爱尔兰马铃薯大饥荒的警示

1 9世纪40年代,由马铃薯病害引发的爱尔兰大饥荒,给爱尔兰民族留下了永远的精神创伤,这一灾难也给后世广大发展中国家在作物种植模式特别是关系国计民生的粮食种植上以深刻教训,由此警示后人不但要反思引发这一悲剧的社会制度根源,还要反思生态系统与自然环境对人类社会发展与进程的重大影响,因此以环境学的视角去重新审视全球背景下的"哥伦布大交换"(Colombian Exchange),马铃薯在爱尔兰悲与喜的历史也就具有了     

聚丙烯装置的清洁生产

分析了武汉石油化工厂聚丙烯装置的主要环境污染源,介绍了装置采取的主要清洁生产措施及取得的效果,提出了改进的方向.     

清河电厂河滩灰场植被重建技术的研究

阐述了电厂灰场植被覆盖技术的原理、实施方案和主要效益     

马铃薯淀粉废水的预处理技术及应用研究

马铃薯是淀粉加工工业的重要原料,在马铃薯淀粉生产过程中需要消耗大量的水,从而产生含高浓度有机物和悬浮物的废水,如不妥善处理而直接排放,将会严重影响周围水体的功能。马铃薯淀粉废水中含有大量泥砂、淀粉颗粒及高浓度有机物质,采用预处理方法降低这些物质的含量,对于后续工艺的运行十分关键。本文总结了在淀粉废水预处理中常用的技术方法,并对今后的发展方向进行预测。     

Plant intelligence

Intelligent behavior is a complex adaptive phenomenon that has evolved to enable organisms to deal with variable environmental circumstances. Maximizing fitness requires skill in foraging for necessary resources (food) in competitive circumstances and is probably the activity in which intelligent behavior is most easily seen. Biologists suggest that intelligence encompasses the characteristics of detailed sensory perception, information processing, learning, memory, choice, optimisation of resource sequestration with minimal outlay, self-recognition, and foresight by predictive modeling. All these properties are concerned with a capacity for problem solving in recurrent and novel situations. Here I review the evidence that individual plant species exhibit all of these intelligent behavioral capabilities but do so through phenotypic plasticity, not movement. Furthermore it is in the competitive foraging for resources that most of these intelligent attributes have been detected. Plants should therefore be regarded as prototypical intelligent organisms, a concept that has considerable consequences for investigations of whole plant communication, computation and signal transduction.     

Plant development in the absence of epiphytic microorganisms

Microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) are common residents of the roots, stems and leaves of higher plants. In order to explore the dependency of plant development on the presence of epiphytic microorganisms, the achenes (seeds) of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were sterilized and germinated under aseptic conditions. The sterility of the seedlings was determined with the agar impression method. In seedlings from non-sterile seeds (control) that were likewise raised in a germ-free environment, all plant organs investigated (stem, cotyledons and primary leaves) were contaminated with bacteria. Hypocotyl elongation was not affected by epiphytic microorganisms. However, the growth rates of the cotyledons and primary leaves were higher in sterile seedlings compared with the control. The implications of this differential inhibition of organ development by epiphytic bacteria that are transmitted via the outer surface of the seed coat are discussed. We conclude that epiphytes in the above-ground phytosphere are not necessary for the development of the sunflower seedling.     

浅谈焦化废水的处理

焦化废水是一种典型的含难降解有机污染物的工业废水,除含酚类化合物外,还含有多种芳香烃和杂环类有机物,成分复杂,水量大,对环境污染严重。因此,焦化废水的处理越来越多的受到相关学者及专家的重视。本文首先从焦化废水的来源及特征出发,根据其特殊性,综合阐述了近年来国内外焦化废水的常规处理方法及深度处理方法,为以后焦化废水的处理提供一些思路。     

马铃薯加工项目废水处理技术的研究

马铃薯加工项目产生的废水主要是高浓度有机废水,本文研究了通过采用气浮分离/UASB/SBR处理工艺处理此废水。经处理后,各污染物指标达到《淀粉工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 25461-2010)表2间接排放限值后排放城市污水处理厂。     

马铃薯渣固态发酵产复合酶的条件研究

以马铃薯淀粉生产中产牛的废渣为主要原料,黑曲霉为发酵菌种,采用固体发酵方法,通过单因素实验,研究了马铃薯渣初始含水量、碳源、氮源、接种量等不同因素对产酶的影响,确定了马铃薯渣发酵产生复合酶的最佳条件为:马铃薯渣初始含水量为50%,马铃薯渣:麸皮=6:4,硫酸铵添加量2.0%,接种量为5%,发酵时间3 d.在优化条件下,...     

用电厂粉煤灰处理中药废水

针对耒阳电厂粉煤灰和中药厂排出废水的特点,考查了粉煤灰的投加量、颗粒度、改性剂、搅拌吸附时间和pH值等因素对处理效果的影响.用改性后的粉煤灰进行了L9(34)正交实验,根据实验结果,确定了适合的条件为:每升废水中投加粉煤灰90 g,在pH值=7.5时搅拌45min,沉淀35min.在此实验条件下,CODCr,色度,浊度的去除率分别为84.2%,83.2%,79.2%.     

