完善省级土壤环境质量监督管理的思考

概述全国土壤环境质量监管体系，分析江苏省土壤环境质量监督管理现状，存在污染管理制度不完善，土壤环境监测能力不足等问题。建议建立健全相关制度、体系和规范，包括加强污染场地管理，分类制定土壤环境管理办法，建立场地土壤环境质量档案，完善土壤环境质量监测管理体系，深化土壤调查和修复，推进土壤标准研究，创新土壤环境管理制度。     

甘肃省饮用水中几种有毒有在元素的调查分析

通过对甘肃省饮用水中Ｃｄ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｒ＾＋６，Ｂｅ，Ａｓ，Ｈｇ，Ｕ等元素含量的分析调查，表明全省饮用水除个别项目超标外，基本没有受到有毒，有害元素的污染，水质符合国家饮用水卫生标准。     

兰州地区大气溶血菌的污染分布及动态变化规律的研究

在兰州地区采集７６１份样品中、分离出２９７株溶血菌，分为９个属。其菌数分布，以省建职工医院，街心花园和兰医二院较高，甘肃农业学林较低；春，冬较高，夏，秋较低；一年内３，４和元月分较高，７，８月份较低，一日内２０时，８时和１０时较高，凌晨４时，２时和深夜６时及下年１６时较低，不同高度溶血菌的变化，以２４ｍ处为最高，１２ｍ处为最低。     

一种处理含菌污水的方法

随着城市现代化程度的提高，在用水量与日俱增的同时，污水排放量也大幅度增加。除了工业废水，居民生活废水等外，还有医院，生物科研部门的含菌污水，这些污水含有数量不等。种类不同的病原微生物，有些细菌，病毒对公共卫生，人类，畜禽有很大的危害。因此这些部门的污水处理更为重要。本文就将介绍含菌污水的处理方法。     

蝲蛄中有机氯农药和重金属残留量的研究

蝲蛄中有机氯农药和重金属残留量的研究张宏才，臧道华，张群（盐城市环境监测站２２４００２）蛄（Ｃａｍｂａｒｏｉｄｅｓ），水生甲壳类，体形略似龙虾，常被误认为龙虾。八十年代以来，广为食用，在盐城地区几乎每个菜场上都有出售，但人们食用后容易犯病。因此，有必...     

PSO和SVM混合算法确定太湖入湖河流水质主要影响因子

以影响太湖入湖河流水质的24个因子值为研究对象，将PSO算法与SVM算法相结合。PSO算法用于优化SVM算法的参数c和g，以利于快速、高效地确定c和g的全局最优值；SVM算法基于最优的c和g，分别以24，21，18，15，12，9和6个因子作为特征向量预测水质的污染程度。结果表明，当特征向量为9个影响因子时预测率最高。其参数c=18.56，g=1.35，对应的预测率为：全局预测率92.59%，重度污染水质预测率88.89%，轻度污染水质预测率94.45%。因此，通过PSO和SVM混合算法，可以确定影响太湖入湖河流水质的主要因子，利用这些主要因子对水质进行预测预警，不但可以节省时间，而且可以得到精确的结果。     

煤矿废水的净化处理与工艺革新

煤矿废水主要含有硫化物，悬浮物，有机物等，直接排放会造成环境污染，通过建废水净化站，并不断进行技术革新，改造完善，优化净化工艺，做到了达标排放和废水的再利用。     

“十五”后期全国环境监测能力建设的基本思路

回顾了“九五”期间全国环境监测能力建设取得的成绩，指出“十五”后期能力建设的基本原则是：近期需求与远期发展相结合，集中力量建立优势与提高整体水平相结合，现代化监测手段与常规监测分析能力相结合，国家与地方相结合，总体规划，分步实施，网络能力建设与网络运行管理并重。总目标是：抓住大好机遇，不失时机地大力推动能力建设，以《全国环境监测站标准化建设》为基础，以空气，地表水和污染源自动监测为龙头，采用新技术，新设备和新手段，全面提高全国环境监测的现代化水平。介绍了“十五”后期能力建设的项目计划，提出了地方各级环境监测站能力建设的基本要求。     

苏州市区夜间光污染现状调查

为调查苏州市区夜间光污染现状，对苏州市区的娱乐休闲区、商业区、居住区、行政办公区及主要道路夜间光环境照度进行了测量，对夜间广告灯和标志灯数量进行了统计分析。指出，有些建设较早的小区，整体照度较低，照度不均。投光照明广告、灯箱广告以及霓虹灯广告应用广泛，光污染较为严重。提出，随着我国城市化进程的加快，光环境污染问题将会愈加突出，应尽快在技术、法规、管理与文化等多方面制订相应措施，以防为主，防治结合，促进城市光环境的良性发展。     

西北地区环境与发展的希望—浅议环境普及教育的重要作用

本文介绍了国外有计划，系统地将环境普及教育融入幼儿，小学，中学，大学教育及职工教育之中，以环境常识教育，法律道德教育，环境保护行为技能教育入手，从儿童，青少年教育抓起，从而提高全民族的环境意识与环境保护能力。     

阴离子洗涤剂分析中标准物质的比较初探

通过对用分析纯十二烷基苯磺酸钠配制成阴离子洗涤剂标准物质与国家标准十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液比较，二者无显著性差异，具有同等的效果。     

