日本促进可持续消费经验的启示

日本相对丰富的促进可持续消费经验对我国正在大力推动绿色生活方式的形成有较好的参考价值。本文介绍了日本循环社会法律框架下循环再生利用法和绿色采购促进法对促进可持续消费的作用,以及可持续消费的最新实践活动,并从循环再生利用法律法规建立、深化公共绿色采购评估、发布面向普通消费者产品清单、建立消费者发声通道、提升消费者意识、促进消费者导向管理等方面提出对我国推动绿色消费的启示。     

关于落实我国绿色采购制度的思考

绿色采购目前已成为国际上公共机构优化产业结构及转变经济增长的方式。中国绿色采购制度的落实能发挥公共机构集中采购的规模效益，对社会发展、经济建设具有强大的导向作用，并可引导社会绿色消费和推动经济和社会可持续发展。本文介绍了一些发达国家绿色采购的发展历程和成功经验，分析了我国绿色采购的现状，对今后落实发展绿色采购制度提出了相应的对策和建议。     

辽宁省城市公共体育设施空间分布特征与形成机制

运用变异系数、集中化指数、泰尔指数、综合公平指数模型,分析了辽宁省城市公共体育设施空间分布特征及形成机制.结果表明,辽宁省城市公共体育设施空间分布区域差异特征显著,城市公共体育设施空间布局的综合公平程度总体较低,影响辽宁省城市公共体育设施空间分布格局形成和演变的因素较多,主要包括历史因素、经济发展与布局、消费水平、地方政府重视程度、大型体育赛事的承办和制度政策等因素.     

"环境标志"入主政府采购清单

政府采购制度是约束政府机关和公共机构运用市场竞争机制采购货物、工程和服务以实现公共职能的制度.政府采购制度作为公共财政体系管理中的一项重要内容,是市场经济国家管理直接支出的一项基本手段.所谓"政府绿色采购",就是在政府采购中着意选择那些符合国家绿色标准的产品和服务.     

高校集中采购权力的监督与制约

高校实行集中采购,将竞争机制引入了公共支出使用过程,有利于提高资金的使用效益,但由于资金数额大,权力过于集中,为了避免在反腐败的同时产生新的问题,必须加强对采购权力的监控。     

基于复制动态进化博弈的旅游资源可持续利用研究CSSCI

旅游资源是一种特殊的公共池塘资源,其开发利用具有非排他性和竞争性。基于进化博弈理论视角,构建资源动态模型和复制者动态模型,描述了资源动态和群体动态的均衡状态,分析了资源存量和群体构成同时演化时形成的复合系统动态的均衡点及其影响因素,探讨旅游资源作为一种特殊的公共池塘资源如何实现可持续利用。研果表明:1资源动态对确定均衡结果起着重要作用;2存在异质稳定均衡,即合作者和不合作者同时存在,从而使旅游资源作为公共池塘资源实现可持续开发成为可能;3社会获益、市场条件、市场价格、资源增长率、技术和利益主体的数量等是影响稳定均衡的重要因素。     

欧盟中国城市可持续采购项目启动会在秦皇岛召开

欧盟亚洲可持续生产与消费（Switch Asia Programme）支持项目。“欧盟中国城市可持续采购项目”启动会2009年4月21日至23日在秦皇岛召开。会议由中国环境管理干部学院主办，由项目合作方承办。项目合作方有德国乌泊塔尔气候能源环境研究所、联合国环境署可持续生产与消费中心、中国环境管理干部学院、南开大学、兰州市环境保护局、     

Fuzzy聚类分析在评估环境影响方面的应用——评估环境质量指数的一个辅助方法

1 前言过去,全世界科学工作者对环境影响评估方法学的研究已做了许多工作。1964年,当 Horton 第一次将该方法应用于评估水质指数后,使该方法得到了进一步的充实和发展。研究人员面对众多的参数,最关健的是选准表征环境的参数,对监测到的数据进行科学地筛选,以获得正确的信息。因此,被测定环境质量的空间模型能客观地反映其特征,精确地预测到有关项目可能对环境带来的影响。     

