Rebuilding after the tsunami: getting it right

The practice of integrated coastal management (ICM) has matured sufficiently since its beginnings in the early 1980s to suggest a set of principles that could be used to guide the massive investments that will be made over the next several years to rehabilitate and reconstruct the thousands of kilometers of coastlines devastated by the 26 December 2004 tsunami. We offer six principles to guide what can be done to make coastal communities less vulnerable, to improve the conditions of the poor, and to avoid repeating the mistaken judgements that have been made in the past about how shorelines are allocated and developed. We then offer a set of five principles to guide how action plans are formulated and implemented. These stress the critical importance of tailoring principles to the unique conditions and needs of each place. The roles of national government in setting policies to guide a decentralized planning and decision-making process are distinguished from a negotiation process that engages the people of the place in a bottom-up application of ICM good practices.     

Mapping heavy metals in polluted soil by disjunctive kriging

The soil of some 50 km(2) around the town of Weinfelden in north-east Switzerland has been sampled and analysed to estimate and map the concentrations of heavy metals before an incinerator for the canton's waste is built. Given that the estimates are subject to error, the probabilities that true values exceed the maximum tolerable concentrations of the Swiss federal guide have also been estimated by disjunctive kriging. These may now be used by the local planners for making decisions. Of the metals examined, lead exceeded the guide value at several sampling points, and a moderate probability of excess of lead is fairly widespread. Copper exceeded the guide value in vineyards and orchards, but also in a few places elsewhere, and the estimated probabilities of excess were not negligible. The other two metals of concern, cadmium (with one exception) and zinc, had concentrations much less than the guide values. The patterns of distribution of the four metals were similar, the product-moment correlations among them are substantial, except in the vineyards and orchards, and it seems likely that they had common sources.     

Development of a Smoke Guide for the Evaluation of White Plumes

A smoke guide for use with white plumes has been developed by suspending size-graded industrial diamond dust in transparent plastic blocks. The guide consists of a series of four blocks containing dusts with white light transmittances of 20, 40, 60, and 80 per cent and scattering characteristics similar to those of white (oil) plumes commonly used for training smoke inspectors. The luminances of experimental plumes and guides with like transmittances are compared when viewed under different illuminating and viewing conditions. Similar tests with a U. S. Public Health Service Black Smoke Guide are also described.     

Consultant Guide

This guide identifies consulting and service firms serving the fields of air and waste management. It enables the reader to select a firm based on the firm's area of expertise and geographical proximity.

To use this guide:

(1) identify the service you need from those listed immediately below (2) identify the firms that provide that service in the 'List of Companies by service' (3) check the geographical listings for the firms nearest you (4) get the firm's address and phone numbers from the alphabetical listing beginning on page 1699.     

Carrousel氧化沟的三维流场模拟与分析

利用CFD的Fluent软件，采用标准的三维K—ε紊流模型，对桂林市七里店污水处理厂1#氧化沟的流场进行了数值模拟，对导流墙和推进器附近的流速进行了计算分析。结果表明，氧化沟下层流速较低，局部区域流速低于0．2m／s。为了防止污泥沉降，应进一步降低推进器位置。能量损失分析表明，卡罗塞氧化沟能量损失主要来源于沿程摩擦损失和局部损失。可通过增加墙体光滑度、降低入口高度以及增加导流墙的曲率半径等措施减少能量损失，改善现有氧化沟的水力特征。     

Product Guide/1969

The Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association presents its second animal directory of air pollution products. This 11-page guide lists manufacturers of emission control equipment and air pollution instrumentation under product classifications which are shown below. These classifications are derived from McGraw-Hill’s Air Pollution Handbook, chapters 10, 11, and 13. The final portion of this guide contains an alphabetical listing of manufacturers.If any manufacturers or product categories have been inadvertently overlooked, the omission is regretted and should be brought to the attention of the editor. It will result in a more complete and accurate Product Guide/1970 to be published next December.     

Product Guide/1972

The Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association presents its fifth annual directory of air pollution products. This 14-page guide lists manufacturers of emission control equipment and air pollution instrumentation under product classifications which are shown below. These classifications are derived from McGraw-Hill’s Air Pollution Handbook, chapters 10, 11, and 13 . The final portion of this guide contains an alphabetical listing of manufacturers.

If any manufacturers or product categories have been inadvertently overlooked, the omission is regretted and should be brought to the attention of the editor. It will result in a more complete and accurate Product Guide/1973 to be published next December.     

反应沉淀一体式矩形环流生物反应器的传氧特性研究

设计制作了一种新型的反应沉淀一体式矩形环流生物反应器,通过清水实验研究了其结构特性(环流区内导流板顶端与液面的距离,固定宽度下环流区长度变化)对反应器充氧性能、气含率、气体上升速度和液体循环速度的影响,并在优选结构的反应器中进行了模拟污水试验.结果表明,当升流区截面长度、降流区截面长度、内导流板顶部液流截面高度三者相等时,传氧性能较好,在进水COD为300～400 mg/L的情况下,污泥浓度可以稳定保持在6000 mg/L左右.     

APM-3 Recommended Standard Methods for Continuing Air Monitoring for Gaseous Contaminants

The purpose of Manual APM-3 is to provide a guide which will help increase the uniformity between various surveys, and thereby increase the useability of the data by others.     

