浅谈环境信访增多的成因及对策

剖析了海门市环境信访增多的主要表现及形成原因，阐述了领导重视是做好环境信访的基础，针对企业违法行为屡禁不止是环境信访多、查处难的主要矛盾，从环境信访和环境日常监察的关系方面，对坚持“两手抓治本控源”方法进行了初探，强调了必须全面落实环境信访责任制和提高信访调处队伍素质，就切实做好环境信访提出了建议与对策。     

南通市环境信访现状分析及对策

环境问题是当今国际社会普遍关注的问题，在中国尤为突出。由于特殊的国情，中国的环境问题呈现出与众不同的状况，因此，环境信访形势也显得十分严峻。现以南通市为例，从环境信访现状、成因等方面阐述了加强信访督查力度的对策，并对做好信访工作提出了一些合理的建议。     

欠发达地区环境信访演变特点及对策思考

以射阳县为例,阐述了欠发达地区环境信访的特点,分析了环境投诉增多的原因,从落实科学发展观、构建和谐社会的高度,提出了具体对策。     

杭州市中心城区环保信访分析

群众信访是公众参与环境监督的途径之一，是公民环境意识和自我保护意识提高的重要标志。居民享有高质量生活环境的权利，企业有实现自身利益最大化的愿望，两者权力的界定和环境资源的配置依靠政府环保部门严格按照国家环保法律法规予以保障。但实际情况是企业为追求利润最大化往往牺牲外部环境，给周围居民日常生活带来影响。以杭州市中心城区下城区为例，１９９８年度共收到反映环境问题的来信来访来电２７０件，比１９９７年增长１８％。１下城区概况及环保信访下城区地处杭州市区中心，濒临美丽的西子湖，经济繁荣、商贸发达、交通便利…     

一起噪声扰民监测案例的思考

通过一起噪声扰民监测案例，叙述了《工业企业厂界噪声》和《建筑施工场界噪声》的内涵与特征，针对特定的噪声污染现状，提出更加合理的监测方案，有助于解决噪声扰民的信访案件。     

底泥中多环芳烃的处理技术进展

底泥中多环芳烃（PAHs）的处理方法主要有物化处理和生物处理。物化处理方法有湿式空气氧化、溶剂浸提、热解吸等；生物处理有好氧处理和厌氧处理。物化处理速度快、效果明显，但能耗高、投资大；生物处理方法虽然能耗低，但速度慢、降解率较低。实际运用中宜发展物化和生物的组合工艺。     

垃圾填埋渗滤液的环境污染与处理

讨论了垃圾渗滤液对地下水、土壤及生态系统的污染危害，介绍了生物处理法、物化处理法等各种对垃圾渗滤液处理的工艺原理、处理效果及优缺点。一般，一种工艺很难将垃圾渗滤液处理达标，或者处理成本太贵，采用以生物处理为主，物化方法为预处理或后处理的组合工艺，是目前对垃圾渗滤液处理非常值得推荐的方法。     

城市生活垃圾堆肥化处理

城市生活垃圾堆肥法可分为厌氧与好氧处理。好氧处理有时间短、无臭味等优点,因而好氧处理已被普遍采用。现代堆肥法一般包括预处理、主发酵、后发酵、后处理、储存等五个环节。不论现在还是今后,堆肥化处理仍然是处理城市垃圾的一种主要途径。     

蒙自矿冶重金属冶炼废水处理工程改造与实践

蒙自矿冶重金属冶炼废水深度处理工程主要对含重金属污酸和酸性污水处理系统进行改造。针对原有中和处理法存在的诸多问题，本工程在石灰中和处理的基础上新增电絮凝处理系统、化学沉淀微滤处理系统和深度处理系统。工程实践表明，该深度处理工程运行稳定，自动化程度高，处理效果好，废水达到《地表水环境质量标准（GB3838．2002）》Ⅲ类标准，经过处理后的水可全部用于生产系统，实现零排放，同时为冶炼行业重金属废水治理和污染控制提供实践经验。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤水的处理技术

综述了垃圾填埋场渗滤水的生物处理、物化处理、土地处理等技术。特别对渗滤水的生物处理进行了较详细的讨论。     

A status report on the U.S. national dioxin study

In 1983, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) embarked on an extensive investigation of the presence and extent of contamination of the national environment by CDDs/CDFs. This status report is a prelude to a final report to be delivered to the US Congress in December, 1985.     

