高效原油降解菌处理油田采出水

利用油田采用废水中原有微生物种群分离驯化出的高效原油降解菌，通过单一菌种高效原油降解菌降解性能实验，高效混合菌正交实验，最佳组合菌株的连续生物处理油田采出水实验，都取得了处理低浓度含油废水的良好效果。这表明在常规物理，化学法处理油田采出水的基础上，利用生物再空度处理是可行的。     

热区高效石油降解菌降解性能的研究

通过降解成分的差异性筛选混合菌,并分析混合菌对石油的降解效率及性能。以原油、正十六烷和多环芳烃(萘、菲、蒽、芘按10∶1∶1∶1混合)为碳源,从海口近海岸表层(10~20 cm)沉积物中分离纯化出4株降解效率较高的菌种,经染色镜检和分子生物学鉴定,分别是曲霉属(Aspergillus)、希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和毕赤酵母属(Pichia)。结果表明:4种菌等比例混合构建的混合菌在第9天的原油最大降解效率(89.80%)高于单菌株曲霉属(48.24%)。分离得到的菌株具有降解多种石油成分的能力,混合菌中真菌与细菌可能存在协同作用。     

含机油废水微生物降解实验研究

从油污土壤中筛选分离出两株高效机油降解菌ZL1，ZL2，初步鉴定了黄杆菌属和微球菌属，通过生长条件正交实验测定了温度，底物浓度和pH对其降解能力的影响，在废水油浓度较高条件下进行了连续降解实验。结果表明：2d左右对于含油270mg/L的去除率分别达到67.9%和76．2％，其中ZL2菌对底物浓度和pH值有较广的适应范围。     

含机油废水微生物降解实验研究

从油污壤中筛选分离出两株高效机油降解菌ZL1、ZL2，初步鉴定为黄杆菌属和微球菌属。通过生长条件正交实验测定了温度、低温浓度和pH值对其降解能力的影响。在废水较高油浓度下进行了连续降解实验。实验表明：20d对于含油270mg／L的去除率分别达到67\9%呼76．2％，其中ZL2菌对底物浓度的pH值有较广的适应范围。     

高效石油降解菌的选育及其降解特性研究

从石油化工厂附近的污染土壤中分离到三株石油降解菌w1、w2和w3,经鉴定分别是不动杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属。初步研究了菌株的生长特性与其降解石油能力的关系,并将w1和w2进行紫外诱变得到诱变菌yw1和yw2。对诱变前后的菌株进行石油降解实验,结果表明,诱变前的菌株在原油浓度为4000mg/L培养液中培养10d,原油的降解率分别为74.34%和77.58%。而诱变菌株10d降解率达到了79.9%和87.3%。同时,诱变菌株还大大提高了对高浓度石油的耐受能力。     

太湖水中降解苯酚细菌的分布与降解能力研究

太湖水中降解苯酚的细菌有3个属，分别是假单胞菌属、微球菌属和芽孢杆菌属。芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属是降解苯酚的主要细菌。未驯化细菌对1mg/L苯酚的降解率介于70％～85％。驯化细菌对苯酚的降解能力有了很大提高，对60mg／L苯酚的降解率达到了60％，86％。CS1培养基适宜测试未驯化细菌对苯酚的降解能力，测试驯化细菌则要用CS2培养基。     

乳制品废水中细菌的分离培养

本文通过微生物分离技术和一些微生物特定的鉴定方法，对乳制品综合废水中细菌进行不同温度的增菌培养，分离，纯化对比试验及显微镜观察，根据各菌株的个体，群体形态和生理生化实验鉴定到菌属，实验结果可见，微球菌属，黄杆菌属，产碱杆菌属，假单胞菌属为乳制品废水的优势菌群，并且培养温度３０℃为最适温度。     

生物降解优势菌株的选育及其含油废水降解性能研究

从被含油废水长期污染的活性污泥中筛选出能降解该废水的优势菌种。经分离纯化得到4株不同的单一菌株。通过对各菌株降解能力的考察，其中菌株H1降解能力明显高于其它菌株。经利用正交试验法实验，得到H1菌属最适生长条件为40℃温度、pH9、NaCl浓度为0．5mol／L。该菌株降解含油废水的最佳使用条件为：pH7；温度30℃-40℃；培养时间为40h；最佳菌体接种量为每100mL废水中投加2．0mL；营养液中，生长因子是必需的营养成分；而且C／N最佳比值为3：1。H1菌株的降解率高出市售菌种的降解率20％以上，有效地解决了市售菌种因针对性不强而效果欠佳的难题，有望降低生产成本。     

