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1.
Government priorities on provincial Nutrient Management Planning (NMP) programs include improving the program effectiveness for environmental quality protection, and promoting more widespread adoption. Understanding the effect of NMP on both crop yield and key water-quality parameters in agricultural watersheds requires a comprehensive evaluation that takes into consideration important NMP attributes and location-specific farming conditions. This study applied the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to investigate the effects of crop and rotation sequence, tillage type, and nutrient N application rate on crop yield and the associated groundwater ${\text{NO}_{3}}^{ - } {\text{-N }}$ leaching and sediment loss. The SWAT model was applied to the Thomas Brook Watershed, located in the most intensively managed agricultural region of Nova Scotia, Canada. Cropping systems evaluated included seven fertilizer application rates and two tillage systems (i.e., conventional tillage and no-till). The analysis reflected cropping systems commonly managed by farmers in the Annapolis Valley region, including grain corn-based and potato-based cropping systems, and a vegetable-horticulture system. ANOVA models were developed and used to assess the effects of crop management choices on crop yield and two water-quality parameters (i.e., ${\text{NO}_{3}}^{ - } {\text{-N }}$ leaching and sediment loading). Results suggest that existing recommended N-fertilizer rate can be reduced by 10–25 %, for grain crop production, to significantly lower ${\text{NO}_{3}}^{ - } {\text{-N }}$ leaching ( P > 0.05) while optimizing the crop yield. The analysis identified the nutrient N rates in combination with specific crops and rotation systems that can be used to manage ${\text{NO}_{3}}^{ - } {\text{-N }}$ leaching while balancing impacts on crop yields within the watershed. 相似文献
2.
From 1992–1996, 3204 artificial roosts of 9 types were placed in woodlots near Indianapolis International Airport in an effort
to provide habitat for the federally-endangered Indiana myotis ( Myotis sodalis) and to determine the feasibility of using these structures to manage bats in a rapidly developing suburban area. We surveyed
these structures at least annually during 1992–1999 and found only northern myotis ( Myotis septentrionalis) regularly using the structures. Four other species were occasionally found using structures including big brown bats ( Eptesicus fuscus, n = 14 individuals), little brown myotis ( Myotis lucifugus, n = 2), Indiana myotis ( Myotis sodalis, n = 2), and one silver-haired bat ( Lasionycteris noctivagans). Single, triple, and Missouri-style batboxes were almost always used, rather than the six other types of experimental roosts
that had been in place. However, after 10 years in place, it appears that Indiana bats are acclimated to boxes, as 6 of them
were being used rather regularly by Indiana myotis. Bat boxes can provide roosting habitat for some species under conditions
where few suitable roosts exist, but assuring an abundance of natural habitats is usually more desirable for conservation
of tree-roosting bats. 相似文献
3.
We report the results of a study of the influence of extremely-weak alternating magnetic fields (EW AMF) directed co-linearly
to the static Earth’s magnetic field on the rate of regeneration in planarians and also on the rate of gravitropic response
in the stem segments of flax. In particular we obtained the data on the dependence of the value of bioeffects on the amplitude
(at fixed 60 Hz—frequency) and on the frequency (at fixed 1.6 μT—amplitude) of the alternating component. Our data show unambiguously
that EW AMF substantially affect the properties of the biosystems. The experimental data may be approximated by the theoretical
expression following directly from a general formula, derived in the theory of magnetic parametric resonance. Our data indicate
that the nuclear spins of hydrogen atoms serve as the primary targets for the action of the EW AMF on the biosystems. The
values of bioeffects of combined magnetic fields with extremely weak alternating component are completely determined by the
parameter , where γ = 42.578 Hz/μT—gyromagnetic ratio of the nuclear spins of hydrogen atoms, and and f correspond to magnetic induction and frequency of the alternating magnetic component. The dependence of bioeffect’s
value on —parameter is polyextremal: well expressed maxima are observed at and minor maxima at . The bioeffects are absent at , 3.8, 5.3, 6.7. At the values of the bioeffect changes its sign—activation of planarian’s regeneration starts to be replaced by its inhibition. The inhibition
takes place for the range of the amplitudes from 10 to 140 μT. The observed change in the sign of the effect may result to
the prevalence of the effects caused by the induction of the alternating currents in the test-system at relatively high —amplitudes. These results provide the basis for planning of the epidemiological studies and interpretation of the corresponding
results. 相似文献
4.
