耐热杜鹃花种质及其在暖热地区栽培研究进展

本文对国内外低海拔炎热地区培育耐热杜鹃花的研究和报道进行了综述,海外筛选出微笑杜鹃、猴头杜鹃等23种杜鹃花用于培育耐热常绿杜鹃,采用大颗粒有机物或无机物为生长介质,高苗床或二重底的方式栽培杜鹃花,国内的研究结果同海外略有差异.此外,简要描述了部分杜鹃花的特性,以期为国内耐热杜鹃的培育和研究提供参考.     

三种不同生长调节剂对杜鹃光合特性的影响

选择三种不同生长调节剂,研究不同生长调节剂对杜鹃光合特性的影响,采用5个浓度梯度的IAA、GA_3、NAA对叶片进行喷洒处理,并进行不同时间、不同梯度的光合因子和光合-光响应曲线测定,使用叶子飘直角双曲线修正模型对光响应数据进行曲线拟合.结果表明:不同生长调节剂及浓度梯度对杜鹃植株产生的效果和影响各有差异.GA_3作为常用生长调节剂,提升净光合速率的效果优于IAA和NAA,更有利于营养物质在植株体内合成和转化,研究结果可为杜鹃花期调控技术提供参考依据.     

杜鹃红山茶的光响应特性及其最适模型筛选

杜鹃红山茶(Camellia azalea)是我国特有的山茶原生种,仅见于广东省阳春市鹅凰嶂自然保护区内,其树形优美、四季开花,在园林绿化中具有广泛的应用。鉴于当前对杜鹃红山茶光响应曲线模型的适合性尚未见报道,本研究选用二次多项式回归模型、直角双曲线模型、非直角双曲线模型、直角双曲线修正模型、指数模型和指数改进模型对杜鹃红山茶叶片光响应曲线进行拟合,探讨不同光响应模型对杜鹃红山茶光合特性的适用性,筛选最佳光响应模型。结果表明,杜鹃红山茶叶片光合速率与光强之间存在非线性关系,直角双曲线修正模型的拟合效果最佳;对光响应曲线实测值与拟合值比较,发现二次多项式模型的拟合值与实测值相差较大,而其余5种模型的拟合值与实测值较为接近,但只有直角双曲线修正模型的拟合曲线出现光抑制现象;在各拟合曲线的光合参数中,只有直角双曲线修正模型拟合的P_(max)、I_(sat)、I_c、R_d值与实测值较吻合,相关系数R~2值最大,为0.998;利用直角双曲线修正模型拟合出杜鹃红山茶叶片最大净光合速率(P_(max))为5.56μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),饱和光强(I_(sat))为1327.30μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),光补偿点(I_c)为29.44μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),暗呼吸速率(R_d)为1.909μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),初始量子效率(α)为0.065,光合参数值表明,杜鹃红山茶具有较强的光能利用能力,符合阳生喜光植物的特性,同时又具有一定的耐荫能力,对光照的适应范围较宽。     

《湖南生态科学学报》稿约

正征稿范围主要刊载种群生态学、污染生态学、民族生态学、海洋生态学、水文生态学、旅游生态学、人类生态学、城市生态学、景观生态学、长期生态学及生态文明与教育领域研究中具有创造性的学术论文、研究进展。对于省部级及以上科研资助项目的析出论文,本刊优先录用。来稿要求 1.标题:应≤20字,标题是文章内容的高度提炼,一般情况下不要使用标点符号与助词,少用连词及外来语缩写,同类限定条件不宜多级。2.作者:一般不要超过5位,通讯作者须注明。3.作者单位:方便学报邮寄,请具体到二级部门。     

湖南野生鹿角杜鹃资源的园林应用价值开发初探

在简述鹿角杜鹃的生长、生态习性及自然分布的基础上,针对目前湖南野生鹿角杜鹃资源的种质资源开发、引种驯化、栽培繁殖现状,重点阐述野生鹿角杜鹃资源在园林应用上的开发利用措施,旨在保护野生资源、合理开发利用,以期增加园林植物多样性．参12．     

《湖南生态科学学报》稿约

正征稿范围主要刊载种群生态学、污染生态学、民族生态学、海洋生态学、水文生态学、旅游生态学、人类生态学、城市生态学、景观生态学、长期生态学及生态文明与教育领域研究中具有创造性的学术论文、研究进展。对于省部级及以上科研资助项目的析出论文,本刊优先录用。来稿要求1.标题:应≤20字,标题是文章内容的高度提炼,一般情况下不要使用标点符号与助词,少用连词及外来语缩写,同类限定条件不宜多级。     

《湖南生态科学学报》稿约

正征稿范围主要刊载种群生态学、污染生态学、民族生态学、海洋生态学、水文生态学、旅游生态学、人类生态学、城市生态学、景观生态学、长期生态学及生态文明与教育领域研究中具有创造性的学术论文、研究进展。对于省部级及以上科研资助项目的析出论文,本刊优先录用。来稿要求1.标题:应≤20字,标题是文章内容的高度提炼,一般情况下不要使用标点符号与助词,少用连词及外来语缩写,同类限定条件不宜多级。     