绿色环球的绿色指数

绿色环球指数涵盖所有的行业部门。通过倡导绿色旅游、绿色消费、绿色采购,绿色环球指数将从服务业延伸至其供应链,并进一步辐射至几乎所有的产业部门。     

西图以绿色科技助力中美环保及新能源经济合作与发展

总部位于美国科罗拉州丹佛市的西图公司是一家雇员所有制企业，是为政府、公共、产业和能源等客户提供包括规划、工程设计、采购、建筑施工、运营和维护等全方位服务的全球性领先企业。     

Tensions between Fiscal Accountability Policy and Collaborative Management Implementation in State Wildlife Agencies

Exploration of collaborative management implementation at two state wildlife agencies (SWAs) found that government fiscal accountability requirements create tensions that negatively impact collaborative plan implementation. Interview-derived insights highlight state policy misalignments between the support of collaborative governance and the application of governmental accountability controls. Tensions from this misalignment can negatively impact implementation and disrupt relationships among the SWA management staff, their partners, and their procurement staff. Rather than working as a part of a unified state interest to implement collaborative governance, procurement processes function as an internal regulatory authority that addresses different state policies. Informant comments identify dissimilar tension levels within the two SWAs, potentially due to the organizational location of procurement staffs. Confirmation of the influence of an SWA procurement staff organizational location on collaborative implementation requires further investigation. Tensions identified here likely exist in other natural resource management agencies and represent an understudied aspect of governmental collaborative management capacity often overlooked in collaborative planning and management scholarship.     

林产品绿色政府采购的理论机理和影响分析

林产品绿色政府采购是世界森林保护领域的新兴议题,有其独特的理论机理,是政府环境管理职能在公共财政支出上的体现,旨在通过控制终端市场需求市场达到引导供应商经营取向的目的。发达国家实施的林产品绿色政府采购已对社会经济实体产生了影响,但客观上也成为新型的贸易壁垒。     

Green procurement in the Asian public sector and the Hong Kong private sector

Since the 1980s, green purchasing/green procurement has increasingly been recognised as an effective means of addressing and reducing negative environmental impacts related to product production and consumption around the world. This paper reviews the procurement practices and policies of five Asian countries and Hong Kong, in the context of an international overview of green purchasing and practices. The extent of government involvement in green procurement is found to directly determine its overall effectiveness, and up-to-date information resources clearly enhance delivery and performance. A case study in Hong Kong demonstrates how public leadership on green procurement has advanced green procurement in the private sector.     

What drives plan implementation? Plans,planning agencies and developers

This article investigates the determinants of plan implementation by applying a recently‐developed Plan Implementation Evaluation methodology. The lack of methodology to assess the implementation of plans has so far precluded any systematic analysis of the determinants of the implementation of local environmental plans. The article focuses on the implementation of plans in New Zealand. The key factors of implementation are: the quality of the plan; the capacity and commitment of land developers to implement plans; the capacity and commitment of the staff and leadership of planning agencies to implement plans; and the interactions between developers and the agency. The analysis is based on 353 permits implementing six local environmental plans in New Zealand, and on surveys of the developers who obtained the permits and of the planning agencies that granted the permits. The analysis finds that plan implementation is mainly driven by the resources of the planning agencies and by the quality of the plans, rather than by the characteristics of developers. Investments in plan writing and agency and staff capacity building thus improve the implementation of plans in the long‐run.     

林产品绿色政府采购内涵及衡量标准分析

林产品绿色政府采购是世界森林保护的新兴议题,一些发达国家已开始实施.分析了林产品绿色政府采购的内涵、合法性和可持续性标准的定义,以及在实践过程中的具体操作方法,认为林产品绿色政府采购虽然为解决森林可持续经营问题提供了新的思路,但是在实践中却可能导致负面效应,客观上成为发达国家新的木材贸易壁垒.     