An index based method is developed that ranks the subwatersheds of a watershed based on their relative impacts on watershed
response to anticipated land developments, and then applied to an urbanizing watershed in Eastern Pennsylvania. Simulations
with a semi-distributed hydrologic model show that computed low- and high-flow frequencies at the main outlet increase significantly
with the projected landscape changes in the watershed. The developed index is utilized to prioritize areas in the urbanizing
watershed based on their contributions to alterations in the magnitude of selected flow characteristics at two spatial resolutions.
The low-flow measure, 7 Q10, rankings are shown to mimic the spatial trend of groundwater recharge rates, whereas average annual maximum daily flow,
, and average monthly median of daily flows, , rankings are influenced by both recharge and proximity to watershed outlet. Results indicate that, especially with the higher
resolution, areas having quicker responses are not necessarily the more critical areas for high-flow scenarios. Subwatershed
rankings are shown to vary slightly with the location of water quality/quantity criteria enforcement. It is also found that
rankings of subwatersheds upstream from the site of interest, which could be the main outlet or any interior point in the
watershed, may be influenced by the time scale of the hydrologic processes. 相似文献
5.
The wildland–urban interface (WUI) is the region where development meets and intermingles with wildlands. The WUI has an elevated fire risk due to the proximity of development and residents to wildlands with natural wildfire regimes. Existing methods of delineating WUI are typically applied over a large region, use proxies for risk, and do not consider site-specific fire hazard drivers. While these models are appropriate for federal and provincial risk management, municipal managers require models intended for smaller regions. The model developed here uses the Burn-P3 fire behavior model to model WUI from local fire susceptibility (FS) in two study communities. Forest fuel code (FFC) maps for the study communities were modified using remote sensing data to produce detailed forest edges, including ladder fuels, update data currency, and add buildings and roads. The modified FFC maps used in Burn-P3 produced bimodal FS distributions for each community. The WUI in these communities was delineated as areas within community bounds where FS was greater than or equal to ?1 SD from the mean FS value ( ${\text{WUI}} = {\text{FS}} \geqslant - 1 \, [\bar \chi - \sigma ]$ ), which fell in the trough of the bimodal distribution. The WUI so delineated conformed to the definition of WUI. This model extends WUI modeling for broader risk management initiatives for municipal management of risk, as it (a) considers site-specific drivers of fire behavior; (b) models risk, represented by WUI, specific to a community; and, (c) does not use proxies for risk. 相似文献
6.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF THE ECONOMY AND OTHER ESSAYS Richard Stone Chapman and Hall, 1970, 335 pp. £5. ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING FOR CHILDREN'S PLAY Arvid Bengtsson Crosby Lockwood and Son Ltd. £4.50. DESIGN WITH NATURE Ian L. McHarg Natural History Press, New York, $19.95. 相似文献
7.
Common Property Economics: A General Theory and Land Use Applications Glenn G. Stevenson Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992, XIV + 256pp., £35 Controversial Issues in Environmental Policy: Science vs Economics vs Politics Kent E. Portney London, Sage, 1992, 181 pp. £22.00 hb., £10.95 pb. Economics of Natural Resources and the Environment E. Kula London, Chapman & Hall, 1992, 287 pp., £40 Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming: Mitigation, Adaptation and the Science Base Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy (US), Panel on Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 1992, xxiii + 918 pp., $89.95 hb. Contemporary Rural Systems in Transition, Volume 1: Agriculture and Environment, Volume 2: Economy and Society I. Bowler, C. Bryant & M.Nellis (Eds) Wallingford, CAB International, 1992, 288 pp. + 336 pp., £35 + £40 (2 vols. £70) hb. Third World Cities: Problems, Policies and Prospects John Kasarda & Allan Parnell (Eds) London, Sage, 1993, 310 pp., £19.50 pb. Pricing the European Environment Stale Navrud (Ed) Oxford, Oxford University Press/Scandinavian University Press, 1992, 288 pp., £30.00 hb. 相似文献
8.
