长江中下游某Unitank污水处理厂去除雌激素的效果分析

以长江中下游地区某实际运行的Unitank污水处理厂为研究对象,跟踪监测了其进、出水类固醇雌激素(SE)的浓度水平,考察了雌激素去除效果随时间的变化规律,并分析了不同处理工段对雌激素去除的贡献。结果表明:污水厂进水中雌酮(E1)、17β-雌二醇(E2)、17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)的浓度分别为32.4～89.0,19.4～78.0和12.3～45.0 ng/L,且夏季浓度高于冬季;Unitank工艺对E1、E2、EE2的去除率分别为21.3%～77.0%,23.4%～73.5%和25.2%～68.1%。SE去除主要依靠好氧生物降解实现,物理沉降(沉砂或沉淀)对SE的去除贡献较小。温度是影响SE去除的重要因素之一,较高的温度有利于SE的去除。     

Cadmium in sewage sludge in a Swedish region: sources and reduction opportunities

To create a more sustainable future, one of the Swedish government's aims is to close the eco-cycles between urban consumption areas and arable land. Increasing the use of sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs) is one method of achieving this goal. However, the use of sewage sludge is often prohibited due to its high concentrations of cadmium. As a consequence, large amounts of sewage sludge are deposited each year in landfills. This disposal has become more expensive for local authorities due to a new deposit tax introduced in the year 2000. Based on a survey of cadmium sources to MWTPs in a Swedish region this paper focuses on opportunities local authorities in Sweden have to influence the occurrence of cadmium in the sewage sludge. The results from the study show that cadmium in sewage sludge originates from diffuse sources, which are hard for local authorities to influence by direct means. This is most obvious for sources of cadmium in wastewater from households, which causes about one-third of the inflow of cadmium to MWTPs. Thus, the local authorities' possibilities are, in general, still restricted to downstream actions (such as disconnecting identified industrial sources and reconstructing the sewage system to further separate collection of wastewater and storm water). Local authorities could also implement changes in the process at the MWTP or an extended treatment of the sewage sludge generated. Nonetheless, these possible measures do not provide a sustainable solution to the cadmium issue since the origins of the sources remain. Hence, long-term strategies - outside of the scope of local authorities - need to focus on a general decrease of cadmium in society. However, increased knowledge about the distribution among different sources of cadmium to MWTPs may encourage local authorities to establish priorities for measures that will improve the quality of the sewage sludge.     

Cadmium in sewage sludge in a Swedish region: sources and reduction opportunities

To create a more sustainable future, one of the Swedish government’s aims is to close the eco-cycles between urban consumption areas and arable land. Increasing the use of sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs) is one method of achieving this goal. However, the use of sewage sludge is often prohibited due to its high concentrations of cadmium. As a consequence, large amounts of sewage sludge are deposited each year in landfills. This disposal has become more expensive for local authorities due to a new deposit tax introduced in the year 2000. Based on a survey of cadmium sources to MWTPs in a Swedish region this paper focuses on opportunities local authorities in Sweden have to influence the occurrence of cadmium in the sewage sludge. The results from the study show that cadmium in sewage sludge originates from diffuse sources, which are hard for local authorities to influence by direct means. This is most obvious for sources of cadmium in wastewater from households, which causes about one-third of the inflow of cadmium to MWTPs. Thus, the local authorities’ possibilities are, in general, still restricted to downstream actions (such as disconnecting identified industrial sources and reconstructing the sewage system to further separate collection of wastewater and storm water). Local authorities could also implement changes in the process at the MWTP or an extended treatment of the sewage sludge generated. Nonetheless, these possible measures do not provide a sustainable solution to the cadmium issue since the origins of the sources remain. Hence, long-term strategies — outside of the scope of local authorities — need to focus on a general decrease of cadmium in society. However, increased knowledge about the distribution among different sources of cadmium to MWTPs may encourage local authorities to establish priorities for measures that will improve the quality of the sewage sludge.     

