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1.
水葱修复土壤镉污染潜力的研究   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10  
野外观察与研究发现水葱(Scirpus tabernaemontani G.)可以耐受土壤中高浓度的重金属污染,并对镉(Cd)有很高的生物富集量.实验室水培试验研究了两个主要因素,营养液pH与Cd含量,对水葱生物量以及Cd富集效果的影响.结果表明,它可耐受高浓度Cd (30 mg/L)和大范围pH变化 (3.7~7.7).当营养液pH为4.7, Cd为25 mg/L时,水葱富集的Cd达到最大值:地上部分264.71 mg/kg,地下部分234.39 mg/kg,平均转运系数1.13.这显示了它用于植物修复Cd污染土壤的潜力.  相似文献   

2.
制备了一种具有镉活化功能的包裹型根际促生菌剂,用于强化镉超累积植物龙葵对镉污染农田土壤的植物修复作用。结果表明:包裹型菌剂Z16的多腔室结构适合菌株的生存,菌剂Z16的释菌浓度在24 h孵育后达到106 CFU·g−1;与菌液组EC相比,菌剂Z16组的龙葵地上部鲜重提高了19.81%,地上部和根部镉的富集系数分别提高了20.98%和168.97%,根际土壤碳酸盐结合态镉的浓度得到活化,龙葵对钙、锰和铁元素的吸收能力也得到增强。因此,与施用菌液EC相比,包裹型根际促生菌剂Z16通过在根际土壤持续释放菌株,可提高难溶性镉的活化效果及提高植物修复效率。本研究可为强化超累积植物-根际促生菌联用技术对镉污染农田的植物修复效率提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
应用籽粒苋修复镉污染农田土壤的潜力   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
针对农田土壤镉污染问题,采用超富集植物籽粒苋并配施不同组合的外源活化剂进行盆栽实验和田间实验,并测定籽粒苋及根系土壤中镉含量并计算富集系数。结果表明,在盆栽实验的不同处理组中,施加磷酸二氢钾(0.74 mmol·kg-1)、EDTA(2 mmol·kg-1)和柠檬酸(4 mmol·kg-1)最有助于提高籽粒苋对Cd的提取修复效率。田间实验中添加活化剂(EDTA和柠檬酸)后籽粒苋的根、茎和叶组织对Cd的富集能力分别是不添加活化剂处理组的2.10、1.84和2.76倍;与对照组相比,籽粒苋的根、茎和叶部分的Cd含量都显著提高(P < 0.05),这说明外源活化剂促进了籽粒苋对土壤中Cd的吸收,提高了修复效率。每年种植两茬籽粒苋并添加活化剂,Cd的去除率可达4%~10%。种植超富集植物并配施活化剂既可以提高修复效率,又可以节约修复成本。  相似文献   

4.
电动增强技术修复镉污染土壤及其修复机理   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
选择小分子有机酸——酒石酸、草酸作为增强试剂,研究在不同浓度小分子有机酸作用下,电动修复土壤重金属镉Cd(Ⅱ)的迁移和去除机制。实验中以胡敏素为吸附剂并将其以包裹的形式添加在在电动装置中,以乙酸-乙酸钠为电解液,同时在两极室之间循环电解液以控制土壤pH值变化。结果表明,电动修复技术促进了重金属的去除。小分子有机酸的加入使弱酸提取态的重金属镉Cd(Ⅱ)的去除率大大提高,可达67.07%。不同浓度的小分子有机酸对电动修复的促进效果不同,随着浓度的持续增加,电动修复效果降低。  相似文献   

5.
在Cd污染的胶东棕壤土体两端加以1 V/cm的直流电压梯度进行电动力学修复.考察了电动力学修复过程中阴阳极电解液pH、电渗流量和电流密度的变化,并将处理后的土体分6段进行了分析,主要参数为pH、电导率、土壤中Cd的浓度及其形态分析.结果表明,经过445.0 h的电动力学修复,阳极附近3段土壤中Cd的去除率分别达到98.19%、97.01%和96.24%;阴极附近3段土壤中出现了Cd富集现象,且pH为5.88的土壤段Cd的富集率最高.  相似文献   

