Parameters effect on heterogeneous photocatalysed degradation of phenol in aqueous dispersion of TiO_2

In this study, photocatalytic degradation of phenol selected as model compound of organic pollutant had been investigated in aqueous titanium dioxide (TiO2) dispersion under UV irradiation. The effects of various parameters such as pH, catalyst concentration, phenol concentration, anions, metal ions, electron acceptors, and surfactants on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol were investigated. The degradation kinetics was determined by the change in phenol concentration employing UV-Vis spectrometry as a function of irradiation time. The degradation kinetics of phenol follows pseudo first-order kinetics. The results showed a significant dependence of the photocatalytic degradation of phenol on the functional parameters. The probable promising roles of the additives on the degradation process were discussed.     

二氧化钛悬浆体系中过硫酸盐对苯酚光催化降解的影响

研究了二氧化钛悬浮溶液中过硫酸盐对苯酚的吸附和光催化降解动力学的影响.在过硫酸盐浓度较低的条件下,S2 O2 - 8的加入能有效提高苯酚的光催化降解速率和表观量子产率,UV TiO2 K2 S2 O8体系下的表观量子产率大于UV TiO2 与UV K2 S2 O8两体系下表观量子产率之和;但是,当过硫酸盐浓度较高时,随着S2 O2 - 8浓度的增加,竞争性吸附加剧,二氧化钛表面的苯酚吸附量急剧减少,导致苯酚的降解速率和表观量子产率不升反降,苯酚平衡吸附量与光催化降解速率呈高度一致性.在本实验条件下,当K2 S2 O8浓度为5 0 0mg·L- 1 时表观量子产率达到最大,协同因子达0 3 9.在不同强度的入射光条件下,也能得到相似的结果.此外,讨论了pH值对不同体系TOC去除率的影响,并对在K2 S2 O8存在时TiO2 的光催化机理进行了探讨     

水相中苯酚光催化降解的全额光子效率

为定量评价光催化反应器的性能,利用主辐射波长为207 nm的KrBr*准分子灯降解水相中的苯酚,测定了光解和光催化降解2种体系中苯酚和TOC去除率,并计算了苯酚降解的ξ_g(全额光子效率),探讨了其影响因素. 结果表明:①延长反应时间、加入适量催化剂、降低初始c(苯酚)能提高苯酚和TOC去除率. 采用动力学模型对苯酚的降解进行拟合,表明光解和光催化降解体系中苯酚的降解均符合准一级动力学模型. ②加入催化剂和提高初始c(苯酚)均可以获得较高的ξ_g,而光源的辐射功率与ξ_g没有线性相关性;在辐射功率为0.76 W、初始c(苯酚)为1.10 mmol/L、催化剂投加量(以ρ计)为0.8 g/L的条件下,ξ_g为5.56%. ③采用高效液相色谱对光催化降解体系中生成的中间产物的变化规律进行研究发现,4种中间产物表现为c(对苯二酚)＞c(邻苯二酚)＞c(对苯醌)＞c(间苯二酚);通过建立苯酚及中间产物的拟一级降解动力学模型,证实苯酚光催化降解历程为苯酚→芳香烃中间产物→最终产物.      

H2O2引发的UV/Fenton苯酚光催化降解

研究了H2O2引发光催化降解方法对废水中微量苯酚的去除效果,应用传感技术分析了降解过程中H2O2浓度变化,及其H2O2引发光催化降解苯酚的机理,考察了影响苯酚光催化降解的因素,确定了最佳降解试验条件为:H2O2 0.075~0.30mmol/L,Fe3+ 0.1~0.15mmol/L,pH值 4~5.在此条件下,苯酚初始浓度为50mg/L的含酚废水反应2h,苯酚降解率达到95%,矿化去除率达77%.     

