An environmental assessment method for cleaner production technologies

An environmental assessment method for cleaner production technologies enabling quantitative analysis of environmental impact is presented.The proposed method is based on material and energy flows and uses a set of profile indices, including raw material, energy, waste, product and packaging profiles that describe all material and energy flows related to the technology under investigation. The indices are used as a basis for determining an integrated index for overall environmental assessment of cleaner production technologies.The presented method can be employed to evaluate environmental nuisance of implemented, modernised and modified technological processes and products as well to perform comparative analyses of alternative technologies.     

New findings on the generation of waste and emissions, and a modified cleaner production assessment approach-illustrated by leather production

New findings on the causes of waste and emissions, which were obtained from analysing numerous material streams in various sectors of industry, are presented in this article. It describes the implications of these findings for the vision of clean production, for formulating environmental policy concerning cleaner production targets, for the opportunities to assess to what extent the cleaner production targets have been met, and for the cleaner production assessment. A modified cleaner production assessment approach is presented, and illustrated using leather production as an example. The consequent implications for the diffusion of cleaner production are discussed.     

电解铝清洁生产评价及其管理系统的开发研究

通过研究电解铝清洁生产评价指标体系及其评价方法,分析了电解铝清洁生产评价工作的特点和存在的问题,开发了电解铝清洁生产评价管理系统.系统的功能结构主要包括系统管理、清洁生产评价指标管理、参评企业信息管理、清洁生产评价四个部分.通过实际运行,本系统可以对电解铝清洁生产评价指标的信息进行查询、修改和更新,能够对企业进行清洁生产评价,是有关部门和电解铝生产企业开展清洁生产评价的有效工具,能有力推动电解铝行业清洁生产的发展.     

Assessment of cleaner production options for alcohol industry of China: a study in the Shouguang Alcohol Factory

The alcohol industry in China makes an important contribution to the national economy. However, the associated pollution problems cause gradual deterioration of the ambient environment and adverse impacts on the local community. Cleaner production (CP) technology, as an effective way to reduce waste emission and save resources, has been widely employed in the alcohol industry across the developed countries. In China, although such technologies have been applied in a number of factories, an integrated assessment and implementation procedure is lacking for proceeding with practical CP technologies for alcohol factories in China. To solve such problems, a series of cleaner production options are proposed and assessed in this study. Five groups of CP options were screened, on factory survey, expert questionnaires, and integrated assessment. With the consideration of environmental impacts and economic efficiency, four CP options combined with various advanced CP technologies, such as high-concentration wort fermenting, CO₂ reuse, different pressure distilling, methane and fertilizer production, were proposed. To verify the proposed options, a case study was carried out in the Shouguang Alcohol Factory (SAF), East China. The characteristics of resources consumption and waste emission during the production process were identified. A comprehensive evaluation of the proposed options was conducted from different aspects. An integrated cleaner production system based on the proposed options was formed and then implemented in the factory. Through the four years of practice, the productivity/quality of alcohol product were improved, but and the reduction of waste and pollution were achieved as well as a marked increase in water/energy savings. This study provides theoretical and practical support for extensive application of cleaner production technologies and sustainable development in the alcohol industry of China.     

Cleaner production as climate investment—integrated assessment in Taiyuan City,China

Taiyuan, one of the most polluted cities in the world, is the first cleaner production demonstration city in China. We assess energy related cleaner production projects in Taiyuan from the point of view of climate change and integrated assessment. In the assessment we develop a rather detailed methodology that relies on a battery of chained models All of the projects improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions. Still, we find that their environmental health benefit differs substantially. The projects are treated similarly from point of view of funding and the regularatory process. Yet, we find that their cost differs substantially, and there is no proportionality between costs and benefits. The finding could supplement explanations of cleaner production progress that rely on financial and institutional barriers. We also ask if the positive attitude to cleaner production in China may help the country introduce greenhouse gas saving projects under another name. It turns out that some, but not all of the projects we analyse have significant greenhouse gas reduction potential. The possibility for foreign funding as CDM projects is discussed.     