6.
腐殖质纳米颗粒对镉污染土壤的修复   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
外源腐殖质可改变土壤镉(Cd)的含量和状态。以风化煤为原料制备的不溶性胡敏酸为吸附剂,对比研究了其对冶炼厂周边污染土壤及人工模拟污染土壤中Cd的钝化效果。再以泥炭为原料,制备富里酸钾为主的水溶性腐殖酸钾为淋洗剂,用于活化、去除上述2种土壤中的Cd。结果表明,胡敏酸在砂质的人工模拟污染土壤中钝化效果更好,2%的剂量可使土壤中CaCl2提取态Cd的浓度(0.103 mg·L-1)降低19.7%。腐殖酸钾去除土壤Cd的效率随淋洗剂浓度增加而提高,在10 g·L-1的浓度时,单次淋洗可去除高达38.1%的Cd。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明,腐殖质与Cd反应后形成了羧酸盐。因此,腐殖质纳米颗粒既可以钝化土壤中的Cd,也可以活化土壤中的Cd,从而达到修复Cd污染土壤的目的。其关键在于根据钝化或活化的目标,选择溶解度适当的腐殖质材料。  相似文献   

7.
为研究铝酸盐材料对于修复Cd污染土壤的可行性,以常见的硅酸盐材料为参照,比较了两者对土壤中Cd的稳定化效果,并对相关反应机制进行了讨论。结果表明:当土壤中Cd的质量分数为54.6 mg·kg−1时,铝酸盐和硅酸盐材料使Cd的7 d浸出质量浓度分别降低58.07%~77.75%和63.46%~93.02%,180 d浸出质量浓度分别降低28.72%~79.23%和41.08%~86.63%;当土壤中Cd的质量分数为2 940.03 mg·kg−1时,铝酸盐和硅酸盐材料使Cd的7 d浸出质量浓度分别降低76.97%~93.15%和19.05%~94.38%,180 d浸出质量浓度分别降低56.56%~88.87%和-32.68%~49.79%。这说明铝酸盐材料对土壤中Cd的稳定化效果优于硅酸盐材料。在CdCl2溶液中(94.02 mg·L−1),铝酸盐和硅酸盐材料分别使Cd质量浓度降低了99.92%~99.93%和99.68%~99.92%,并使pH分别增大了6.56~6.81和7.01~7.69。通过SEM-EDS、FTIR、XRD和XPS等分析手段发现,铝酸盐材料可通过水化反应生成Ca—Si—H和Ca—Al—Si—H凝胶,以实现对Cd的物理包裹和吸附,并可通过使pH增大而生成Cd(OH)2、CdO或CdCO3沉淀,进而实现了对Cd的稳定化。本研究表明铝酸盐材料较硅酸盐材料对Cd的稳定化更为高效且长效,可为Cd污染土壤修复提供参考。  相似文献   

8.
为研究镉抗性菌株对龙葵修复镉污染土壤的效应,开展龙葵室外盆栽试验。从镉污染土壤、龙葵根际土壤和标准菌株中共筛选出3株抗镉产铁载体菌株,经16S rRNA基因序列对比分析,以上3株菌株分别被鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)、苍黄假棍状杆菌(Pseudoclavibacter helvolus)和荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)。试验中,研究了此3株菌株单种及其复合接菌处理对龙葵生长和富集镉能力以及土壤修复效率的强化作用。结果表明,与空白对照相比,复合接种苍黄假棍状杆菌和荧光假单胞菌显著(P<0.05)提高龙葵地上部分干质量(提高31.07%)、地下部分干质量(提升75.59%)、龙葵镉总积累量(提高30.28%)、地上部分镉积累量(提高31.53%)、转运系数(提高39.47%)和土壤修复效率(提高67.83%)。此外,接种以上复合菌株后土壤镉去除量的86.16%随淋溶流失,13.84%由龙葵吸收。  相似文献   

9.
镉污染土壤的植物修复技术   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
论述了植物恢复技术的概念及机理,阐明了用植物恢复技术净化镉污染土壤的方法,优势及潜势,指出在当前我国的水平和技术水平下,利用植物恢复技术来净化镉污染土壤当是首选的方法。  相似文献   

10.
海泡石及其复配材料钝化修复镉污染土壤   总被引:17,自引:2,他引:17  
选取湖北大冶Cd污染土壤,采用室外盆栽实验,研究了海泡石、酸改性海泡石以及二者与石灰、磷酸盐配合使用对油菜生物量、体内Cd含量以及土壤pH和有效态Cd含量的影响。结果表明,不同钝化剂处理均能有效提高油菜地上部和根部生物量,最大分别提高1.03和1.43倍,复合处理以及改性海泡石单一处理的增产效果优于海泡石单一处理。不同钝化剂处理均能显著降低油菜地上部和根部Cd含量,最大分别降低66.40%和22.68%。钝化剂复合处理比单一处理对降低油菜Cd吸收的效果显著,6%的钝化剂添加量较为合适。钝化剂复合处理以及海泡石单一处理均能显著提高土壤pH。不同钝化剂处理均能显著降低土壤有效态Cd含量,钝化剂复合处理对土壤Cd有效性的影响要比单一处理显著。综合实验结果,海泡石与磷酸盐复合处理对土壤Cd污染的钝化修复效果最佳。  相似文献   

