石墨炉原子吸收法测定食用菌中镉和铅

采用塞曼效应背景校正、最大功率升温和峰面积积分,以钯和抗坏血酸为基体改进剂,用恒温平台石墨炉原子吸收法测定食用菌中镉和铅,检出限镉为5.0×10-13g,铅为4.0×10-12g,相对标准偏差在2.8%~7.1%之间,加标回收率镉为92.0%~104%,铅为89.3%~95.0%。     

自动石墨消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中铅和镉

本文建立了一种自动石墨消解仪消解土壤样品,石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中的铅、镉的方法。铅、镉元素在标准曲线范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.999,检测限分别为0.02、0.007 mg/kg,加标回收率在90.8%~104.0%,方法重复性RSD(n=7)低于3%。实验结果表明,该方法操作简单、准确度高、精密度好、检测限低,可用于大批量土壤中铅、镉的测定。     

火焰、石墨炉原子吸收法测定地表水中铜和镉

对浓缩火焰原子吸收法和石墨炉原子吸收法测定地表水中痕量铜和镉的结果作了比较。试验结果表明,两种方法测定结果间无明显差异,加标回收率为88．7％～103％,可互相替代,等效使用。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定蔬菜中痕量铅和镉

采用微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定蔬菜中痕量铅和镉,优化了微波消解程序和石墨炉工作条件,讨论了基体改进剂和微波消解用酸的选择.该方法测定蔬菜中铅和镉的检出限为0.002 mg/kg和0.001 mg/kg,RSD为0.1%～4.3%,加标回收率为98.0%～104%.     

悬浮液直接进样石墨炉原子吸收法测定湖泊底泥中的铅

试验了悬浮液直接进样平台石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定湖泊底泥中的铅。方法特征灵敏度为2 1× 10 -11g/ 0 0 0 44 (A·s) ,检测限 (3σ)为 2 5× 10 -11g ,相对标准差 (n =6 )小于 4% ,加标回收率在 90 %～ 110 %之间     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定大气降水中镉镍铅

采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定大气降水中镉、镍、铅,优化了试验条件。镉在0ug／L-5．00ug／L范围、镍和铅在0ug／L-20．0ug／L范围内线性良好,镉、镍、铅的检出限分别为0．03ug／L、0．79ug／L、1．37ug／L,大气降水样品测定的RSD为0．8％-2．6％,加标回收率为96．0％-106％。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定水中铅的质量控制指标研究

通过对全国9个省份82家实验室监测数据的分析,研究确定了石墨炉原子吸收法测定水中铅的质量控制指标。建议控制值为：标准样品室内相对标准偏差（RSD）≤5.0%,实际样品相对偏差（RD）≤30.0%,标准样品室间相对标准偏差（RSD’）≤10%,标准样品相对误差（RE）≤±8.0%,加标回收率范围为90%～115%,同时还对方法的重复性和再现性指标进行了验证性研究。     

悬浮液直接进样塞曼石墨炉平台原子吸收法测定土壤中痕量铅

研究了悬浮液直接进样 ,石墨炉平台原子吸收法测定土壤中痕量铅 ,方法简便快速 ,检出限 (3σ)为 4.4× 1 0 - 1 2 g,相对标准偏差 (n=6)小于 3 .0 % ,回收率在 91 %～ 1 0 7%之间     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定水中硒

利用石墨炉原子吸收法,加入基体改进剂测定水中硒,并优化了测定条件。结果表明,本方法检出限低(0 85μg L),准确度高,精密度好。     

纵向塞曼恒温平台石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤,底质中镉和砷

为准确测定土壤中低含量元素镉和砷，研究了集恒温平台石墨炉（ＳＴＰＦ）一体的纵向塞曼效应背景校正，最大功率升温，钯作基体改进剂和吸收峰面积积分的最新分析方法。方法测定结果，镉和砷的检测限（３σ）分别为３５×１０－１３ｇ和５４×１０－１１ｇ；相对标准差（ｎ＝６）分别为４１％～５２％和２６％～４５％；回收率分别为８６５％～１０９％和９１２％～１０５％     

原子吸收法测定大气中的铅

将采集有ＴＳＰ的过氯乙烯滤膜以ＨＮＯ３－ＨＣｌＯ４湿法消争，用火焰原子吸收法直接测定其中的铅，因无基体和背景干扰，测值可比性和准确度均较好，微观测定结果与宏观环境状况一致。     

Competitive Retention of Lead and Cadmium on an Agricultural Soil

Lead and cadmium contamination of an agricultural soil has been studied using batch and column experiments. Thermodynamics of theretention phenomena may be represented by a Langmuir isotherm foran aqueous metal concentration up to 100 mg L^-1. First order kinetics with respect to the solid phase yield good predictabilityfor both batch and column experiments. Kinetics and thermodynamics of lead retention predominate over those ofcadmium. As a consequence, lead is preferentially retainedand can even displace sorbed cadmium. In the event of anspill involving both metals, cadmium would move further inthe soil and its aqueous concentration downstream could beeven higher than that of the influent solution, increasingpotential risks. A two-region model has been used to fit all the experimental results. Satisfactory predictions for column experiments are obtained with parameters which are consistent with those obtained for the batch experiments, for which sorption is described by a Langmuir isotherm including competitive retention.     