构建污水处理厂现代生产管理模式（TPM）

结合本企业生产运行管理需求,从现有污水处理厂生产管控中存在的问题;生产运营管理模式设计原则及TPM生产管理组织模式的设计,阐述了构建污水处理厂现代生产管理模式的设想。     

四环素生产废水的生物流化床处理工艺设计

以好氧生物处理的基本原理为基础 ,推导了生物流化床工艺的动力学模型 ,并通过试验确定了该工艺用于处理四环素、洁霉素废水的动力学参数 ,从而为生物流化床处理四环素废水的工艺设计提供了依据。     

印染集中区水网络优化研究

耗水量大、水环境污染严重是印染集中区的一个突出问题.本文建立水网络数学模型,对印染集中区用水排水网络进行系统规划,该模型以集中区总成本最低为目标函数,模拟了以多级组合工艺为特点的污水处理设施数学模型.运用该模型对东北某印染集中区水网络进行设计和优化改进,在保证废水达标排放、成本最低的条件下,构建了企业内及企业间最佳回用网络,确定了污水处理设施工艺最优方案,并明确各级处理工艺中不同品质的处理水回用集中区企业的最优途径,为集中区内污水处理设施提标改造计划提供参考.研究结果表明：该模型在工业集中区或工业园用水规划及废水减量方面具有实用价值和较好的应用前景.     

中水回用对社区景观水体叶绿素a变化的影响

由于中水的营养盐含量较高,以中水为补水水源的社区景观水体存在较大的水华暴发风险.基于中水回用于景观水体的换水控制实验,建立了中水景观水体的富营养化模型,模拟了连续换水时和终止换水后叶绿素a的变化过程,分析了中水水质和换水周期对水体藻类生长的影响.结果表明,提高中水水质可以降低水体的叶绿素a峰值;在连续换水期,随着换水周期的缩短, 水体的叶绿素a峰值降低,并且从开始换水至达到峰值的时间增长;在连续换水期后终止换水,叶绿素a会重新达到峰值,并且原来的换水周期越短,水体的叶绿素a峰值反而越高,达到峰值所需时间越长.模型应用可为中水回用于社区景观水体的水量水质设计与维护提供依据.     

Simulation and analysis of wastewater stabilization Pond system

ＳｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｓｔａｂｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎＰｏｎｄｓｙｓｔｅｍＷｅｎＸｉａｎｇｈｕａ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙ...     

细胞自动机模拟活性污泥法污水处理过程

从活性污泥法污水处理过程的微观机理出发,建立了污水处理过程的二维细胞自动机模型,并进行仿真实验.结果表明：建立的细胞自动机模型能够实现污水处理过程的动态可视化,复现出了污水中有机物被吸附、降解及微生物生长、繁殖和衰亡的过程;仿真中还讨论了污泥颗粒粒径、有机物分子半径、温度和污泥浓度等因素对模拟结果的影响,因素灵敏度分析...     

含油废水深度处理后回用于港区除尘系统的设计与运行

介绍了某港区作业区利用处理后的含油废水深度处理后回用于港口煤炭除尘系统工程的设计、运行和管理。该系统设计处理量为400m^3／d。采用了水解酸化预处理 生物接触氧化 生物活性炭的处理工艺流程，处理后的污水主要用于港区煤炭储存场冲洗地面、洒水抑尘等。     

通海县城污水处理厂设计与运行

通海县城市污水处理厂总设计规模为2万m3/d;近期设计规模为1万m3/d,水厂于2002年10月通过省级验收,各项指标均达到设计要求及<污水综合排放标准>(GB8978-1996)一级标准,其中氮磷去除率约在80%以上.还介绍了通海县城市污水处理厂的处理工艺、设计特点及运行管理经验.     

膜生物反应器中的基质降解动力学研究

通过动力学推导,得到了膜生物反应器降解有机物和氨氮的的动力学模型,并采用膜生物反应器处理人工配制的生活污水,确定了相关的动力学参数KS=264.04mgCOD/L,νmax=2.01d-1,K=0.0076L/d·mgCOD,y=0.44mgMLSS/mgCOD,Kd=0.021d-1,KN=0.061d-1,并得到了动力学方程,实验表明该动力学方程能较好地预测MBR的出水水质状况,可以为膜生物反应器处理污水的工艺设计提供参考。     

多模式厌氧/缺氧/好氧污水处理工艺的稳态与动态模拟

数学模拟是污水处理系统教学科研、工艺评估、运行优化和自动控制的重要工具,在污水处理厂中得到了广泛应用.利用过程数据对ASM2d模型进行校正,并分析评估了校正模型在多模式厌氧/缺氧/好氧(AAO)工艺3个模式15个工况下稳态模拟及AO模式下动态模拟的可靠性.15个工况的稳态模拟表明,校正模型能准确模拟污泥浓度和出水水质;在AO模式的动态模拟中,模拟曲线与出水水质以及污泥浓度的变化趋势相一致,模拟结果具有较高的准确度.     