克百威光催化降解动力学的研究

采用TiO2光催化技术对克百威的降解进行了研究,并系统地考察了催化剂用量,溶液初始pH值,底物浓度,活性氧物种和各种阴阳离子对其降解动力学的影响.用Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型对克百威的光催化降解进行了研究,结果表明,克百威在弱碱性条件下降解速率最快,×OH对克百威降解贡献比约为93.4%,h+和其他ROSs的贡献则相对较小.而水溶液中的阴离子BrO3-和S2O82-对克百威的光催化降解有促进作用,I-则有明显的抑制作用,并且水溶液中的K+,Ca2+,Na+,Mg2+和Cu2+等金属阳离子对克百威的降解也均体现了一定程度的抑制作用.     

Preparation and characterization of visible-light-active nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalyst

A visible-light photocatalyst was prepared by calcination of the hydrolysis product of Ti(SO4)2 with ammonia as precipitator. The color of this photocatalyst was vivid yellow. It could absorb light under 550 nm wavelength. The crystal structure of anatase was characterized by XRD. The structure analysis result of X-ray fluorescence(XRF) shows that doped-nitrogen was presented in the sample. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated using methyl orange and phenol as model pollutants. The photocatalytic activities of samples were increasing gradually with calcination temperature from 400℃ to 700℃ under UV irradiation. It can be seen that the degradation of methyl orange follows zero-order kinetics. However, the calcination temperatures have no significant influence on the degradation of phenol under sunlight. The N-doped catalyst shows higher activity than the bare one under solar irradiation.     

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange over ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films

ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films were successfully prepared by subsequent electrodeposition of CdS and ZnO onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates. The obtained ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were investigated using methyl orange (MO) as a model organic compound under UV light irradiation. The influence of operating parameters on MO degradation including initial concentration of MO, pH value of solution, and inorganic anion species over the composite films were examined. A blue shift of absorption threshold was observed for the ITO/CdS/ZnO film in comparison with ITO/ZnO film. ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films prepared under specific conditions showed a higher photocatalytic activity than that of ITO/ZnO films. It was also found that the photocatalytic degradation of MO on the composite filing followed pseudo-first order kinetics.     

二氧化钛光催化降解双酚AF研究

系统研究了双酚AF在二氧化钛溶液中的光催化降解行为。就溶解氧、二氧化钛投加量、氟离子浓度和双酚AF的初始浓度等因素对双酚AF降解的影响进行了详细讨论。研究重点是双酚AF的降解动力学以及在降解过程中所产生的氟离子浓度。当双酚AF的初始浓度是40μmol/L时,经过540 min的光催化降解,反应体系的总有机碳去除率超过97%,此时溶液中氟离子的浓度为0.98 mg/L。双酚AF在二氧化钛溶液中的降解符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型,其降解动力学常数是1.21μmol/(L·min)。结果表明,二氧化钛光催化可以有效的去除双酚AF,并且不产生其它二次污染物。     

Roles of manganese oxides in degradation of phenol under UV-Vis irradiation: Adsorption, oxidation, and photocatalysis

The effect of crystal structure on photocatalytic activities of manganese oxides and underlying reaction mechanism were investigated.     

三氯乙烯在薄膜催化剂上的光催化降解动力学

研究了不同初始浓度三氯乙烯(TCE)在TiO₂薄膜催化剂上的光催化降解.结果表明,TCE在主波长为254nm的低压汞灯照射下易于发生光降解反应,而TiO₂薄膜催化剂能显著提高TCE的降解.光催化降解反应的伪一级速率常数随初始浓度的增加先升后降.在Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程基础上建立的光催化降解动力学模型包含了发生在薄膜催化剂表面的光催化氧化过程和发生的溶液体相的光降解过程,该动力学模型适用于表达低浓度有机物在薄膜催化剂上的光催化降解动力学.     

CTMAB/TiO_2表面修饰膨胀珍珠岩制备及降解苯酚研究

用溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)和/或TiO2对膨胀珍珠岩(EP)进行表面修饰,获得不同表面修饰膨胀珍珠岩(EP、TiO2-EP、CTMAB-EP和TiO2/CTMAB-EP)。并研究了其对水中苯酚的吸附降解动力学方程以及去除效果和影响因素。结果表明,膨胀珍珠岩对苯酚的吸附去除能力很小,CTMAB对其进行表面修饰后可小幅提高对苯酚的去除率,同时负载CTMAB和TiO2的膨胀珍珠岩对水中苯酚的去除率有很大提高;修复材料投加量、振荡时间、苯酚初始浓度和pH值等对苯酚的去除效果有较大影响;在溶液初始pH小于8时,TiO2对苯酚的光催化降解能力随pH增加而提高,强酸或强碱环境均不适合苯酚的光催化降解。在膨胀珍珠岩上同时负载CTMAB和TiO2可望成为一种高效去除环境中有机污染物的新型环境修复材料。     