Cadmium and Lead Levels in Fish (Tilapia Nilotica) Tissues as Biological Indicator for Lake Water Pollution

Cadmium and lead were determined in different tissues (muscle,gill, stomach, intestine, liver, vertebral column and scales) of Tilapia nilotica from the High Dam Lake, Aswan (Egypt) to assess the lake water pollution with those toxic metals. Fish samples were chosen from different ages and weights to be analyzed along with samples of the aquatic plant(Najas armeta), sediment and lake water.The results showed that cadmium and lead concentrations were higher in fish scales and vertebral column than in the other parts of the fish. Cadmium and lead levels in High Dam lake water and fish (Tilapia nilotica) were a result of the pollution which uptakes from aquatic plants, sediments andgasoline containing lead that leaks from fishery boats. Tilapia nilotica fish was used as a good bio-assay indicator for the lake pollution with cadmium and lead. The fish musclesin this study were in the safety baseline levels for man consumption.     

Comparative Metal Distribution in Hair of Pakistani and Libyan Population and Source Identification by Multivariate Analysis

Using nitric acid-perchloric acid wet digestion based FAAS method ten selected metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb and Zn) were determined in the scalp hair of male Pakistani and Libyan donors (n = 62), between 3–54 years age and residing in typical urban areas. The study was taken up to identify sources of metal distribution in two diverse population segments exposed to different environments. Sodium emerged with the highest mean hair concentration of 511.0 μg/g and 496.9 μg/g for Libyan and Pakistani donors respectively, followed by K, at 266.2 μg/g and 242.4 μg/g for the two donor categories. Cadmium showed the lowest mean hair concentration for both Pakistani (0.380 μg/g) and Libyan (0.530 μg/g) donors. Levels of Na, K, Pb, Cr and Cd were higher in hair of Libyan donors compared with Pakistani counterparts which showed higher comparative levels of Zn, Fe, Co, Ni and Mn. Strong metal-to-metal correlations were found between Na–K (r = 0.638) and Cd–Co (r = 0.574) for Pakistani donors, while for Libyan donors, Na–K (r = 0.680) and Fe–Mn (r = 0.624) correlations emerged as strongly significant. Only K was found to have a strong positive correlation (r = 0.611) with age for Pakistani donors while this correlation was significantly negative (r = −0.500) for Libyan donors, probably arising from individual food habits. Other metals showed no viable relationship with age. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) of the data evidenced food, industrial emissions and automobile emissions as possible sources of metal distribution. The results of the present study are compared with those reported for subjects from other regions of the world.     

Determination of Cadmium and Lead in Different Cigarette Brands in Jordan

Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations in different cigarette brands sold and/or produced in Jordan were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). Average levels of Cd and Pb in different cigarette brands in Jordan were 2.64 and 2.67 g g^{– 1} (DW), respectively. The results obtained in this study estimate the average quantity of Cd inhaled from smoking one packet of 20 cigarettes to be in the range of 3.65–7.30 g. Results suggest that the quantity of Pb inhaled of smoking one packet of 20 cigarettes, is estimated to be 0.74–2.22 g. The concentrations of Cd and Pb in cigarettes were significantly different between cigarette brands tested. Our results were compared with other worldwide studies.     

填充柱气相色谱法测定苯,甲苯废气时的干扰及消除

就测定苯、甲苯废气时丁酮、正丁醇、醋酸乙酯、丙酮的干扰进行了讨论,并提出了消除干扰的方法,给出了色谱图和色谱条件。     

Characterization and Identification of the Sources of Chromium, Zinc, Lead, Cadmium, Nickel, Manganese and Iron in Pm10 Particulates at the Two Sites of Kolkata, India

Monitoring of ambient PM₁₀ (particulate matter which passes through a size selective impactor inlet with a 50% efficiency cut-off at 10 μm aerodynamic diameter) has been done at residential (Kasba) and industrial (Cossipore) sites of an urban region of Kolkata during November 2003 to November 2004. These sites were selected depending on the dominant anthropogenic activities. Metal constituents of atmospheric PM₁₀ deposited on glass fibre filter paper were estimated using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES). Chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) are the seven toxic trace metals quantified from the measured PM₁₀ concentrations. The 24 h average concentrations of Cr, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn and Fe from ninety PM₁₀ particulate samples of Kolkata were found to be 6.9, 506.1, 79.1, 3.3, 7.4, 2.4 and 103.6 ng/m³, respectively. The 24 h average PM₁₀ concentration exceeded national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) as specified by central pollution control board, India at both residential (Kasba) and industrial (Cossipore) areas with mean concentration of 140.1 and 196.6 μg/m³, respectively. A simultaneous meteorology study was performed to assess the influence of air masses by wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, relative humidity and temperature. The measured toxic trace metals generally showed inverse relationship with wind speed, relative humidity and temperature. Factor analysis, a receptor modeling technique has been used for identification of the possible sources contributing to the PM₁₀. Varimax rotated factor analysis identified four possible sources of measured trace metals comprising solid waste dumping, vehicular traffic with the influence of road dust, road dust and soil dust at residential site (Kasba), while vehicular traffic with the influence of soil dust, road dust, galvanizing and electroplating industry, and tanning industry at industrial site (Cossipore).     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定海洋沉积物中镉和铬

以硝酸作为消解液,采用微波消解仪对海洋沉积物进行消解,用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定消解液中的Cd和Cr。该方法在0μg/L~10.0μg/L范围内线性良好,Cd和Cr的方法检出限分别为0.04 mg/kg和2.0 mg/kg,实际样品的加标回收率在96.0%~100%之间,RSD为0.3%~5.2%。用该方法与国标法同时测定北部湾海域海洋沉积物实际样品,结果无明显差异,而该方法处理样品更为省时省力。