基于ALOHA软件模拟环氧丙烷储罐泄漏事故

环氧丙烷是一种高危险性的基本有机化工原料,储罐发生泄漏时会引发人员中毒、闪火、蒸气云爆炸、池火灾以及BLEVE等5类事故,采用ALOHA软件对这5类事故进了模拟计算,定量得出了各类事故的活性危害范围。其中,人员中毒和BLEVE火球热辐射的危害范围最大,其次是闪火和蒸气云爆炸,最后是池火灾。研究结果可以为环氧丙烷储罐泄漏事故救援提供有效的技术支持。     

液化石油气火灾爆炸环境风险后果影响分析研究

研究以液化石油气火灾/爆炸事故为对象,通过TNT当量系数法和BLEVE火球热辐射模型法计算分析,结果表明：（1）火灾爆炸事故的危害后果一般随距离增加而降低;（2）沸腾液体扩展蒸汽云爆炸（BLEVE）的事故后果比蒸汽云爆炸（VCE）严重;（3）危险物质泄漏引发的火灾爆炸事故的环境风险后果计算可以采用这两种方法,同时其计算结果能为环境突发事件应急管理和决策提供基础数据.     

基于ALOHA模型的液氨储罐泄漏污染的定量预测分析研究

危险化学品泄漏时将会产生中毒、火灾和爆炸等事故。ALOHA模型能够根据危险化学品的泄漏和气象条件对事故进行模拟,描述不同程度危害范围的大小和区域。本文以池州市东至天孚化工有限公司的液氨储罐为背景,利用ALOHA模型对液氨泄露事故别进行了计算模拟。通过选择对应的关注水平,得到相应的受威胁区域范围进行分析;。     

危险化学品罐车泄漏事故伤害后果研究

以装载介质为液化石油气、煤油、甲胺、乙醛、丙酮5种具有燃烧危害与毒性伤害的危险化学品运输罐车为研究对象,运用Thomas池火灾标准经验公式,计算了无风工况下油品罐车发生池火灾时距离与入射热辐射强度的对应关系,以及不同载重的油品罐车发生池火灾时热辐射伤害的死亡半径、重伤半径和轻伤半径,并通过ALOHA风险建模程序,模拟了不同风况下分别装载甲胺、乙醛和丙酮3种危险介质的运输罐车泄漏发生火灾与中毒事故时,火灾热辐射、蒸气可燃、毒气扩散3种事故后果对泄漏源邻近区域的伤害影响范围。结果表明:模拟工况完全相同时,液化石油气罐车泄漏发生池火灾的危害后果大于煤油罐车;相同泄漏场景下,甲胺的火灾热辐射危害、蒸气可燃危害和毒气扩散危害的影响区域均大于乙醛和丙酮。     

化学实验室事故应急处置对策

分析了化学实验室中的化学品事故类型及典型事故案例,对事故发生的原因进行了剖析,提出了实验室化学品事故应急处置对策。     

分析危险化学品泄漏事故应急处置及环境治理

针对危险化学品泄漏事故的应急处置及后续环境治理进行分析,阐述了危险化学品泄漏事故出现原因和特点,探讨了危险化学品泄漏事故的应急预案,典型危险化学品洗消和洗消先进技术。     

危险化学品的危害及预防控制措施

分析了危险化学品对人体的诸危害,探讨了危险化学品事故预防控制措施,以提高人们的防患意识,保证从业人员的健康安全.     

基于ALOHA软件的氯乙烯储罐泄漏事故模拟与分析

采用ALOHA软件考查泄漏孔径、风速、泄漏位置对氯乙烯储罐泄漏造成的有毒气体扩散及火灾爆炸事故后果的影响情况,定量给出事故影响范围,并分析不同事故场景对储罐下风向1km处敏感点的影响情况。结果发现氯乙烯储罐泄漏导致的有毒气体扩散和BLEVE事故可能会对该处人员造成伤害。针对氯乙烯储罐泄漏事故可能造成的严重后果,进一步使用鱼刺图对储罐泄漏事故的原因进行分析,从而为事故的预防提供参考。     

关注危险化学品企业绿色物流的储运安全

阐述了危险化学品物流安全储运的特点及事故危害,分析了危险化学品企业物流中的安全隐患及经济发展对危险化学品企业物流的安全储运提出的新要求,指出要用安全科学为物流科学保驾护航,以及危险化学品企业绿色物流安全储运的技术措施。     

液体泄漏形成液池扩展面积的计算方法综述

液体发生泄漏,有可能会在固体或液体表面形成液池,对于易燃液体,当遇到点火源极有可能发生池火灾。本文通过对液体泄漏形成液池扩展机理的阐述,讨论了液池扩展面积的影响因素,并对比分析了液池扩展面积的3种计算方法,结果表明采用经验推导法计算液池扩展面积更具有实用性。该研究可为危险化学品火灾爆炸事故的预防预测提供理论依据。     

汽油储罐火灾爆炸事故定量安全评价方法简析

以某化工企业汽油储罐为例,针对储罐可能发生的火灾爆炸事故,采用道化学危险指数法和池火灾伤害数学模型分析两种评价方法进行定量评价,对两种评价方法的评价结果进行了对比、分析.     