11.
胞外聚合物对水中Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
以Pseudomonas fluorescens C-2产生的胞外聚合物PF-2作为新型生物吸附剂,以傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对其进行表征。系统地研究了胞外聚合物PF-2对水中Cd(II)的吸附行为。结果表明,在pH值为6.0,该吸附剂对水中的Cd(II)具有很强的吸附能力。聚合物PF-2对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附较易进行,吸附等温线能较好地用Langmuir模型来描述,最大单分子层吸附量为33.50 mg/g,吸附动力学很好地符合准二级动力学模型。胞外聚合物PF-2含有的主要官能团为羧基、羟基和氨基等,其中羧基、羟基参与了Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附。结果表明利用胞外聚合物PF-2去除环境水样中的Cd(Ⅱ)是可行的。  相似文献   

12.
Background Since the 1970s, at least 200 hectares (ha) of farmland has been polluted by the heavy metal cadmium (Cd).Consequently, the Cd pollution has led to contaminate the rice production and caused acute social panic. According to the recent investigation results performed by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA), it is indicated that most of the Cd pollution incidents in Taiwan resulted from the wastewater discharge of stearate Cd factories. To prevent the Cd pollution incidents from spreading, the TEPA has either forced these factories to close down or assisted them in improving their production processes since the 1980s. Unfortunately, accidental incidents of Cd pollution still emerge in an endless stream, despite the strict governmental controls placed on these questionable factories. Whether this pollution has resulted from undetected or hidden pollution sources stemming from two decades ago or comes from some new source, will be an outstanding issue. Therefore, this study attempts to identify the pollution sources of Cd in soil in Taiwan as well as to find the solution to the above-mentioned, outstanding issue by way of a methodology termed Material Flow Analysis (MFA). Method logy. The MFA has proved to be a useful tool on providing quantitative information of the flow of substances through an economic to an environmental system. Based upon the supply-and-demand theory of MFA, researchers have successfully conducted an overview of the use of materials in many industries, the construction industry being one of these. Therefore, this study tries to establish a set of analytical processes by way of MFA for identifying the pollution source of Cd in soil in Taiwan. In addition, the spirit of Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) technique was also employed to identify the materials, and products should be ignored as a crucial pollution source in this study. Results and Discussion According to the MFA methodology applied in this study and on the basis of related studies performed by Taiwanese governmental authorities, we arrive at the following analysis results: (1) the total amount of Cd from the economic perspective of material and product flow was approximately 441.2 tons; (2) the wastewater directly discharged into irrigation water can be concluded to be the major pollution route of Cd in farmland soil in Taiwan; (3) material plastic stabilizer (cadmium oxide, CdO), Zn-Pd compounds and Cu compounds should be the crucial pollution sources to contaminate environment through the route of wastewater in Cd flow analysis; (4) the crucial pollution sources to contaminate environment through the route of wastewater in Cd flow analysis were five factories, Coin, Jili, Taiwan Dye, Guangzheng and Mingguan, and they were all categorized as stearate Cd industries; (5) the typical source of the Cd pollution in soil in Changhua County through the pollution route of wastewater should be the metal surfacing process industries. Conclusions This study proved that MFA can be a good tool for identifying Cd flow as well as for recognizing the crux of the problem concerning incidents of Cd pollution. This study led to the conclusion that the causal relationship between farmland pollution caused by Cd and stearate Cd factories in Taiwan seemed quite close by way of MFA methodology. In addition, this study also found that the wastewater discharged from a single metal surfacing process factory will not cause remarkable farmland pollution. However, the wastewater simultaneously discharged from a group of pollution factories can result in a significant pollution incident. Recommendations and Outlook This case study is only a small contribution to the understanding of the toxic material flow related to Cd in the environment. This study recommends that Taiwanese governmental authorities should not deal with problems on an ad hoc basis, but should instead deal with Cd pollution problems overall employing control measures. Finally, the more accurate information or data we can collect, the more reliable results we can identify. Therefore, the quality and quantity of related data used in this MFA model should be closely scrutinized in order to ensure the most correct and comprehensive investigation on the toxic material flow.  相似文献   