TiO2光催化氧化苯酚动力学研究

以中压汞灯为光源,研究了苯酚在ＴｉＯ２水悬浮液中降解动力学,考察了苯酚在起始浓度,气相氧浓度,催化剂投加量（ＴｉＯ２）光强度以及催化剂煅烧温度对苯酚光解速率的影响,揭示了苯酚多相光催化氧化反应的特点,反应过程符合表现一级动力学规律,气相氧的影响为一级,苯酚初始浓度的影响为负一级,在一定光强度下,催化剂的投加量存在一最值值,说明有效光强度,气相氧以及催化剂投加量是光催化氧化反应的关键因素,适当地热处     

Pure and Mg-doped self-assembled ZnO nano-particles for the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol

A novel self-assembled pure and Mg doped ZnO nano-particles （NPs） were successfully synthesized by a simple low temperature co-precipitation method. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, high resolution scanning electron mi- croscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence （PL） spectroscopy. The results indicated that the prepared photocatalysts showed high crystallinity with a uniform size distribution of the NPs. The degradation of cholorphenols is highly mandatory in today＇s scenario as they are affecting the environment adversely. Thus, the photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol （4-CP）, a potent endocrine disrupting chemical in aqueous medium was investigated by both pure and Mg-doped ZnO NPs under UV-light irradiation in the present study. The influence of the Mg content on the structure, morphology, PL character and photocatalytic activity of ZnO NPs were investigated systematically. Furthermore,the effect of different parameters such as 4-CP concentration, photocatalyst amount, pH and UV-light wavelength on the resulting photocatalytic activity was investigated.     

Photocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene on soil surfaces in the presence of nanometer anatase TiO2 under UV-light

The effect of nanometer anatase TiO₂ was investigated on the photocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene on soil surfaces under a variety of conditions. After being spiked with phenanthrene, soil samples loaded with different amounts of TiO₂ (0 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 3 wt.%, and 4 wt.%) were exposed to UV-light irradiation for 25 hr. The results indicated that the photocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. TiO₂ significantly accelerated the degradation of phenanthrene with the half-life reduced from 45.90 to 31.36 hr for TiO₂ loading of 0 wt.% and 4 wt.%, respectively. In addition, the effects of H₂O₂, light intensity and humic acid on the degradation of phenanthrene were investigated. The degradation of phenanthrene increased with the concentration of H₂O₂, light intensity and the concentration of humic acids. It has been demonstrated that the photocatalytic method in the presence of nanometer anatase TiO₂ was a very promising technology for the treatments of soil polluted with organic substances in the future.     

Solar photocatalytic decomposition of two azo dyes on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/TiO2 composites

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/TiO₂ composite photocatalysts with high photoactivity were prepared by sol-gel process and further characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and UV-vis absorption spectra. Compared to pure TiO₂, the combination of MWCNTs with titania could cause a significant absorption shift toward the visible region. The photocatalytic performances of the MWCNTs/TiO₂ composite catalysts were evaluated for the decomposition of Reactive light yellow K-6G (K-6G) and Mordant black 7 (MB 7) azo dyes solution under solar light irradiation. The results showed that the addition of MWCNTs enhanced the adsorption and photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ for the degradation of azo dyes K-6G and MB 7. The effect of MWCNTs content, catalyst dosage, pH, and initial dye concentration were examined as operational parameters. The kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of two dyes was found to follow a pseudo-first-order rate law. The photocatalyst was used for seven cycles with photocatalytic degradation efficiency still higher than 98%. A plausible mechanism is also proposed and discussed on the basis of experimental results.     

