrial organic effluents. This kind of w astew ater has previously been treated aerobically after dilution w ith other w ash w aters.…  相似文献   

20.
为揭示城市不同污染水平河流有机质降解能力的差异,以合肥市十五里河、关镇河和板桥河为对象,选择速生杨(Populus tomentosa Carr.)凋落叶为实验材料,将其装入尼龙网袋并放置于河流水体底部.根据实验前后粗、细网眼尼龙网袋中凋落叶无灰干重,估算有机质降解速率,识别主要环境影响因素.结果 表明:①水质状况较好...  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号