Green procurement in Norway; a survey of practices at the municipal and county level

Consumer pressure is usually considered as one of the major drivers for more environmental friendly products. During the last decade an increasing focus on public procurement has emerged as an important contributor to that pressure. In this paper we focus on the role of municipalities and counties in green public procurement. Based on surveys we investigate to what degree green public procurement is implemented in Norwegian municipalities and counties and which capabilities are critical for successful green procurement. We both investigate to what degree environmental information is requested in call for tenders and also to what degree the information is actually used in the final selection of supplier. The information gathered from the municipalities and counties is compared with information obtained from potential suppliers to see if suppliers and purchasers agree on the importance of environmental demands in the selection of suppliers.     

Using public procurement to achieve social outcomes

The use of public procurement to achieve social outcomes is widespread, but detailed information about how it operates is often sketchy and difficult to find. This article is essentially a mapping exercise, describing the history and current use of government contracting as a tool of social regulation, what the author calls the issue of ‘linkage’. The article considers the popularity of linkage in the 19^th century in Europe and North America, particularly in dealing with issues of labour standards and unemployment. The use of linkage expanded during the 20^th century, initially to include the provision of employment opportunities to disabled workers. During and after World War II, the use of linkage became particularly important in the United States in addressing racial equality, in the requirements for non‐discrimination in contracts, and in affirmative action and set‐asides for minority businesses. Subsequently, the role of procurement spread both in its geographical coverage and in the subject areas of social policy that it was used to promote. The article considers examples of the use of procurement to promote equality on the basis of ethnicity and gender drawn from Malaysia, South Africa, Canada, and the European Community. More recently, procurement has been used as an instrument to promote human rights transnationally, also by international organizations such as the International Labour Organisation. The article includes some reflections on the relationship between ‘green’ procurement, ‘social’ procurement, and sustainable development, and recent attempts to develop the concept of ‘sustainable procurement.’     

Protecting the environment through public procurement: The case of South Africa

This article deals with the use of the procurement or purchasing power of governments to protect the environment. The focus is on South Africa and the aim is to show that South African organs of state can use procurement as an environmental policy tool to contribute to sustainable development as they have commendably done so to address past discriminatory policies and practices. It is argued that such use does not fall outside the current legislative framework governing procurement and suggestions are made as to how environmental considerations could be incorporated throughout the procurement process, namely the preparatory stage; the drawing up of tender or technical specifications; ensuring the capability or responsibility of contractors; the use of criteria to compare different tenders; and ensuring that eventual performance under a contract is environmentally sound.     

An End-Users Oriented Methodology for Enhancing the Integration of Knowledge on Soil–Water-Sediment Systems in River Basin Management: An Illustration from the AquaTerra Project

Research results in environmental and socio-economic sciences are often under-used by stakeholders involved in the management of natural resources. To minimise this gap, the FP6 EU interdisciplinary project AquaTerra (AT) developed an end-users’ integration methodology in order to ensure that the data, knowledge and tools related to the soil–water-sediment system that were generated by the project were delivered in a meaningful way for end-users, thus improving their uptake. The methodology and examples of its application are presented in this paper. From the 408 project deliverables, 96 key findings were identified, 53 related to data and knowledge, and 43 describing advanced tools. River Basin Management (RBM) stakeholders workshops identified 8 main RBM issues and 25 specific stakeholders’ questions related to RBM which were classified into seven groups of cross-cutting issues, namely scale, climate change, non-climatic change, the need for systemic approaches, communication and participation, international and inter-basin coordination and collaboration, and the implementation of the Water Framework Directive. The integration methodology enabled an assessment of how AT key findings meet stakeholders’ demands, and for each main RBM issue and for each specific question, described the added-value of the AT project in terms of knowledge and tools generated, key parameters to consider, and recommendations that can be made to stakeholders and the wider scientific community. Added value and limitations of the integration methodology and its outcomes are discussed and recommendations are provided to further improve integration methodology and bridge the gaps between scientific research data and their potential uptake by end-users.