硫酸法钛白生产水洗工序清洁生产技术初探

通过开展水洗工段用水审计并试验了温度、偏钛酸ξ电位和漂白工艺对水洗的影响效果，从实践和理论上探讨了为其提高钛白质量改进水洗工艺的清洁生产方案的可行性和合理性。     

浅议环境影响评价中的清洁生产

从清洁生产的定义出发，提出将清洁生产引入环境影响评价的好处，并指出环境影响评价中清沽生产的评价内容。     

环境影响评价的清洁生产分析

从清洁生产的基本概念出发，提出以生产工艺的资源消耗和污染物排放为评价指标进行洁洁生产分析，并举实例分析。     

清洁生产与环境影响评价关系的探讨

在环境影响评价中,对清洁生产的分析存在缺乏标准、方法、规范,缺乏定量指标体系和各参与方对清洁生产的认识和理解不深等问题.应将清洁生产审核纳入基建程序、尽快颁布行业清洁生产技术标准,出台相关技术规范,统一评价方法,以协调清洁生产和环境影响评价之间的关系.     

清洁生产在环境影响评价中的应用

当前的环境影响评价在某种程度上更侧重于环境的末端治理,无法将污染控制与生产过程控制密切结合,资源和能源不能在生产过程中得到充分利用。而清洁生产在这方面却有着独特的特点和优势。根据清洁生产与环境影响评价的内在联系,尽快地将清洁生产纳入环境影响评价是具有重要意义的,清洁生产不仅是环境影响评价报告中的重要内容,同时应在环境影响评价中得到充分应用。     

液化天然气项目的清洁生产分析

清洁生产是中国实施可持续发展的主要举措,清洁生产分析评价也是环境影响评价中的重要组成部分。本文以陕北一液化天然气建设项目为例,主要从生产工艺与装备、资源与能源利用、产品、污染物产生、废物回收综合利用等五方面进行定性或定量分析,鉴于国内目前尚未制定液化天然气的清洁生产指标,本文仅通过分析得出项目是否符合清洁生产要求的明确结论,并提出项目改进清洁生产的实施方案建议,为环境影响评价中清洁生产的编写提供一些思路。     

环境影响评价中的清洁生产分析

通过对清洁生产概念的分析,阐述了清洁生产与环境影响评价的关系,并通过实例论证了在环境影响评价中进行清洁生产分析的优越性.     

废纸制浆造纸业环境影响评价的清洁生产分析

文章介绍了清洁生产的涵义和评价内容,明确了清洁生产分析在建设项目环境影响评价工作中的必要性。以重庆某废纸制浆造纸厂为分析对象,从原辅材料指标、产品指标、资源指标、工艺技术与装备水平、能耗指标及污染物产生指标这六个方面对该厂生产工艺进行了有效而全面的清洁生产分析,并以此探讨废纸制浆造纸厂环境影响评价中清洁生产分析的指标体系、指标权值和评价方法,为完成废纸制浆造纸行业环评过程中的清洁生产分析提供参考。     

医药厂环境影响评价的清洁生产分析

介绍了清洁生产的涵义和评价内容,探讨并建立了医药厂环境影响评价清洁生产分析的指标体系、指标权值和评价方法,以海南某医药厂为分析对象,对该厂环境影响评价进行了有效而全面的清洁生产分析,提出了医药厂环境影响评价清洁生产分析的建议,是医药厂环境影响评价清洁生产分析的一次新尝试.     

清洁生产审计在环境影响评价中的应用

在建设项目环境影响评价现状基础上,提出清洁生产的概念,并将清洁生产审计贯穿于环境影响评价工作中,同时对清洁生产下的环境影响评价程序及方法等进行了分析,指出了今后环境影响评价工作的发展方向。     

基于主成分分析的焦化行业清洁生产评价

根据<清洁生产标准-炼焦行业>(HJ/T126-2003)标准开展焦化建设项目清洁生产评价,评价指标达87个,存在数据收集困难的问题,并且采用标准对比法进行清洁生产评价只能得出每个评价指标清洁生产级别,为了明确焦化建设项目清洁生产水平和行业清洁生产水平间的关系,以河北省符合国家焦化行业产业政策的8家企业为样本,采用主成...     