COD测定中对低浓度硫酸亚铁铵溶液标定的研究

在COD水样测定过程中,以滴定后的空白样品为介质,加入定量的重铬酸钾标准溶液对低浓度硫酸亚铁铵溶液进行标定,经校正后的标定结果显示,精密度和准确度均良好。采用此方法既省略操作步骤、节约实验试剂,同时又节省工作时间。     

电导返滴定法测定苯酚含量

向苯酚试液中加入定量过量的ＮａＯＨ标准溶液，用Ｈ３ＢＯ３标准溶液滴定过量的ＮａＯＨ，通过计算求得苯酚含量，测定下限为１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。并成功地测定了某化工厂废液中苯酚含量。     

副玫瑰苯胺无汞比色法测定空气中的甲醛

在甲醛法测定空气中二氧化硫的基础上,建立了一种测定空气中甲醛的新方法。该方法所用设备和材料与甲醛法测定空气中的二氧化硫相同,不使用含汞试剂,用亚硫酸钠固定标准溶液和吸收液中的甲醛,用氢氧化钠分解羟甲磺酸释放已被固定的甲醛,以副玫瑰苯胺和亚硫酸钠为显色剂绘制标准曲线进行定量。当采集空气30L时,检出限为0.01mgm3,最低检测浓度为0.03mgm3,适用于环境空气及室内空气中甲醛的测定。     

Application of impregnated filters to determination of smoke and ammonia

Whatman No. 1 filters impregnated with a 3% solution of oxalic acid in ethanol which are used for elimination of ammonia from the air stream before entering the absorber for collecting SO₂, were tested for a possible application (a) in the spectrophotometric determination of ammonia with Nessler's reagent and (b) in the reflectometric determination of smoke. It was shown that impregnated filters were as suitable for the determination of ammonia as absorbing solution and as applicable for smoke measurement as untreated filters. Further, the advantage of using impregnated filters for sampling ammonia lies in avoiding the interference of organic vapours which may occur, if absorbing solution is used.     

The influence of two culturing techniques on toxicity of four chemicals in Arabidopsis

Plots of Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heynh.) plants were grown in two hydroponic systems, one using a solid rooting support media (vermiculite) and the other a flowing solution culture. Both were tested with various concentrations of bromacil (5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil), dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile), copper sulfate (CuSO₄·5H₂O) and 3-aminotriazole. The effects on biomass production were compared. Plants treated with bromacil at concentrations up to 0.05 mg l^–1 were similarly reduced in growth in both culture methods. However, the toxic effects of dichlobenil, copper sulfate and 3-aminotriazole were different for both culture methods. Dichlobenil decreased plant growth in the solution culture at lower concentrations than in the vermiculite system. All aspects of growth were suppressed in the solution culture while the vegetative weight was unaffected in the vermiculite culture. Plants treated with 20 mg l^–1 copper sulfate in solution culture yielded mean seed weight of 1.2 g/plot compared to 3.1 g/plot when treated with the same concentration in the double-plot system. Plants treated with 0.5 mg l^–1 3-aminotriazole in solution culture produced no seed, while plants with the same nominal concentration in the double-pot method produced a mean seed weight of 6.5 g/plot. Solution culture testing was generally more sensitive and since roots were bathed directly in a solution of known pH, nutrient level and chemical concentration, the test conditions were more accurately defined.     

二氧化硫甲醛吸收液动态稳定性的实验研究

通过对测定大气中二氧化硫甲醛吸收液动态稳定性的研究,探讨了稳定性对２４小时连续监测（手工采样）结果的影响及采样时间、流量和吸收液用量因素对监测结果影响的理论揭示。     

Application of ANP and DEMATEL to evaluate the decision-making of municipal solid waste management in Metro Manila

A municipal solid waste management (MSW) expert group was consulted in order to mirror how government officials might reach an effective solution regarding municipal solid waste management in Metro Manila. A critical issue regarding this is how the expert group can better evaluate and select a favorable MSW management solution using a series of criteria. MSW management solution selection is a multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem, which requires the consideration of a large number of complex criteria. A robust MCDM method should consider the interactions among these criteria. The analytic network process (ANP) is a relatively new MCDM method which can deal with all kinds of interactions systematically. The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) not only can convert the relations between cause and effect of criteria into a structural model, but also can be used as a way to handle the inner dependences within a set of criteria. Hence, this paper applies an effective solution based on a combined ANP and DEMATEL method to assist the expert group evaluating different MSW management solutions. According to the results, the best solution is for each city to have its own type of thermal process technology and resource recovery facility before landfill rather than entering a joint venture with enterprises or going into build-operate-transfer projects in order to be able to construct thermal process technologies and resource recovery facilities.     

抗坏血酸溶液配制方法的改进

磷钼蓝法测定水中总磷，所用的抗坏血酸溶液很不稳定，只能保存数周。为延长抗坏血酸溶液的有效使用时间，节约试剂、提高工作效率，提出改进抗坏血酸溶液的配制方法，即在配制抗坏血酸溶液时，加入适量的EDTA和冰乙酸。经实验，该溶液贮于棕色玻璃瓶，放在冰箱中可稳定3个月，使用效果符合测定要求。     

工作场所空气中硫酸雾（SO3）的分析

采用碘量法测定工作场所空气中的三氧化硫及硫酸雾，三氧化硫及硫酸雾经中性水吸收后与碘化钾和碘酸钾反应，析出的碘与淀粉指示剂作用产生蓝色，进行比色测定。