《湖南生态科学学报》稿约

<正>征稿范围主要刊载种群生态学、污染生态学、民族生态学、海洋生态学、水文生态学、旅游生态学、人类生态学、城市生态学、景观生态学、长期生态学及生态文明与教育领域研究中具有创造性的学术论文、研究进展。对于省部级及以上科研资助项目的析出论文,本刊优先录用。来稿要求1.标题:应蕊20字,标题是文章内容的高度提炼,一般情况下不要使用标点符号与助词,少用连词及外来语缩写,同类限定条件不宜多级。     

城市生态学基本原理的探讨

城市生态学是一门正在发展中的生态学分支,因其产生历史较短,而尚未形成一套成熟的理论体系和研究方法.本文试图应用生态学基本原理来探讨城市生态系统的性质和特点,初步提出了城市生态学的一些原理和研究城市生态系统的指导原则,并提出了环境承载力—人类社会行为和生态环境之间的界面在城市生态系统研究的地位和作用.     

丝状细菌污泥膨胀的FISH探针研究进展

在活性污泥法处理污水的工艺中,丝状细菌的过度繁殖常引起大量的泡沫并引发污泥膨胀.该现象的发生导致二沉池的污泥不能有效地沉淀,并大量流出,影响了污水处理厂的正常操作.本文综述了引起污泥膨胀发生的7大类潜在丝状细菌及其相关生理生态学特性;列举了国内外现有的潜在丝状细菌的FISH探针及其相关的杂交条件.目前,在活性污泥丝状细菌的分类鉴定、胞外酶、细胞表面特性和相关生态生理学特性方面,荧光原位杂交(Fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术均起到重要的作用,而国内相关的研究很少.设计特异性的FISH探针,并以此进行定量荧光原位杂交,将是国内污泥膨胀问题未来研究的重点方向之一.表7参57     

论生态园林及其建设的基本原则

生态园林是城市绿地建设的新思维,也是生态学具体应用的实践.生态园林建设应遵循生态优先、物种多样性保护和重建、因地制宜、处理好种间关系、建立群落自维持机制、重视生态文化内涵等六要素.     

安康湿地综合生态产业园规划

针对当前城市中各类湿地在经济建设浪潮中,受城市扩张的影响而逐步退缩、湿地内部生境破碎化愈益严重的局面,以安康市湿地公园为例,引入多种生态技术、结合造园手法,探寻一种兼顾湿地生态效益与城市社会经济效益的多元化利用模式。     

论城市河道整治与景观生态设计

针对城市河道整治中存在的一些问题,阐述了城市河道整治的原则,提出城市河道整治要考虑景观生态,设计中要遵循安全性、自然性、生态性、观赏性、亲水性、文化性等原则。在此基础上,重点介绍了河道形态景观、堤岸景观和河道附属景观的设计内容。     

Ecology, management and monitoring of grey dunes in Flanders

Grey dunes are a priority habitat type of the European Union Habitats Directive and demand special attention for conservation and management. Knowledge of the ecology of coastal grey dunes can contribute to this policy. Dune grassland succession is initiated by fixation and driven by the complex of soil formation (humus accumulation) and vegetation development. Leaching and mobilization of CaCO₃. which are important in nutrient dynamics, complicate the picture. At present, grass- and scrub encroachment greatly overrules these fine scaled soil processes and causes substantial loss of regional biodiversity. Belgium has an international responsibility in grey dune conservation because of the limited range of its characteristic vegetation, flora and fauna. As biomass removal seems essential in grassland preservation, grazing is an important management tool. Evaluation of management measures focuses on biodiversity measurements on the levels of landscape, community and species.     

Resolving whether botanic gardens are on the road to conservation or a pathway for plant invasions

A global conservation goal is to understand the pathways through which invasive species are introduced into new regions. Botanic gardens are a pathway for the introduction of invasive non‐native plants, but a quantitative assessment of the risks they pose has not been performed. I analyzed data on the living collections of over 3000 botanic gardens worldwide to quantify the temporal trend in the representation of non‐native species; the relative composition of threatened, ornamental, or invasive non‐native plant species; and the frequency with which botanic gardens implement procedures to address invasive species. While almost all of the world's worst invasive non‐native plants occurred in one or more living collections (99%), less than one‐quarter of red‐listed threatened species were cultivated (23%). Even when cultivated, individual threatened species occurred in few living collections (7.3), while non‐native species were on average grown in 6 times as many botanic gardens (44.3). As a result, a botanic garden could, on average, cultivate four times as many invasive non‐native species (20) as red‐listed threatened species (5). Although the risk posed by a single living collection is small, the probability of invasion increases with the number of botanic gardens within a region. Thus, while both the size of living collections and the proportion of non‐native species cultivated have declined during the 20th century, this reduction in risk is offset by the 10‐fold increase in the number of botanic gardens established worldwide. Unfortunately, botanic gardens rarely implement regional codes of conduct to prevent plant invasions, few have an invasive species policy, and there is limited monitoring of garden escapes. This lack of preparedness is of particular concern given the rapid increase in living collections worldwide since 1950, particularly in South America and Asia, and highlights past patterns of introduction will be a poor guide to determining future invasion risks.     

