铬污染土壤修复技术研究进展

介绍了铬污染土壤修复技术的最新研究进展,讨论了化学修复、生物修复和电修复技术等方面的研究状况.特别指出的是,生物修复技术无二次污染,电修复技术能强化土壤中的传质过程,两者的耦合有可能在该领域取得突破.     

农药污染土壤的生物修复技术

本文综述了土壤农药有机污染的生物修复技术,重点分析了植物、微生物对土壤农药污染的修复机制以及影响因子,介绍了几种生物修复技术。     

铬污染土壤修复技术研究进展

介绍了铬污染土壤修复技术的最新研究进展,讨论了化学修复,生物修复和电修复技术等方面的研究状况。特别指出的是,生物修复技术无二次污染,电修复技术能强化土壤中的传质过程,两者的耦合有可能在该领域取得突破。     

土壤有机污染的原位修复技术

介绍了土壤气相抽提、生物通风和空气喷射等3种土壤原位修复技术的概念,简述了它们修复受污染土壤的适用范围和修复机理,并对影响3种修复方法的各种因素进行了详细论述.展望了土壤气相抽提、生物通风和空气喷射技术在我国的应用前景.     

土壤有机污染的原位修复技术

介绍了土壤气相抽提、生物通风和空气喷射等3种土壤原位修复技术的概念，简述了它们修复受污染土壤的适用范围和修复机理，并对影响3种修复方法的各种因素进行了详细论述。展望了土壤气相抽提、生物通风和空气喷射技术在我国的应用前景。     

土壤及地下水有机污染的化学与生物修复

本文综述了土壤及地下水有机污染的化学与生物修复技术研究的最新进展。比较详细地介绍了土壤及地下水有机污染的化学修复、生物修复、化学与生物相结合修复的具体方法、治理效率及其影响因素。     

土壤有机农药污染的降解机理与生物修复技术

通过对有机农药在土壤中的环境行为与迁移转化规律综合分析研究,探讨了有机农药污染土壤的生物修复技术,并对生物修复技术进行了前瞻性研究.     

土壤有机农药污染的降解机理与生物修复技术

通过对有机农药在土壤中的环境行为与迁移转化规律综合分析研究，探讨了有机农药污染土壤的生物修复技术，并对生物修复技术进行了前瞻性研究。     

污染土地就地修复技术研究进展及展望

欧美等发达国家在污染土地的就地修复方面有很大的发展,修复技术包括就地土壤淋洗,就地化学修复,就地生物修复,就地玻璃化,电修复,土壤蒸汽浸提,就地生物促进土壤蒸汽提,就地喷气修复,就地土壤冰冻,就地热力学修复和就地稳定／固化修复等,其中的许多方法已进入应用阶段。     

石油污染土壤的植物与微生物修复技术

石油污染土壤的生物修复技术具有成本低、简便高效、对环境影响小等优点,正逐步成为石油污染治理研究的热点领域,具有广阔的发展前景.介绍了我国的石油污染概况及生物修复技术在石油污染治理中的应用,重点对石油污染土壤的微生物修复、植物修复、植物一微生物联合修复技术的研究进展及各自的优点、局限性进行了综述,并提出了石油污染土壤生物修复技术研究的重点领域.     

污染土壤修复的技术再造与展望

污染土壤的面积在迅速扩大,迫切需要修复、治理;随着土壤污染组分的日益复杂化,等待着全面、高效的修复技术的研制。对污染土壤修复相关技术现状进行剖析表明,现有的各种污染土壤修复技术由于存在着许多技术上难以克服的问题,需要从技术的现有进展和技术构想进行整体意义上的创新,即如何把现有的技术进行参数优化、改造后进行最佳组合与综合,才能取得该技术领域的重大突破。污染土壤的生态化学修复,其实质在于技术的再造,代表了21世纪污染土壤修复技术的发展方向。     

发达国家污染土地置换开发管理实践及其对我国的启示

污染土地置换开发是一个复杂的过程,涉及技术、法律、经济和社会等诸多问题.选择管理技术相对比较成熟和先进的美国、欧盟国家、加拿大以及日本作为案例,深刻剖析国际上污染土地置换开发管理的经验与教训,提出有效的城市土地利用规划、公平合理的经济责任界定、合适的资金筹措机制、灵活选择土壤污染修复目标、污染土地风险评估等级划分、多利益方的共同参与等6点启示,以期对我国日益受到重视的污染土地置换开发管理工作提供借鉴.     