流化床光催化反应器处理偶氮染料4BS废水中试研究

采用 3 0～ 40目负载型光催化剂 ,以高压汞灯为紫外光源 ,研究了偶氮染料 4BS废水在流化床光催化中试反应器中的降解 ,针对有关工艺参数和反应动力学进行了考察。结果表明 :所用中试反应器对 4BS具有较好的降解效果 ;催化剂浓度存在最佳值 ;适当增加光强及溶解氧浓度均有利于光催化降解效率的提高 ;染料 4BS溶液的光催化降解过程符合表现一级反应动力学规律 ,并且表观反应速率常数与 4BS初始浓度之间具有近似负一级的动力学关系     

纳米ZnO光催化剂的制备及性能研究

以Zn(CH3COO)2·H2O和NH4HCO3为原料,以室温固相反应和微波辐射技术相耦合的方法制备出粒径在19nm左右的ZnO光催化剂,同时以活性艳兰KN-R为模拟染料废水考察了所制备纳米ZnO的光催化性能。结果表明,所制备纳米ZnO具有良好的光催化活性,在适宜的操作条件下,活性艳兰KN-R的脱色率在96%以上,COD的去除率在69%以上。此外,在染料的浓度为30～100mg/L时,ZnO/UV体系光催化降解活性艳兰KN-R符合一级反应动力学模型。     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of fish scale loaded TiO2 composites under solar light irradiation

Fish scale (FS) loaded TiO₂ composites were investigated as photocatalysts in degradation of Methyl Orange under solar light irradiation. Composites were prepared through sol-gel method by varying mass ratio of TiO₂/FS at 90:10, 70:30 and 50:50, respectively. The catalysts prepared in this study were characterized by using XRD, SEM, FT-IR and nitrogen sorption. The effects of solar irradiation, mass ratio of TiO₂/FS composites, irradiation time and catalyst loadings were studied. Synergistic effect was found in TiO₂/FS of 90:10 composite which performed higher photocatalytic degradation than synthesized TiO₂ under solar light irradiation. However, further increasing fish scale content in the composites reduced the photocatalytic activity drastically. Under solar light irradiation, all the catalysts in this study exhibited photocatalytic activity, except TiO₂/FS of 50:50 composite that only acted as a weak biosorbent without performing any photocatalytic property. Photocatalytic degradation increased with increasing catalyst loading and irradiation time but decreased with increased of initial dye concentration.     

H_3PW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2可见光下光催化降解孔雀石绿的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2光催化剂,然后浸渍法制备出H3PW12O40/TiO2复合型光催化剂,并运用XRD、SEM、FT-IR和DRS对催化剂进行表征和分析.研究了可见光光照下H3PW12O40/TiO2对孔雀石绿降解的光催化活性,考察了浸渍量、催化剂用量、底物浓度、pH值对光催化降解率的影响.实验表明,在pH=5条件下,H3PW12O40/TiO2催化剂用量为0.3g.L-1,浓度为10mg·mL-1的孔雀石绿溶液在2L·min-1曝气、300W可见光下光照4h后光催化降解率为78%,比TiO2光催化活性提高了24%.     

超声波/铁-炭微电解协同降解苯酚

采用超声波/铁-炭微电解联用体系,以苯酚为目标污染物,考察了苯酚溶液初始pH值、初始浓度、铁屑与活性炭投加量等因素对联用体系降解苯酚效果的影响.结果表明:考察范围内,苯酚降解率随其初始浓度和溶液初始pH值的增加而降低,随铁屑与活性炭投加量的增加而升高.当苯酚初始浓度由50mg·L-1增至270mg·L-1,溶液初始pH值由3.0增至9.0时,降解率分别由91.3%和78.4%降至34.7%和50.7%;铁屑投加量为每L苯酚溶液中40g、160g和320g,铁屑与活性炭体积比均为1∶1时,降解率依次为31.8%、51.9%和72.8%.对比实验及动力学分析表明:联用体系中超声波(US)和铁-炭微电解对苯酚降解具有明显的协同作用,协同因子Ｅ＝5.12,且降解过程符合假一级动力学规律,并根据降解速率常数随各影响因素的变化关系确定了宏观动力学模型.