Fragrant legs in Paysandisia archon males (Lepidoptera, Castniidae)

Paysandisia archon was accidentally introduced into Europe where it damages endemic and ornamental palms, also threatening the date palm from North Africa. Little was known about sex pheromones in the Castniidae day-flying moth before a recent paper that concluded on the absence of female sex pheromone in P. archon. A putative identification of a short-range male pheromone, present on fore- and hindwings, was reported. In this paper, we describe the original structure of the male androconia located on the tarsi of the mid-legs. The extracts of mid-legs were analysed by GC/MS and the chemical structure of the male androconia component was identified as E2,Z13-18:OH. After extraction in solvent, biological activity of the extracts was assessed by EAG. The chemistry and the morphology of the androconia reinforce the current classification of the Castniidae in the Cossoid/Sesioid assemblage and provide new information on the chemical ecology in day-flying Lepidoptera and suit the recent paper describing the courtship behaviour     

试论传统园林艺术风格形成的影响因素

中国园林以自然风景式的风格著称于世,其发展过程中受到诸多因素的影响.该文以中国传统园林风格为案例,从客观因素和主观因素分析中国传统造园艺术风格形成的影响因素,以期引发对创造现代园林风格的思考.     

Kohäsive Feinpartikel in fluvialen Systemen: einige Gedanken zu Erkenntnissen und Forschungsdefiziten

Fluvial cohesive sediment is of fundamental environmental and multidisciplinary concern owing to its significant impact on energy, nutrient and trace element fluxes, river sediment budgets as well as habitat quality. Consequently, numerous studies in geomorphology, hydraulics, hydrology and river ecology accentuate the importance of fluvial fine grained sediment. Increased deposition of fine grained particles for instance can negatively effect benthic habitats. Settling velocity and deposition rates of fines are key terms in sediment transport models. Thus, the knowledge of transport and quantitative deposition dynamics are necessary prerequisites for a sustainable sediment and habitat management as well as a reliable, physically based modelling of fine sediment conveyance and contaminant transfer in streams. However, it is generally a challenging task to characterise and trace fine-grained particle transport, deposition and resuspension dynamics in a fluvial environment. One inherent complexity of fluvial cohesive sediment dynamics is for instance the relevance of interparticle forces and flocculation/aggregation processes. Owing to this complexity and the lack of standardized methods cohesive particle transport mechanisms are hardly predictable in a specific field situation. Consequently, interdisciplinary research approaches are needed. This article discusses specific findings and research gaps in the field of cohesive sediment research.     

Influence of fertilizer and sewage sludge compost on yield and heavy metal accumulation by lettuce grown in urban soils

Previous research has demonstrated that many urban soils are enriched in Pb, Cd and Zn. Culture of vegetable crops in these soils could allow transfer of potentially toxic metals to foods. Tanya lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was grown in pots of five urban garden soils and one control agricultural soil to assess the effect of urban-soil metal enrichment, and the effect of soil amendments, on heavy metal uptake by garden vegetables. The amendments included NPK fertilizer, limestone, Ca(H₂PO₄)₂, and two rates of limed sewage sludge compost. Soil Cd ranged from 0.08 to 9.6 mg kg^–1; soil Zn from 38 to 3490 mg kg^–1; and soil Pb from 12 to 5210 mg kg^–1. Lettuce yield on the urban garden soils was as great as or greater than that on the control soil. Lettuce Cd, Zn and Pb concentrations increased from 0.65, 23, and 2.2 mg kg^–1 dry matter in the control soil to as high as 3.53, 422 and 37.0 mg kg^–1 on the metal-rich urban garden soils. Adding limestone or limed sewage sludge compost raised soil pH and significantly reduced lettuce Cd and Zn, while phosphate fertilizer lowered soil pH and had little effect on Zn but increased Cd concentration in lettuce. Urban garden soils caused a significant increase in lettuce leaf Pb concentration, especially on the highest Pb soil. Adding NPK fertilizer, phosphate, or sludge compost to two high Pb soils lowered lettuce Pb concentration, but adding limestone generally did not. On normally fertilized soils, Pb uptake by lettuce was not exceptionally high until soil Pb substantially exceeded 500 mg kg^–1. Comparing garden vegetables and soil as potential sources of Pb risk to children, it is clear that the risk is greater through ingestion of soil or dust than through ingestion of garden vegetables grown on the soil. Urban dwellers should obtain soil metal analyses before selecting garden locations to reduce Pb risk to their children.     

四川遂宁现代生态田园城市建设的研究

生态田园城市是现代城市的发展目标,已成为我国城市建设的热点.现代生态田园城市建设的关键在于建立城市生态基础设施系统,为城市可持续发展和营造宜居环境提供生态系统服务.遂宁现代生态田园城市规划将生态基础设施规划、产业发展规划、社会公共服务设施规划"三规合一",营造一个生态安全健康、生产低碳高效、生活安康富裕,社会公平和谐的美丽新城市.