Biodiesel is a promising fuel for compression ignition engines instead of diesel fuel. Due to the depletion of diesel fuel, an alternative fuel can be used in an engine. The experiments were conducted on a four-stroke, single cylinder CI engine. In this present investigation, an attempt has been made to study the influence of injection pressure (IP) and injection timing (IT) on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines by using mixed biodiesel ( Thevetia peruviana, Jatropha, Pongamia, and Azadirachta indica). The injection pressure is varied from 200 to 230 bar and the injection timing is varied from 23 to 29° bTDC at an increment of 10 bar and 2° bTDC, respectively, and the results were compared with diesel. From this study, the results showed that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was increased by 2.4% with an increase in injection pressure and 1.5% with an increase in the injection timing for the maximum load, but lesser than diesel. Furthermore, a reduction of 5.08% of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) has been noticed for the rise in IP and IT with loads but higher than diesel. The reduction was 34.17%, 53.85%, and 29.7% and 29.17%, 53.85%, and 21.95% of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and smoke emissions, respectively, at 230 bar injection pressure and at 27° bTDC injection timing. Also, a significant increase in nitrogen oxides (NO x) and carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions at the maximum load was observed by increasing the injection pressure and injection timing. 相似文献
9.
Planning theory Andreas Faludi Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1973. Hard cover £4.75, flexi‐cover £3. PLANNING AND THE INNOVATION PROCESS (Progress in Planning, Vol. 1, Part 3) Ray Jefferson Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1973 THRESHOLD ANALYSIS MANUAL Scottish Development Department H.M.S.O., London, 1973. £6 THE PLANNER IN SOCIETY: THE CHANGING ROLE OF A PROFESSION David Eversley Faber and Faber, London, 1973. £4.75. SUB‐REGIONAL PLANNING STUDIES: AN EVALUATION T. M. Cowling and G. C. Steeley Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1973. £3.80 SKETCHBOOKS OF PAOLO SOLERI Paolo Soleri. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1971. ARCOLOGY: THE CITY IN THE IMAGE OF MAN. Paolo Soleri. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, 1969. FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED AND THE AMERICAN ENVIRONMENTAL TRADITION Albert Fein George Braziller, New York. $10.00 cloth. $3.95 paper. ECOLOGY AND RECLAMATION OF DEVASTED LAND (2 vols.) ed. Russel Hutnick and Grant Davis Gordon and Breach, New York, 1973. £25.00. MAN MADE THE LAND: Essays in English Historical Geography Ed. Alan R. H. Baker and J. B. Harley. David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 1973. £5.25. THE UNKNOWN URBAN REALM (Vol. 2, Europe 2,000, Project 3, Urbanization, Planning Human Environment in Europe) U. Neveling, R. Sulzer, W. Ubbens, G. Wersig. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1973. 相似文献
10.
French Land Use Planning in the Fifth Republic: Real or imagined decentralisation? Irene B. Wilson, Nijmeegse Planologische Cahiers No. 27, Geografisch en Planologisch Instituut, Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, Netherlands, 1988. 228pp. ISBN 90–70219–23–9. Environmental and Resource Economics: an Introduction Common, M. (1988). Longman i‐xiv 1–319. The Greening of Aid: Sustainable Livelihoods in Practice. C. Conroy & M. Litvinoff (Eds.) Earthscan Publications Ltd, London, 1989, pp.293, £8.95 (pb). Private Supply of Public Services: Evaluation of Real Estate Exactions, Linkage, and Alternative Land Policies. Rachelle Alterman (Ed), New York University Press, 1988. 273pp, ISBN 0–8147–0589–8. City Politics Hegemonic Projects and Discourse, by Maarten A. Hajer, published by Avebury Press, the Gower Publishing Company Ltd 1989, 140 pp. The Genius Of The Place The English Landscape Garden 1620–1820 John Dixon Hunt and Petér Willis. Price £12.50 (Paperback) & £26.95 (Cloth). M.I.T. Press. Vacationscape Designing Tourist Regions — 1988 2nd Ed. Clare A. Gunn, New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, $34.95 (cloth) Loft Living — Culture and Capital in Urban Change Sharon Zukin. Published, British Edition ‘Radius (Century Hudson) London, 1988 Price £8.95. First Pub. U.S. John Hopkins University Press, 1982. Note: The British Edition has an added Chapter ’More Market Forces’. William Kent Landscape Garden Designer John Dixon Hunt. A. Zwemmer Ltd London. 1987, 176pp. The Pattern of Landscape Sylvia Crowe and Mary Mitchell (1988). Packard Publishing Ltd, Chichester. 127pp, 161 photographs. Price £30. ISBN 185341 020. International Environmental Diplomacy Edited by J. E. Carroll 相似文献
11.