基于LCA方法的水泥企业清洁生产审核

水泥行业是典型的高能耗、高污染的工业,其快速发展带来了严重的资源、能源、环境等问题.因此,本文选择生命周期评价方法(LCA)作为清洁生产审核工具,对大连某水泥企业进行了清洁生产审核.本文在调研水泥工艺及现状的基础上,运用生命周期评价方法对水泥生产过程中原料开采、运输、生料制备、煤粉制备、熟料煅烧及水泥粉磨阶段进行清单分析与建模.采用了生命周期评价软件Gabi4进行清单计算与分析,评价模型为CML2001Dec07特征化模型.在整个水泥生产过程中考虑了全球变暖,人体毒性,环境酸化等环境影响类型,得出整个生命周期中石灰石和煤炭的资源能源耗竭潜值和资源消耗量最大,而环境排放影响中熟料煅烧阶段对各个类型的环境影响远远高于其他几个阶段,同时熟料煅烧过程中排放的二氧化碳等温室气体的影响最严重.最终根据评价分析结果确定清洁生产审核重点并提出了清洁生产方案,并且在清洁生产方案中选择其中最重要的余热发电方案,进行余热发电清洁生产方案前后环境影响比较和清洁生产方案量化分析.     

基于改进支持向量机的石煤提钒行业清洁生产评价研究

采用遗传算法(GA)对支持向量机(SVM)进行改进,并将其应用于石煤提钒行业清洁生产评价.在系统研究石煤提钒工艺类型的基础上,根据前期已建立的石煤提钒行业清洁生产评价指标体系,提出GA改进SVM的应用思路,通过对3种工艺类型企业的现场数据采集,形成训练和测试样本,并利用GA算法确定出各类参数(惩罚参数C和核函数参数g),分别为强酸浸工艺C=2.1049,g=5.2184;弱酸浸工艺C=0.0035286,g=1.9947;水浸工艺C=0.39587,g=1.4105.GA-SVM模型测试结果表明,分类精度达到100%.通过与其他评价方法对比表明,训练好的GA-SVM方法针对小样本数据在分类精度和可操作性上都较其他方法有明显优势,实现了对石煤提钒行业清洁生产水平的定量评价.     

磷矿山清洁生产评价指标体系的构建——以贵阳市磷矿山为例

通过对磷矿山清洁生产评价指标选取原则和筛选方法的确定。并结合磷矿山的实际情况,经过多次专家咨询,从而筛选出适合磷矿山清洁生产的具体评价指标。并按层次分析法（AHP）的特点确定目标层、准则层、指标层、指标因子层四个层次,其中,目标层有1项;准则层有6项;指标层有28项;指标因子层有9项,最后建立磷矿山清洁生产评价指标体系,这将为磷矿采选业清洁生产评价提供技术支持和导向,从而有助于磷矿企业推行清洁生产技术,实现可持续发展。     

畜禽养殖业氨氮总量控制减排技术评估研究

畜禽养殖业是"十二五"期间氨氮总量减排的重点,其清洁生产与末端治理技术种类繁多,不同技术在不同应用条件下减排效果差别显著。深入分析了国内外畜禽养殖业发展与污染现状,系统归纳了国内畜禽养殖业氨氮总量减排技术区域特征,综合使用层次-灰色综合评判法、费用-效益法、表单法等对氨氮总量减排技术进行了综合性的评价研究,构建了基于面向服务架构(SOA)的氨氮减排技术评估咨询平台。结果表明,氨氮总量减排技术评估方法与平台可大幅度提高技术评价的效率和精确度,可广泛应用于企业和管理部门氨氮减排的工程技术与环境管理工作。