生物膜处理高含油废水及膜表面微生物群落特性研究

利用单一铜绿假单胞菌NY3生物膜在敞开体系中（非无菌条件下）处理石油废水,结果发现,生物膜可高效率去除高浓度含油废水中的油类物质.在2g/L含油水样中,连续运行25d,石油烃去除率可持续保持约91.1%.停止进水后,曝气可使生物膜活性恢复.自然环境中,配伍于NY3菌生物膜中的微生物主要有芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌和红球菌属,其中在实验室能够培养出来的微生物经16SrRNA鉴定分别属于红球菌属和芽孢杆菌属,经检测,2株菌均有高的石油烃降解效率.     

石油降解菌的筛选鉴定及混合菌系的构建

采用富集分离方法从陕北某炼油厂石油污染土壤中筛选石油降解菌.通过生理生化试验和16SrDNA基因序列分析鉴定菌株种属;选取pH值、盐度、氮源、接种量和石油浓度作为单因素,探究不同单因素对菌株生长的影响;通过拮抗试验,构建石油降解混合菌系并探究其对石油降解效果.结果表明:从石油污染土壤中筛选出4株能够在含油培养基上生长良好的菌株,其分别属于不动杆菌属Acinetobacter(T2、T4、T5)和芽孢杆菌属Bacillus(T3);在单因素试验中pH值、盐度、氮源、接种量和石油浓度都会影响菌株的生长;4株菌无拮抗作用,对其同比例组合共构建15组菌系,接种量体积比1:1:1:1组成的混合菌系P在相同时间内石油降解率最高(89%),说明混合菌系P对石油具有高效降解能力.本试验结果旨在为修复石油污染土壤提供理论参考.     

Succession of bacterial community along with the removal of heavy crude oil pollutants by multiple biostimulation treatments in the Yellow River Delta, China

Multiple biostimulation treatments were applied to enhance the removal of heavy crude oil pollutants in the saline soil of Yellow River Delta. Changes of the soil bacterial community were monitored using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and clone library analyses. The 140-day microcosm experiments showed that low C:N:P ratio, high availability of surfactant and addition of bulking agent significantly enhanced the performance, leading to the highest total petroleum hydrocarbon removal. Meanwhile, the bacterial community was remarkably changed by the multiple biostimulation treatments, with the Deltaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes being inhibited and the Alpha- and Beta-proteobacteria and some unknown Gammaproteobacteria bacteria being enriched. In addition, different hydrocarbon-degraders came to power in the following turn. At the first stage, the Alcanivorax-veldXed Gammaproteobacteria bacteria dominated in the biostimulated soil and contributed mainly to the biodegradation of easily degradable portion of the heavy crude oil. Then the bacteria belonging to Alphaproteobacteria, followed by bacteria belonging to Candidate division OD1, became the dominant oil-degraders to degrade the remaining recalcitrant constituents of the heavy crude oil.     

海洋微生物降解石油的研究

从青岛近岩海水中分离、筛选到73株细菌和10株真菌，并对其降解石油的能力进行了研究，结果表明，多数菌具有明显的降解石油的能力，部分菌株对短链烷烃正已烷和芳香烃萘具有不同程度的降解能力，其中，有3个菌株对石油的生物降解率分别高达58.35％、62.75％、71.06％。     

Effcient degradation of lube oil by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier. Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Px1, Bacillus sp. Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the e ciency of lube oil utilization. The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances), which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 g glucose/(cm2 day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

Efficient degradation of lube off by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier.Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Pxl, Bacillus sp.Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the efficiency of lube oil utilization.The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances),which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 μg glucose/(cm~2·day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