Shadrach Woods, The Man in the Street, Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1975 W. Houghton Evans, Planning Cities, London, Lawrence & Wishart, 1975, £7 R. Taylor, M. Cox & I. Dickens eds., Britain's Planning Heritage, London, Croom Helm for The Royal Town Planning Institute, 1975. £5.75 (hardcover) £3.50 (paperback) Development Plan Evaluation and Robustness: Application of an Analytical Programme and a Review of Measures of Performance, Department of the Environment Research Report 5 Local Government Operations Research Unit Report C217, 1976. Gratis. J. Appleton, The Experience of Landscape, London, John Wiley, 1975 J. D. Hunt & P. Willis eds., The Genius of the Place: The English Landscape Garden 1620–1820, London, Paul Elek, 1976. £12.50 N. Pevsner, Staffordshire, Harmondsworth, Middx., Penguin Buildings of England Series, 1974, £3.50 (hardcover) R. Bailey & M. Brake eds., Radical Social Work, London: Edward Arnold, 1975. £4.25 (hardcover) £1.95 (paperback) and The Use of Action Research in Developing Urban Planning Policy: Report of Colloquium, Bristol, June 1975 London, Department of the Environment, 1975. M. Harloe, Swindon: A Town in Transition, London, Heinemann for the centre for Environmental Studies, 1975. D. W. Pearce ed., The Economics of Natural Resource Depletion, London, Macmillan, 1975. J. B. Goddard, Office Location in Urban and Regional Development B. Fullerton, The Development of British Transport Networks B. T. Robson, Urban Social Areas P. L. Knox, Social Well‐Being: A Spatial Perspective Four volumes in the Theory and Practice in Geography series, edited by J. W. House, A. S. Gouldie & J. H. C. Patten and published by Oxford University Press, 1975. All paperback at £0.90. James A. Swan & William B. Stapp eds., Environmental Education: Strategies Toward a More Liveable Future, Halstead Press — John Wiley, 1974. A. G. Wilson & M. J. Kirkby, Mathematics for Geographers and Planners, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975 相似文献
12.
REGIONAL PLANNING: A COMPREHENSIVE VIEW JEREMY ALDEN and ROBERT MORGAN Leonard Hill Books, Intertext, London, 1974. £6. MAN‐MADE FUTURES: READINGS IN SOCIETY, TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN NIGEL CROSS, DAVID ELLIOTT and ROBIN ROY (EDS.) Hutchinson Educational in association with Open University Press, London, 1974. 365 pp., cased £5, paperback £2.75. CITY OF BIRMINGHAM STRUCTURE PLAN: WRITTEN STATEMENT NEVILLE BORG (City Engineer) City of Birmingham, 1973. DESIGNING FOR HUMAN BEHAVIOUR: ARCHITECTURE AND THE BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES (Community Development Series. Series Editor, Richard P. Dober.) JON LANG, CHARLES BURNETTE, WALTER MOLESKI and DAVID VACHON (EDS.) Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Inc., Stroudsburg, Pa., 1974. 352 pp., S20 (U.K. price not stated). THE BOOK OF GARDEN ORNAMENT PETER HUNT (ED.) J. M. Dent & Co., London, 1974. £9.75. AMENITY AND URBAN PLANNING DAVID L. SMITH Crosby Lockwood Staples, London, 1974. 198 pp. £4.50. 相似文献
13.
Rebuilding the City: Property‐led Urban Regeneration P. Healey, S. Davoudi, M. O'Toole, S. Tavsanoglu & D. Usher (Eds) London, E. & F. N. Spon, 1992, 312 pp., £30 Der Wert stadtnaher Wälder als Erholungsraum: Eine ökonomishce Analyse am Beispiel von Lugano (Value of Urban Forests as Recreational Areas: An Economic Analysis on the Case of Lugano) Claudia Nielsen Chur (Switzerland), Verlag Rüegger, 1992, 261 pp., SFr 48 Urban Planning under Thatcherism: The Challenge of the Market A. Thornley London, Routledge, 1991, 253 pp., £14.99 Sustainable Development and Urban Form, European Research in Regional Science 2 M. J. Breheny (Ed) London, Pion, Limited, 1992, 292 pp., £28.00. Tourism, Museums and the Local Economy: The Economic Impact of the North of England Open Air Musuem at Beamish Peter Johnson & Barry Thomas Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 1992, 160 pp., £29.50 相似文献
14.