淮河江苏段三十年(1981—2010)水环境质量研究

文中通过对淮河干流江苏段30年监测数据的分析,再现了淮河江苏段30年水质变化过程,结合对自然、经济、社会资料的研究,期待人们以史为鉴保护淮河水环境。     

An interdisciplinary assessment of private conservation areas in the Western United States

Conservation easements are the fastest growing private conservation strategy in the United States. However, mechanisms to assess private land conservation as well as their support by the general public are not well understood. This study uses the ecosystem services framework for assessing existing private lands in Idaho and identifies areas for future conservation easements. Using conservation targets of the land trust as a guide for selecting ecosystem services, we (a) mapped the spatial delivery of conservation targets across public and private lands, (b) explored public awareness in terms of social importance and vulnerability, and (c) mapped future priority areas by characterizing conservation bundles. We found that public lands provided the highest levels of conservation targets, and we found no difference in conservation target provision between private areas and conservation easements. The spatial characterization of conservation target bundles identified potential future priority areas for conservation easements, which can guide planning of land trust conservation efforts.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01323-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Consultant Guide/1972

The Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association presents its third directory of air pollution control consultants. This 8-page guide lists individual consultants and firms who have indicated a capability in this field by responding to a questionnaire published in three consecutive issues of the Journal. The listing gives corporate names, addresses and phone numbers alphabetically within five broad geographic areas which are shown below.     

The use of isomer specific data to characterize and differentiate sources of dioxins into the environment

In a recent comprehensive study of dioxin levels in the environment with several potential historical manufacturing and combustion sources, a simple but effective pattern recognition technique was developed and successfully used to guide the study. Using isomer specific data on 20 tetra isomer groups, the resulting isomer profiles were able to identify dominant sources of dioxin in various areas. Several specific studies and multi-variant statistical procedures were used to confirm the findings.     

化工项目环境影响评价要点

化工项目的环境影响评价应严格执行有关的法律、法规和导则,并结合行业特点执行特定的条例和规范。在其评价过程中应确保工程分析数据的可靠性和措施的可行性,对是否符合清洁生产进行详细阐述,针对事故风险进行评价并提出防范措施,最后对有毒废渣的处理提出要求。     

Y型内混双级雾化喷嘴流量特性研究

对自行设计的 Y 型内混双级雾化喷嘴进行了实验研究,分析了不同喷嘴尺寸对喷嘴流量特性的影响.对比了压缩空气与过热蒸气做雾化介质的不同.通过测量喷嘴内混室压力,拟合出了供气压力-内混室压力曲线,并通过实验测量和校核,得到工质流景系数的表达式,对喷嘴设计有指导作用.     

浅谈建设项目环境影响后评价

简述了建设项目环境影响后评价的定义、工作程序、工作内容、必要性以及国内外开展建设项目环境影响后评价的情况。指出了目前中国建设项目环境影响后评价存在的问题,指出,应加快建立和逐步完善环境影响后评价工作的政策、法规体系,规范环境影响后评价的工作方法体系。进一步明确环境影响后评价的地位,由权威部门制定技术导则和实施管理办法,尤其要明确实施主体、适用对象和实施程序,指导各级环境保护管理部门组织实施环境影响后评价工作。     

Using The Consultant

The information on this page is reprinted with permission from “Guide for Professional Engineers’ Services”, published by the Professional Engineers in Private Practice Division of the National Society of Professional Engineers. The publication was designed “as a guide for selecting and engaging professional engineers in private practice and compensating them for their services”. It is available from the National Society of Professional Engineers, 2029 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006.     

新沂河污水净化生态工程研究

苏北水环境综合整治方案提出了“清污两制、控源导流”的水污染控制战略。以这一战略为指导,实施江苏省水污染集中控制两线工程。对北线工程新沂河污水生态工程的背景、工程方案与设计、污水系统水质模拟进行了详尽论述。     

Ambio’s legacy on monitoring,impact, and management of acid rain: This article belongs to Ambio’s 50th Anniversary Collection. Theme: Acidification

Early studies published in Ambio showed large-scale acidification of lakes in southern Sweden and Norway from acid rain. These studies were important for delimiting various scientific issues and thus for eventually contributing to legislation, which reduced emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides and helped to mitigate this major environmental problem. Long-term studies and monitoring in Sweden and Norway and at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire helped guide this legislation in Europe and in the USA.     

Toluene vapor capture by activated carbon particles in a dual gas-solid cyclone system

Capturing of odorous compounds such as toluene vapor by a particulate-activated carbon adsorbent was investigated in a gas-solid cyclone, which is one type of mobile beds. The test cyclone was early modified with the post cyclone (PoC) and a spiral flow guide to the vortex finder. The proposed process may contribute to the reduction of gases and dust from industrial exhausts, especially when dealing with a low concentration of odorous elements and a large volume of dust flow. In this device, the toluene capturing efficiency at a 400 ppm concentration rose up to 77.4% when using activated carbon (AC) particles with a median size of 27.03 μm. A maximum 96% of AC particles could be collected for reuse depending on the size and flow rate. The AC regenerated via thermal treatment showed an adsorption potential up to 66.7% throughout repeated tests.

Implications: VOCs and particles have been of interest both in industrial field and public indoor spaces. In this study, a post cyclone (PoC) that utilizes a residual vortex from the mother cyclone was modified by inserting a flow guide and was applied to capture toluene vapor. The device of modified post-cyclone system can be used effectively in simultaneous treatment of gas-solid flow.