共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The water turnover of two coastal areas, Forsmark and Laxemar-Simpevarp, has been modeled for 13 selected years between 6500 bc and 9000 ad by utilizing information about past, present, and future bathymetry. The Forsmark area can be described as an open-ended funnel, and is analyzed with a 3D-model (MIKE 3-FM); the Laxemar area is partitioned into clusters of sub-basins treated with a discrete coupled basin model (CouBa). In all simulations, the main variation factor is the land uplift. The 3D-model domain is successively modified. For the CouBa approach the successive basin configurations are objectively deduced based on the 3D domain modifications. The average age (AvA) of the resident water relative to the open coast is generally lower for the Forsmark area. A typical progression is that the AvA values increase until a sub-basin ceases to be connected to the coastal zone. This disconnection is often preceded by a lowered AvA. 相似文献
2.
Government at all levels is placing increasing emphasis on air pollution control. To avoid restrictive legislation, to maintain good public relations, and to assume its full share of responsibility are constantly on the alert for air pollution control equipment designed for specified needs. The problems connected with the collection or disposal of fumes and vapors liberated during various types of industrial kettle cooking operations has been of serious concern in a number of cities in recent years. 相似文献
3.
4.
Chemical speciation and bioavailability of rare earth elements (REEs) in the ecosystem: a review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aysha Masood Khan Nor Kartini Abu Bakar Ahmad Farid Abu Bakar Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(29):22764-22789
Rare earths (RE), chemically uniform group of elements due to similar physicochemical behavior, are termed as lanthanides. Natural occurrence depends on the geological circumstances and has been of long interest for geologist as tools for further scientific research into the region of ores, rocks, and oceanic water. The review paper mainly focuses to provide scientific literature about rare earth elements (REEs) with potential environmental and health effects in understanding the research. This is the initial review of RE speciation and bioavailability with current initiative toward development needs and research perceptive. In this paper, we have also discussed mineralogy, extraction, geochemistry, analytical methods of rare earth elements. In this study, REEs with their transformation and vertical distribution in different environments such as fresh and seawater, sediments, soil, weathering, transport, and solubility have been reported with most recent literature along key methods of findings. Speciation and bioavailability have been discussed in detail with special emphasis on soil, plant, and aquatic ecosystems and their impacts on the environment. This review shows that REE gained more importance in last few years due to their detrimental effects on living organisms, so their speciation, bioavailability, and composition are much more important to evaluate their health risks and are discussed thoroughly as well. 相似文献
5.
Leo P. Flood M.E. P.E. Member A.S.M.E 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(1):63-68
Historically, in evaluations of the impact of power plant emissions, the region of concern was generally the immediate vicinity (up to a radius of about 100 km) of the power plant in question, and the pollutant of concern was mainly sulfur dioxide emitted by the power plant. In most scientific work relating to atmospheric transport of emissions, little or no attention was given to the regional (up to a radius of about 1000 km) transport of pollutants. Recently, however, more emphasis has been placed on the evaluation of regional transport1-8. 相似文献
6.
Darvin CH Cox LS Smith D 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》1999,49(3):339-344
During recent years, greater emphasis has been placed on the control of particulate emissions from painting operations. This has gained more importance as more is learned about the potential release of toxic metals to the atmosphere from painting operations. This has led to queries about the efficiency of various painting arrestor systems to reduce particulate discharges to the atmosphere. Even more important is the capability of the arrestor systems to control PM10 emissions. In 1995, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated a study to evaluate various dry paint overspray arrestor systems. This study was designed to evaluate not only the total emissions control capability of the arrestor but also the PM10 control capability of the various system designs. Paint overspray arrestor systems using five different filtration concepts or materials were selected. They include systems constructed of fiberglass, paper, Styrofoam, and cardboard materials. These systems used filtration techniques incorporating the following filtration phenomena and designs: cyclone, baffle, bag systems, and mesh systems. The testing used an optical particle counting procedure to determine the concentration of particles of a given size fraction to penetrate a test arrestor system. The results of the testing indicated that there are significant differences in the efficiency of the tested system designs to capture and retain PM10. This paper summarizes the results of the research conducted to determine the capability of the arrestor systems to capture particulate of sizes down to approximately 1 micron in surface diameter. 相似文献
7.
Thuy HT Nga le P Loan TT 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(6):835-841
Background and purpose
Shrimp culture has been expanded rapidly in recent years in coastal wetland zone of Vietnam due to favorable natural conditions. However, this industry has caused several negative impacts to the environment. One of the critical issues is the excessive application of antibiotics including human medicines. These chemicals could be released from shrimp ponds and then accumulated and contaminated of the ecosystem. This review article discusses a whole range of findings that address various aspects of the usage, occurrence and potentially environmental risks of antibiotics released from shrimp farming, with emphasis on the South Vietnam coastal wetland. 相似文献8.
Collins C Laturnus F Nepovim A 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2002,9(1):86-94
The widespread use of industrial chemicals in our highly industrialized society has often caused contamination of large terrestrial and marine areas due to the deliberate and accidental release of organic pollutants into the soil and groundwater. In this review, environmental problems arising from the use of chlorinated solvents and BTEX compounds are described, and an overview about active management strategies for remediation with special emphasis on phytoremediation are presented to achieve a reduction of the total mass of chlorinated solvents and BTEX compounds in contaminated areas. Phytoremediation has been proposed as an efficient, low-cost remediation technique to restore areas contaminated with chlorinated solvents and BTEX compounds. The feasibility of phytoremediation as a remediation tool for these compounds is discussed with particular reference to the uptake and metabolism of these compounds, and a future perspective on the use of phytoremediation for the removal of chlorinated solvents and BTEX compounds is given. 相似文献
9.