玉门油田污染荒漠土壤石油降解菌多样性

为探索石油污染荒漠土壤石油降解微生物多样性、筛选高效石油降解菌,采用涂布平板法从石油污染荒漠土壤分离具有石油降解能力细菌,采用细菌形态观察和16S rRNA基因序列分析其多样性,并设计特异性引物,对分离细菌降解相关基因进行检测.结果表明,分离的37株细菌分别属于放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)、γ变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)、β变形菌纲(Betaproteobacteria)、芽孢杆菌纲(Bacilli)和α变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria),分别占35.14%、32.43%、13.51%、13.51%、5.41%,归属于21个属的34个种类.优势菌属为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、红球菌属(Rhodococcus)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)、无色杆菌属(Achromobacter)和葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus),占总数的51.35%,其中有36株细菌能以石油为唯一碳源稳定生长,对原油有明显的降解能力.在石油质量浓度为1 500 mg/L的基础培养基中,菌株YM43在培养7 d后对石油的降解率达55.47%,另有8株细菌的降解率不低于30.55%,11株细菌的降解率介于10.05%~28.37%,18株细菌的降解率不高于8.05%. PCR检测表明,有25株细菌含有烷烃单加氧酶基因,6株含芳烃双加氧酶基因,6株含联苯双加氧酶基因,4株含萘双加氧酶基因,3株含甲苯双加氧酶基因,2株含邻苯二酚双加氧酶基因.研究显示,石油污染荒漠土壤中可培养细菌具有高度多样性,分离的菌株有较强的石油降解能力,其降解功能与所存在的降解基因有关.      

共基质对优势菌降解原油的作用研究

以长期被石油污染的土壤为菌源,用原油作为唯一碳源进行驯化后,反复筛选、分离得到降解原油的优势6株(SY1~SY6),研究了初级共代谢基质和无机离子对优良菌降解原油的影响;并对所筛选出的6株菌进行混合菌的实验。结果发现,初级共代谢基质葡萄糖和乙醇加入可促进各菌株对原油的降解程度;混合菌的降解效果没有单一菌的除油效果好。     

2株海洋石油降解细菌的降解能力

为实施海洋石油污染的生物治理,从厦门储油码头油污水中分离得到了2株石油降解菌.它们能够在以柴油、萘或芘为唯一碳源的培养基中生长,并适应于海洋环境的温度、pH和盐度.它们对萘都有很强的降解能力,3d内降解率可达87.53%和84.01%;7 d内对芘降解率分别为8.35%、5.37%.经16S rDNA同源性分析表明2菌株之间及其与施氏假单胞菌的同源性皆为99%;Biolog生化鉴定也表明它们为不同的菌株.通过兼并PCR扩增,序列分析发现2种菌编码完全相同的萘双加氧酶基因,该基因与其它假单胞菌的萘双加氧酶大亚基有98%同源性.     

污染土壤中菲降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解能力

利用水-硅油双相系统富集培养和平板升华方法,从被多环芳烃(PAHs)污染的表层土壤中筛选分离得到10株能利用菲为唯一碳源和能源生长的菌株. 这10株菌在无机盐培养基中10 d内对初始质量浓度为50 mg/L的菲的去除率为27.6%～55.3%,其中一些菌株混合可提高或降低菲的去除率;通过形态观察、生理生化指标测定及分子生物学分析(16S rDNA)等方法对其中3株具有较高降解能力的菌株(分别定名为PE0402-5,PE0902-1和PE1501-1)进行鉴定. 这3株菌的16S rDNA序列分别与Gordonia,Mycobacterium以及Azospirillum 3个属的相似性达100%,99%和99%. 结合分离菌株的形态、生理生化特征和16S rDNA基因序列的分析结果,初步鉴定菌株PE0402-5为戈登氏菌(Gordonia sp.),PE0902-1为分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium sp.),PE1501-1为固氮螺菌(Azospirillum sp.).      

咪唑乙烟酸降解菌的分离、鉴定及其降解特性研究

从生产咪唑乙烟酸化工厂排污口的污泥和长期施用咪唑乙烟酸的混合土壤中分离到1株能降解咪唑乙烟酸的细菌.该菌株在72h内对500mS/L的咪唑乙烟酸降解率达到90%以上. pU为5时,500mS/L的咪唑乙烟酸72h内可全部降解,而pU 8和pH9条件下,72h咪唑乙烟酸的降解率仅为50%左右,酸性条件比碱性条件更适合降解菌的生长.25℃和30℃条件下,降解菌对咪唑乙烟酸的降解效率较高.25℃, pH 5是降解菌对咪唑乙烟酸降解的最佳条件.从形态特征、生理生化特性及 16S rRNA序列分析鉴定该菌株属于产碱菌属.