薯干酒糟废液直接采用厌氧发酵后剩余污泥的脱水性能研究

本文应用比阻的方法对薯干酒糟直接进行罐式厌氧发酵后剩余厌氧污泥的沉降和脱水性能进行了研究,并进行了絮凝剂的筛选和最佳投药量的试验。得到了:当使用无机高分子絮凝剂PFS,投加量在1700~2500ppm时,可使污泥的比阻降至0.1~0.4×109秒2/克之间,此时进行污泥机械脱水最佳。脱水后的污泥可作为高效有机肥料,据研究,每立方米干物质量为4%的污泥相当于氮、磷、钾复合肥料20公斤以上。      

Fenton试剂氧化法处理马铃薯淀粉废水

采用Fenton试剂氧化法对马铃薯淀粉废水进行预处理,利用正交试验方法确定最佳反应条件为:p(Fe2+)为1500 mg/L;反应时间为250 min;p(H2O2)为105 mg/L;pH值为4.在最佳条件下,该方法对马铃薯淀粉废水的COD去除率最高可达42.4%.可作为马铃薯淀粉废水的有效预处理方法.     

复合微生物絮凝处理红薯淀粉废水的研究

利用胶质芽孢杆菌和酿酒酵母能利用水溶性淀粉和蛋白质的特性,直接用红薯淀粉废水培养,并用它们产生的絮凝作用处理红薯淀粉废水。结果表明,在适量氯化钙助絮凝作用下,仅以2.5%的絮凝菌液,在pH值9.5的条件下,絮凝率高达97%,红薯淀粉废水的COD去除率达到65%,pH值8.0左右。经复合微生物絮凝剂处理得到的沉淀物是富含蛋白质的营养物质,干燥后可以制备成高级饲料。     

苏丹电站项目的HSE风险管理

苏丹3/7区电站项目是由中国石油天然气总公司(CNPC)、马来西亚国家石油公司(Petronas)和苏丹石油公司(Sudapet)共同投资兴建的为原油处理设施提供电力的合资项目.     

模拟酸露对植物影响的实验

模拟酸露对植物影响的实验结果表明，用酸露处理后，蚕豆的生理指标发生一定的变化，尤以ｐＨ１３．０时的变化较明显，显示了模拟酸露对植物的伤害作用。     

城市污水厂中汞的形态分布特征研究

为研究汞在城市污水和污泥中的赋存特征,以焦作市某污水处理厂10个月的进出水及压滤污泥为研究对象,测定了样品中总汞、甲基汞及其溶解态的含量。结果表明,污水厂沉砂池进水中,总汞(THg)、溶解态总汞(DHg)、甲基汞(Me Hg)以及溶解态甲基汞(DMe Hg)的含量分别为233~9 730、2.32~124、1.46~22.60、0.11~2.17 ng/L,进水中总汞主要以颗粒形态存在。消毒池出水中以上各形态汞的含量分别为1.78~43.30、0.35~8.03、0.13~1.11、0.02~0.18 ng/L,总汞和甲基汞含量均低于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)中规定的总汞浓度(1 000 ng/L)和烷基汞的检出限(10 ng/L)。该污水处理厂对沉砂池进水中总汞和甲基汞的平均去除率为98.9%和93.5%,同时,溶解态总汞和溶解态甲基汞也得到很大程度的去除(65%和70.7%)。与沉砂池进水相比,消毒池出水中溶解态甲基汞占甲基汞的比率显著升高(11.63%升至46.28%)(P=0.003),溶解态总汞占总汞的比率也有显著升高(1.20%升至34.85%)(P=0.002)。压滤污泥中总汞及甲基汞的含量分别在2.02~6.88 mg/kg和3.76~10.40 ng/g之间,污泥中甲基汞占总汞的比例均不足1%。所有的污泥样品中总汞含量均未超过我国《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》规定的污泥农用时中性和碱性土壤的控制标准限值(15 mg/kg),但有20%的样品总汞含量高于该标准中的污泥农用酸性土壤的控制标准限值(5 mg/kg)。     

电石渣热电厂烟气脱硫的实用初探

国内外电厂脱硫成熟技术很多,但对国内热电厂而言,都存在着投资大、运行成本高等问题。本文探索开发了高效电石渣脱硫工艺。实践证明,改用电石渣作为脱硫再生荆,既能适合企业自身特点,达到投资省、运行成本低,脱硫效率高的目标。同时又解决了乙炔气厂电石渣的处置难题。是资源性环境保护的成功尝试,是以废治废的具体体现。     

Plant enhanced degradation of phenanthrene in the contaminated soil

The degradative characteristics ofphenanthrene, microbial biomass carbon, plate counts ofheterotrophic bacteria and most probable number （MPN） of phenanthrene degraders in non-rhizosphere or rhizosphere soils with uninoculating or inoculating phenanthrene degraders were measured. At the initial concentration of 20 mg phenanthrene/kg soil, the half-lives of phenanthrene in uninoculated non-rhizosphere soil, uninoculated rhizosphere soil, inoculated non-rhizosphere soil, and inoculated rhizosphere soil were measured to be 81.5, 47.8, 15.1 and 6.4 d, respectively, and corresponding kinetic data fitted first-order kinetics. The highest degradation rate of phenanthrene was observed in inoculated rhizosphere soil. The degradative characteristics of phenanthrene were closely related to the effects of vegetation on soil microbial process. Vegetation could enhance the magnitude of rhizosphere microbial communities, microbial biomass content, and heterotrophic bacterial community, but barely influence those community components responsible for phenanthrene degradation. Results suggested that combination of vegetation and inoculation with degrading microorganisms of target organic contaminants was a better pathway to enhance degradation of the organic contaminants in soil.     

木材加工厂的火灾危险性分析

木材加工在生产过程中存在一定的火灾危险性,一旦发生火灾,燃烧猛烈、蔓延发展快。本文以宿州市某木材加工厂发生的火灾为例,深入剖析了木材加工厂存在的火灾危险性,并结合木材加工厂火灾发生的原因,提出了有针对性的火灾预防措施。     

环氧乙烷/乙二醇装置的清洁生产

分析了中国石化扬子石化烯烃厂环氧乙烷／乙二醇装置主要环境污染源,介绍了装置采取的主要清洁生产技术及应用效果。