酸雨对污染环境中重金属化学行为的影响

综述了酸雨对污染环境中重金属化学行为的影响。在酸雨作用下 ,不同环境介质中重金属活性明显增强 ,化学形态转化明显 ,迁移能力和生态危害能力亦明显加强。探讨了控制酸雨发生、重金属污染环境修复技术以及开展复合污染环境化学风险评价的必要性     

污染土壤的淋洗法修复研究进展

污染土壤淋洗技术是修复污染土壤的一种新方法 ,是对污染土壤生物修复的一种补充 ,使污染土壤修复的系统化成为可能。淋洗法主要使用淋洗剂清洗土壤 ,使土壤中污染物随淋洗剂流出 ,然后对淋洗剂及土壤进行后续处理 ,从而达到修复污染土壤的目的。因为淋洗剂的种类和淋洗方式的不同 ,土壤淋洗法可分为许多种类。土壤淋洗法主要受土壤条件、污染物类型、淋洗剂的种类和运行方式等因素影响。综合考虑多方面因素 ,就有潜力设计出经济高效的土壤淋洗系统。土壤淋洗法有很多优点 ,尽管也存在一些问题 ,但其技术上的优势也是其他方法难以取代的 ,所以有良好的应用前景。     

Adaptive sampling based on the cumulative distribution function of order statistics to delineate heavy-metal contaminated soils using kriging

Correctly classifying "contaminated" areas in soils, based on the threshold for a contaminated site, is important for determining effective clean-up actions. Pollutant mapping by means of kriging is increasingly being used for the delineation of contaminated soils. However, those areas where the kriged pollutant concentrations are close to the threshold have a high possibility for being misclassified. In order to reduce the misclassification due to the over- or under-estimation from kriging, an adaptive sampling using the cumulative distribution function of order statistics (CDFOS) was developed to draw additional samples for delineating contaminated soils, while kriging. A heavy-metal contaminated site in Hsinchu, Taiwan was used to illustrate this approach. The results showed that compared with random sampling, adaptive sampling using CDFOS reduced the kriging estimation errors and misclassification rates, and thus would appear to be a better choice than random sampling, as additional sampling is required for delineating the "contaminated" areas.     

Bioremediation of soil contaminated with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): a review

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute a group of priority pollutants which are present at high concentrations in the soils of many industrially contaminated sites. Criteria established for the removal or treatment or both of soils contaminated with PAHs vary widely within and between nations. The bioremediation of contaminated soils with in-situ, on-site, and bioreactor techniques is reviewed, together with the factors affecting PAH degradation. Current in-situ remediation techniques are considered ineffective for the removal of most PAHs from contaminated soil. On-site 'landforming' methods have been used successfully (and within a reasonable period of time) to degrade only those PAHs with three or fewer aromatic rings. Bioreactors have proved most effective for soil remediation, since conditions for enhanced degradation can be achieved most readily. However, bioreactors are still at the development stage, and further research is required to optimise their efficiency and economy for routine use. Degradation of the more recalcitrant high-molecular-weight PAHs is contaminated soil has not been particularly successful to date. Further research needs are identified to help develop bioremediation into a most cost-effective technology. The importance of full site assessments and treatability studies for successful application in the field is emphasised.     

Influence of contaminated particles on the bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic micropollutants in fish

The influence of contaminated particles on the bioconcentration of hydrophobic chemicals by fish is dependent on the hydrophobicity of the chemicals. This has been shown for polychlorinated benzenes and biphenyls (ranging over three orders of magnitude in octan-1-ol/water partition coefficient) which are sorbed on very low organic carbon content particles. For chemicals with low to moderate hydrophobicity, the amount of the chemical which is sorbed, relative to the amount which is dissolved, determines the influence that contaminated particles have on the uptake of the chemicals by fish. In this present experiment, for lower chlorinated benzenes and biphenyls, the amount dissolved in water are high compared with the amounts which are present in the sorbed state, and the influence of contaminated particles on their uptake by fish is negligible. For more hydrophobic chemicals, which have lower aqueous solubilities, such as penta and hexachlorobenzene, and tri and tetrachlorobiphenyls, contaminated particles can have a much greater influence on the uptake by fish. If the number of contaminated particles is sufficiently high, the low aqueous solubilities, in combination with relatively high rates of desorption or dissolution, enable the particles to act as a source of the hydrophobic chemicals. For extremely hydrophobic chemicals, the rates of dissolution or desorption determine the rates of uptake of the chemical by the fish. Hence, during relatively short periods of exposure, there is no influence of contaminated particles on the bioaccumulation.     

Using biochar for remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals and organic pollutants

Soil contamination with heavy metals and organic pollutants has increasingly become a serious global environmental issue in recent years. Considerable efforts have been made to remediate contaminated soils. Biochar has a large surface area, and high capacity to adsorb heavy metals and organic pollutants. Biochar can potentially be used to reduce the bioavailability and leachability of heavy metals and organic pollutants in soils through adsorption and other physicochemical reactions. Biochar is typically an alkaline material which can increase soil pH and contribute to stabilization of heavy metals. Application of biochar for remediation of contaminated soils may provide a new solution to the soil pollution problem. This paper provides an overview on the impact of biochar on the environmental fate and mobility of heavy metals and organic pollutants in contaminated soils and its implication for remediation of contaminated soils. Further research directions are identified to ensure a safe and sustainable use of biochar as a soil amendment for remediation of contaminated soils.     

造纸厂废碱液污染土的环境岩土工程研究

分析了我国造纸厂废碱液的组成成分，受污染土的环境岩土工程特性和污染机理，介绍了污染土地区的岩土工程勘察内容，评价以及一些主要的治理措施。