Arthur C. Stern 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(5):440-453
Prevention of significant deterioration has been a subject of study and discussion for about ten years. An extensive survey of the legislative and legal aspects of this concept is presented in this review. The growth of the concept and its implementation are subjected to critical scrutiny. 相似文献
10.
Charles H. Darvin Lyndon S. Cox Daryl Smith 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(3):339-344
ABSTRACT During recent years, greater emphasis has been placed on the control of particulate emissions from painting operations. This has gained more importance as more is learned about the potential release of toxic metals to the atmosphere from painting operations. This has led to queries about the efficiency of various painting arrestor systems to reduce particulate discharges to the atmosphere. Even more important is the capability of the arrestor systems to control PM10 emissions. In 1995, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated a study to evaluate various dry paint overspray arrestor systems. This study was designed to evaluate not only the total emissions control capability of the arrestor but also the PM10 control capability of the various system designs. Paint overspray arrestor systems using five different filtration concepts or materials were selected. They include systems constructed of fiberglass, paper, Styrofoam, and cardboard materials. These systems used filtration techniques incorporating the following filtration phenomena and designs: cyclone, baffle, bag systems, and mesh systems. The testing used an optical particle counting procedure to determine the concentration of particles of a given size fraction to penetrate a test arrestor system. The results of the testing indicated that there are significant differences in the efficiency of the tested system designs to capture and retain PM10. This paper summarizes the results of the research conducted to determine the capability of the arrestor systems to capture particulate of sizes down to approximately 1 μm in surface diameter. 相似文献
11.
12.
Sherwood B. Idso 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(5):364-368
For several years an ongoing project at the U. S. Water Conservation Laboratory has dealt with the measurement and analysis of solar radiation. Generally, this study has been directed toward fulfilling the needs of agriculture. As a byproduct, however, much has also been learned about the particulate matter content of the air, since the work involved has all been carried out within the metropolitan Phoenix, Ariz. area. In this paper, the results of several years of research on the atmospheric transmission of solar radiation in this area are presented. These results are considered in light of concurrent meteorological conditions, and inferences are drawn with respect to spatial and temporal variations in airborne particulates. It is demonstrated that solar radiation measurements can greatly enhance our knowledge of air pollution dynamics. 相似文献
13.
S. I. Lamb C. Petrowski I. R. Kaplan B. R. T. Simoneit 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1098-1115
An attempt has been made to summarize the present state of knowledge concerning the occurrence, sampling, and analytical procedures for organic components in the atmosphere. This review places special emphasis on classification strategy and draws attention to classes of compounds which may be potentially toxic. Methods currently used for collection and analyses are briefly described and evaluated. 相似文献
14.
15.
William Veerkamp Cor Wolff 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1996,3(2):91-95
The recognition of potential long-term effects of substances, has led to the development of regulations and legislation which emphasis the need for assessing the risks posed by both new and existing substances for man and the environment. The evaluation of fate and exposure models is put into perspective in relation to the developments over the last five years in the framework of the EU regulations and national legislation within the European Community. The validation of environmental exposure models (multi-media models) is described in the context of quality assurance of models available to a user group, which is different from the quality assurance aspects for a developers group. 相似文献
16.
Keeling LJ 《Ambio》2005,34(4-5):316-319
Good animal welfare is necessary if an agricultural system is to be sustainable. Although we have been concerned about the welfare of our animals since we first domesticated them and became dependent on their health and reproduction, this article focuses mainly on the development of the animal welfare debate since the 1960s. It presents animal welfare as a science that arose from society's concern about the way animals are kept. These moral and ethical concerns lead to it having a value framework that must also be taken into consideration. Different definitions of animal welfare, as well as examples of research, are presented and discussed in the light of developments in this area. For example, in recent years there has been an increased interest among consumers for animal-friendly products, as there has been for environment friendly products, and this has stimulated the move from experimental studies of animal welfare to its application in practice and to monitoring animal welfare on farms. Traditionally such measurements have been resource based, e.g. specifying the minimum amount of feeding space or the maximum stocking density, but now the trend is toward animal-based measures, such as the numberof lame animals, body condition, etc. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
J. L. Sullivan F. L. Kafka L. M. Ferrari 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):583-586
Though the aroma of roasting coffee can be pleasant in small amounts, large scale plants tend to cause public complaints. As a means of control thermal afterburners operating at 1200°F and higher have been commonly employed. Australian coffee consumption in the past has been relatively small but in recent years it has been increasing markedly. As a result, odor complaints have been increasing and one plant, large by Australian standards, caused a public outcry of no small order. High cost of fuel rendered thermal afterburning unattractive and, consequently, the firm in question decided upon catalytic combustion as an alternative. Subsequently, the unit was installed and before and after tests were made for various components. At an operating temperature of about 700°F the results showed comparable fume reductions to thermal afterburning and the findings were confirmed by the cessation of complaints by the public. 相似文献
20.
Vaun A. Newill 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(7):833-835
Over the past several years, the Environmental Protection Agency has attempted to institutionalize an approach to its activities that is characterized by an active attempt to separate risk assessment from risk management activities. This approach, while not new in concept, has only been evolving at EPA for about four years. The Office of Research and Development, or ORD, has organized its research planning activities around this risk assessment-risk management concept. In order for the approach to succeed, it is necessary to develop the data and methodology necessary to undertake risk assessments both in the area of human health and ecology, and to develop methods to reduce those risks. Accordingly, we have organized our research planning into four major areas: Human Health Risk, Environmental or Ecological Risk, Exposure Assessment, and Risk Reduction. What I would like to do is outline briefly the breadth and diversity of EPA’s research program and the Agency’s research needs. 相似文献