An novel identification method of the environmental risk sources for surface water pollution accidents in chemical industrial parks

The chemical industry is a major source of various pollution accidents. Improving the management level of risk sources for pollution accidents has become an urgent demand for most industrialized countries. In pollution accidents, the released chemicals harm the receptors to some extent depending on their sensitivity or susceptibility. Therefore, identifying the potential risk sources from such a large number of chemical enterprises has become pressingly urgent. Based on the simulation of the whole accident process, a novel and expandable identification method for risk sources causing water pollution accidents is presented. The newly developed approach, by analyzing and stimulating the whole process of a pollution accident between sources and receptors, can be applied to identify risk sources, especially on the nationwide scale. Three major types of losses, such as social, economic and ecological losses, were normalized, analyzed and used for overall consequence modeling. A specific case study area, located in a chemical industry park (CIP) along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, China, was selected to test the potential of the identification method. The results showed that there were four risk sources for pollution accidents in this CIP. Aniline leakage in the HS Chemical Plant would lead to the most serious impact on the surrounding water environment. This potential accident would severely damage the ecosystem up to 3.8 km downstream of Yangtze River, and lead to pollution over a distance stretching to 73.7 km downstream. The proposed method is easily extended to the nationwide identification of potential risk sources.     

Occurrence and formation of disinfection by-products in the swimming pool environment: A critical review

Disinfection of water for human use is essential to protect against microbial disease; however, disinfection also leads to formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), some of which are of health concern. From a chemical perspective, swimming pools are a complex matrix, with continual addition of a wide range of natural and anthropogenic chemicals via filling waters, disinfectant addition, pharmaceuticals and personal care products and human body excretions. Natural organic matter, trace amounts of DBPs and chlorine or chloramines may be introduced by the filling water, which is commonly disinfected distributed drinking water. Chlorine and/or bromine is continually introduced via the addition of chemical disinfectants to the pool. Human body excretions (sweat, urine and saliva) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (sunscreens, cosmetics, hair products and lotions) are introduced by swimmers. High addition of disinfectant leads to a high formation of DBPs from reaction of some of the chemicals with the disinfectant. Swimming pool air is also of concern as volatile DBPs partition into the air above the pool. The presence of bromine leads to the formation of a wide range of bromo- and bromo/chloro-DBPs, and Br-DBPs are more toxic than their chlorinated analogues. This is particularly important for seawater-filled pools or pools using a bromine-based disinfectant. This review summarises chemical contaminants and DBPs in swimming pool waters, as well as in the air above pools. Factors that have been found to affect DBP formation in pools are discussed. The impact of the swimming pool environment on human health is reviewed.     

辨识黄磷危险特性的试验研究

黄磷活泼的理化特性是导致黄磷火灾、灼伤等事故发生的内因.本文通过试验手段,对黄磷的自燃和灼伤危险特性进行了研究,从而为有效地预防控制黄磷火灾和灼伤事故的发生,为开展此类灾害事故的救援工作提供依据.     

针对危险化学品泄漏事故特点进行抢险救援的思考

危险化学品泄漏事故是消防部队抢险救援工作中一个突出而紧迫的课题,从化学品泄漏事故的特点和规律入手,弄清它对应急救援工作的影响和要求,是消防部队完成救援任务的当务之急,并具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

浅海平台油气火灾事故模拟评估应用

全球海洋油气开发重特大火灾事故频发,油气生产安全面临严峻挑战,以我国浅海某中心平台组为研究对象,对可能发生的三相分离器喷射火火灾、管线交叉处喷射火火灾、生产平台池火火灾以及储罐平台池火火灾,采用FDS软件建立该平台组的火灾动力学模型,对油气泄漏后火灾的发展态势、火场温度、热辐射强度、设备温度以及不同火灾工况的对比分析,研究火灾发生后对人员伤害,以及平台上油气管线、分离器、油气储罐、平台栈桥等重要设备安全性的影响,并提出操作人员和重要设备的安全距离。针对火灾事故风险控制提出建议措施,对海上火灾风险分析未来研究方向进行阐述。     

基于盲数与成熟度理论的化工园区火灾爆炸事故应急能力评估

以火灾爆炸事故为研究对象,结合化工行业的特点,首先从应急组织与制度、应急管理保障、应急处置能力和应急技术四个方面,针对性地建立了化工园区火灾爆炸事故应急能力评估指标体系;然后基于盲数与成熟度理论建立了化工园区火灾爆炸事故应急能力盲数与成熟度评估模型;最后利用该模型对南阳化工产业集聚区应对火灾爆炸事故的应急能力展开评估,以为识别该化工园区应急系统的薄弱环节以及提高其综合应急能力水平提供依据。     

突发污染事故易发薄弱环节分析

突发污染事故与化学危险品突发泄漏密切相关。研究了我国历年发生突发污染事故的案例 ,分析了化学危险品生产使用的薄弱环节 ,提出突发污染事故的防范重点。     

苯储罐区火灾爆炸风险分析及对策措施

针对苯储罐区所处的区域位置及火灾爆炸危险性,运用道化学火灾、爆炸危险指数法对苯储罐区的火灾、爆炸风险进行分析评价,得出其安全措施补偿前后的火灾、爆炸指数,确定危险等级,并提出了预防火灾爆炸事故的对策措施。