恒定横流底部多孔排放近区污水稀释扩散效果因素研究

借助于人工模型试验，分析了恒定横流底部多孔排放时扩散器设计参数（射流角度、射流速度、喷口个数）、上升管间距）及环境参数（环境水深、环境流速）对污水近区稀释扩散效果的影响，实验结果表明，除了环境条件对污水稀释扩散效果影响明显之外，扩散器设计参数对污水的近区稀释扩散也有显著的影响，针对白龙港排放口水域，喷口射流角度宜控制在１０°左右，喷口个数取１６个     

Study of prediction for groundwater contamination in wastewater land treatment system

This paper uses a prediction model of groundwater pollution based on the experiments in the laboratory and in field .The model, which was tested and calibrated by the field observated data ,satisfactorily simulated the field conditions in land treatment system of wastewater . Particularly , the model can provide the reliable pollution prediction of heavy metals , organisms and nitrogen . The model was used to predict the groundwater pollution caused by the land treatment system in the region of North China . The calibration of the model showed that correlation coefficients between the tested and predictive data of Cr6+. As3+, organism and NH4+ could reach 0.990, which proved that the model possessed the realistic instructive significance for design and use of wastewater land treatment systems .     

A simple sequential approach for designing industrial wastewater treatment networks

This paper addresses design of wastewater treatment network (WWTN) by hybrid approach. This is a sequential method applying insight-based techniques followed by mathematical programming. The water pinch analysis and wastewater degradation concepts are employed to develop an initial structure. Based on this solution a superstructure is created. The superstructure is the starting point for nonlinear optimisation. The decision variables are both structure of junctions (mixers and splitters) and flow rates. The optimisation model is solved by a simple but robust optimisation algorithm. The design approach can be used for synthesis and also, under some conditions, for retrofit of wastewater treatment networks. The efficiency and robustness of the approach is illustrated using literature examples and industrial cases.     

O/A/O组合工艺在浆染废水处理中的应用

以如皋常青某印染厂废水处理中心为例，介绍了O／A／O组合工艺处理浆染废水的工程设计。设计处理规模为1000m^3／d，进水COD为1200mg／L，处理后出水达国家一级排放标准。实践证明这是一种处理可生化性较差、难降解废水的行之有效的工艺。     

γ-聚谷氨酸絮凝剂培养条件及处理啤酒废水研究

利用均匀设计安排试验,用曲线回归分析创建数学模型的方法研究了枯草芽孢杆菌产γ-聚谷氨酸絮凝剂培养条件,结果表明:其最佳培养条件是蔗糖添加量2.2%、酵母膏添加量0.6%、谷氨酸钠4.5%、pH7、温度33℃、摇床转速215r/min。创建了6因素之间的数学模型:Y=(-9.4X12+42.1X1-71.3X22+89.0X2-3.6X32+32.7X3-9.9X42+139.9X4-0.44X52+29.2X5-0.0016X62+0.69X6-793.3)/6。同时利用γ-聚谷氨酸絮凝剂对啤酒废水进行COD去除试验,结果显示:pH值在7.8、100mL废水中絮凝剂的添加量为3mL和1%CaCl2用量为1.9mL时,COD去除效果最佳,并建立了相应的数学模型,在最佳工艺条件下的COD去除率可达66%。     

印染废水的治理研究

印染废水是一种有机物含量高、色度深、生化性差、难降解的工业生产废水。对印染废水处理技术的研究现状进行了介绍．讨论了各自的作用机理及其在印染废水处理中的应用。为工程设计和生产工艺提出了一些有益的建议。在此基础上对印染废水处理的发展趋势做了分析和展望。     

氧化沟污水处理技术的发展及在煤矿中的应用

本文概述了氧化沟污水处理技术的发展，技术特征、分类、根据煤矿生活污水的特点，论述了采用氧化沟技术处理污水的合理性，提出了适合煤矿生活污水的氧化沟工艺流程，主要的设计技术参数。