A DEVELOPING STRATEGY FOR THE WEST MIDLANDS Report by The West Midland Regional Study, 1971. N.p.s ARCHITECTURE BY TEAM W. W. Caudill Van Nostrand Reinhold, N.Y. £9.00 KINETIC ARCHITECTURE William Zuk and Roger H. Clark London: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1970 164pp. including plates and diagrams. £7.50 LANDSCAPE AND ANTIQUITY: Aspects of English Culture at Sourhead 1718 to 1838 Kenneth Woodbridge Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1970. £5.00 A HISTORY OF GARDENS AND GARDENING Edward Hyams J. M. Dent, London. £7.50 相似文献
15.
European Environmental Yearbook Achille Cutrera, DocTer/Institute for Environmental Studies, Milan (compilers) London, DocTer International, 1991, 897 pp., £60 (plus p. & p.) House Building in Britain's Countryside Mark Shucksmith London, Routledge, 1990, 234 pp., £35 相似文献
16.
The Economics of Art and Culture: An American Perspective James Heilbrun & Charles M. Gray New York, Cambridge University Press, 1993, 378 pp., £14.95 pb Building Cities that Work Edmund Fowler Montreal & Kingston, McGill‐Queen's University Press, 1992, 315 pp. Interactive Decision Making: The Graph Model for Conflict Resolution Liping Fang, Keith W. Hipel & D. Marc Kilgour New York, Wiley, 1993, 221 pp., £49.50 The Politics of Nature: Explorations in Green Political Theory Andrew Dobson & Paul Lucardie (Eds) London, Routledge, 1993, 240 pp. + xv, £37.50 Urban Transport in Asia: An Operational Agenda for the 1990s, World Bank Technical Paper No. 224 Peter Midgley Washington, DC, The World Bank, 1994, 98 pp. Landscape Ecology: Theory and Application, 2nd edition Zev Naveh & Arthur Lieberman New York, Springer‐Verlag, £34.50 相似文献
17.
A fused silica capillary reactor combined with a heating/cooling stage, a microscope and a digital camera were used to investigate phase behavior during the hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae ( Dunaliella tertiolecta) and model compounds, including soya protein and glycine, starch, glucose and xylose, stearic acid and palmitic acid. Bubbles were generated at 246°C and disappeared at 360°C upon heating when Dunaliella tertiolecta used as feedstocks. Moreover, liquid products were generated at 300°C upon heating and oily liquid products began to separate out at 250°C upon cooling. The phase behavior of soya protein was similar to that of the Dunaliella tertiolecta. Meanwhile, there only observed the bubbles generation during hydrothermal liquefaction of glycine. Heating the starch, glucose and xylose above 350°C generated black solids from carbonization. Stearic acid and palmitic acid only had the process of melting, dissolution, dispersion and precipitation. 相似文献
18.
Environmental Economics R. K. Turner, D. W. Pearce & I. Bateman London, Harvester Wheatsheaf 1994, 328 pp., £10.95 pb. Gray World, Green Heart: Technology, Nature, and the Sustainable Landscape Robert L. Thayer Jr New York, Wiley, 1994, 332 pp., £32.95 hb 相似文献
20.
Cost Benefit Analysis of Environmental Change Per‐Olov Johansson Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1993, 232 pp., £13.95 Computerised Environmental Modelling: A Practical Introduction using Excel J. Hardisty, D. M. Taylor & S. E. Metcalfe Chichester, Wiley, 1993, 204 pp., £14.95 Keeping Pace with Science and Engineering: Case Studies in Environmental Regulation Washington DC, US National Academy of Engineering, 1993 World Without End: Economics, Environment and Sustainable Development D. W. Pearce & J. J. Warford Oxford University Press, New York, 1993, 440 pp., £35.95 相似文献
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