13.
用醋酸对黑碳进行改性,通过改性纳米黑碳(MBC)对Cu2+、Cd2+的吸附/解吸试验,探究MBC对Cu2+、Cd2+的吸附特性及吸附稳定性。结果表明,Cu2+和Cd2+在MBC上的吸附动力学过程可分为快吸附和慢吸附两个阶段,且MBC对Cu2+的吸附效率大于Cd2+。Cu2+和Cd2+在MBC上的吸附等温线均能用Langmuir和Freundlich方程拟合,Cu2+和Cd2+在MBC上的最大吸附量分别为13.513、11.364mg/g,且MBC对Cu2+和Cd2+均为优惠吸附。MBC上Cu2+和Cd2+的解吸量均随着吸附量的增加而增大,易解吸态Cu2+在MBC上的解吸率为6.12%~10.25%,Cd2+为9.58%~11.81%,MBC对Cu2+的吸附稳定性大于Cd2+。将醋酸改性与已有改性方法对比,表明醋酸改性条件温和、能耗低、经济环保,将有很大的研发前景。  相似文献   

14.
The role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in Cd adsorption by Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida was investigated using a combination of batch adsorption experiments, potentiometric titrations, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). An increased adsorption capacity of Cd was observed for untreated bacteria relative to that for EPS-free bacteria. Surface complexation modeling of titration data showed the similar pKa values of functional groups (carboxyl, phosphate and hydroxyl) between untreated and EPS-free bacteria. However, site concentrations on the untreated bacteria were found to be higher than those on the EPS-free bacteria. FTIR spectra also showed that no significant difference in peak positions was observed between untreated and EPS-free bacteria and carboxyl and phosphate groups were responsible for Cd adsorption on bacterial cells. The information obtained in this study is of fundamental significance for understanding the interaction mechanisms between heavy metals and biofilms in natural environments.  相似文献   

15.
通过对实验室内人工静养植物的镉离子胁迫,与环境自然生长植物进行对比研究,发现Cd2+可不同程度地影响植物叶绿素发光,植物在受Cd2+胁迫后,叶绿素发光及细胞SOD活性有较明显变化.应用超微弱化学发光分析叶绿素可有效反映植物受污染后生产能力的变化.因而叶绿素和SOD可作为有效的生物标志物反映重金属对生物体毒害的程度.  相似文献   

16.
以沸石为负载剂,对纳米二氧化硅进行表面负载,得到一种复合吸附剂(ZLS),并用于废水中重金属离子Cd2+吸附研究,考察了吸附温度、溶液pH、吸附时间对重金属离子Cd2+吸附性能的影响;同时,对ZLS吸附Cd2+的实验数据进行动力学行为拟合研究,结果表明,该吸附过程较符合拟二级动力学模型,吸附过程为物理化学吸附。  相似文献   

17.
以扬州第四水厂沉淀后的出水作为原水,模拟突发LAS污染,通过投加碳基高价银分子晶体电池进行应急处理的实验研究。实验结果表明:碳基高价银分子晶体电池对LAS的吸附,在30min内能达到81%的吸附容量;碳基高价银分子晶体电池对LAS的吸附,符合Freundlich吸附模式;溶液pH小于5时,吸附效果较好;对进水浓度小于4.75mg/L的LAS污染水样,接触时间在10min以内,便能使出水中LAS的浓度达到生活饮用水0.3mg/L的限值。  相似文献   

18.
以蚕沙生物炭为原料,以KOH为活化剂,通过浸渍(KBC)和浸渍-热解(KBC400)活化工艺制备蚕沙基生物炭,用于吸附去除水体中的镉离子(Cd2+).运用一系列的表征技术分析了生物炭的形貌和性质,并通过批量实验考察了投加量、pH、共存离子、吸附时间和Cd2+浓度等因素对Cd2+吸附性能的影响.表征实验结果表明,活化的蚕...  相似文献   

19.
为改善壳聚糖(CTS)的水溶性及对重金属的配位能力,合成水溶性好并能与重金属形成配位作用的水溶性羧甲基壳聚糖(WSCC),研究了WSCC对镉的增溶、解吸行为,考察了pH、离子强度、有机质含量和WSCC初始浓度对镉的解吸影响。结果表明:WSCC对碳酸镉的增溶效果显著,当其质量浓度为2g/L时溶液中Cd2+可达到275mg/L;WSCC对镉解吸能力随着土壤中有机质含量的增加而降低,pH的升高、离子强度的增加和WSCC初始浓度的增加有利于镉的解吸;WSCC对镉污染土壤的解吸更符合准二级动力学方程,该静态解吸研究可以为镉污染土壤的修复提供基础信息及依据。  相似文献   

20.
液相色谱测定土壤中氟磺胺草醚残留量方法研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
采用甲醇/浓盐酸浸渍振荡提取,二氯甲烷萃取,经弗罗里硅土柱层析净化,用液相色谱法测定。方法的最低检出含量为0.02mg/kg,添加回收率在95.8% ̄96.6%之间。  相似文献   

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