Biphenyl degradation kinetics by Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 in two-phase partitioning bioreactors

Biphenyl could be successfully degraded by Burkholderia xenovorans LB400, initially described as Pseudomonas sp. LB400, in two-phase partitioning bioreactors (TPPBs). TPPBs are comprised of an aqueous, cell containing phase, and an immiscible, biocompatible organic phase that partitions toxic and/or poorly soluble substrates (in this case biphenyl) based on maintaining a thermodynamic equilibrium. The critical LogKO/W of the organism was found to be approximately 5.5, indicating that solvents with a LogKO/W larger than 5.5 are suitable as delivery phases for B. xenovorans LB400. Two solvents selected for the TPPB system were octadecene and bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate (BES). In one experiment a total of 6.6 g biphenyl per l aqueous-phase-equivalent (biphenyl delivered in solvent, at an aqueous phase to solvent ratio of 10) could be degraded in 25 h during batch operation with octadecene. The specific growth rate and the half saturation constant of the Monod model were estimated to be mumax=0.25 h-1 and KS=0.0001 g l-1, and the yield coefficient was YX/S=0.48 g biomass per g biphenyl. These parameter estimates were used to predict the time course of biphenyl degradation at different initial substrate concentrations and with biphenyl delivered from the two solvents with different partitioning behaviour for biphenyl. The predictions were validated by experimental data, confirming the microbial kinetics as well as the expected partitioning effects.     

Legislation and a Better Environment

The Keynote Address of APCA’s 66th annual meeting was delivered by Bert S. Cross, a director of the 3M Company, St. Paul, Minn., and former chairman of the National Industrial Pollution Control Council.     

Industrial Planning for Air Pollution Control

Seven general planning concepts for air pollution control are presented for industry’s consideration in this text of a speech delivered at the Air Pollution Control Workshop, New England Conference on Urban Planning for Environmental Health, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, September 9, 1965.     

A systematic review on the adverse health effects of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate

Di (ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a global environmental pollutant. This study aims to systematically review the literature on health effects of exposure to DEHP including effects on reproductive health, carcinogenesis, pregnancy outcome, and respiratory system. The literature search was done through Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and the reference lists of previous review articles to identify relevant articles published to June 2016 in each subject area. The inclusion criteria were as follows: original research, cross-sectional studies, case–control studies, cohort studies, interventional studies, and review articles. Both human and animal studies were included. The search was limited to English language papers. Conference papers, editorials, and letters were not included. The systematic review was conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Overall, 152 of the 407 papers met the inclusion criteria. We provided an up-to-date comprehensive and critical assessment of both human and animal studies undertaken to explore the effects of DEHP. It revealed that in experimental studies, exposure to DEHP mainly targeted the reproductive, neurodevelopment, and respiratory systems. Human studies reported that exposure to this contaminant had carcinogenic effects and influenced neurodevelopment in early life. This systematic review underscored the adverse health effects of DEHP for pregnant women and the pediatric age group. It summarizes different response of humans and experimental animals to DEHP exposure, and some suggested underlying mechanisms.     

Cancer values of prevented fatalities (VPFs), one size does not fit all: the benefits of contaminated site cleanups in Italy

The authors conducted a survey based on conjoint choice experiments in Milan, Italy, about mortality risk reductions delivered by hypothetical private behaviors and public programs, and used it to estimate the value of a prevented fatality (VPF) when the cause of death is cancer. Their estimate of the VPF is 4.2 million Euros. The VPF is about C1 million larger when the risk reduction is delivered by a public program, but further analyses reveal that it is so only when the respondent believes that public programs are effective at reducing this particular type of mortality risk This estimate of the VPF is higher than generic European Union-wide figures recommended by the European Commission Directorate-General for Environment (DG Environment) for environmental policy analyses, and is comparable to other VPFs that are appropriate for Italy, hazardous waste regulations, and enforcement-based cleanup programs. The authors use their VPF to compute the benefits of addressing leaking landfills, illegal disposal of hazardous wastes, and poor hazardous waste management practices in the provinces of Naples and Caserta in southern Italy. The authors also examine the importance of the discount rates, since the mortality benefits of remediation begin in 20 yr and are assumed to continue over 30 yr.     

Atmospheric Deposition and Ionic Input in Adirondack Forests

Major mechanisms for input of ions to forest ecosystems in the central Adirondack Mountains of New York State were studied. Precipitation and throughfall in adjacent northern hardwood and lake margin coniferous forests were continuously sampled from May 2, 1979 to May 7, 1980. Important mechanisms for transport of ions from atmosphere to forest floor were identified using regression analyses and the assumption that deciduous and coniferous forests capture particulates and aerosols with differing efficiencies. Sodium was delivered in precipitation and dry-fall and interacted little with the forest canopies. Hydrogen, potassium, and magnesium were also deposited primarily by bulk precipitation but hydrogen was retained by foliage while additional quantities of potassium and magnesium were leached from tree canopies. Impaction of suspended particulates and/or aerosols on forest vegetation was an important source of additional sulfate and nitrate, and these ions contributed to the leaching of calcium from foliage.     

Enhancement of aerobic biodegradation in an oxygen-limiting environment using a saponin-based microbubble suspension

This study investigated the ability of a saponin-based microbubble suspension to enhance aerobic biodegradation of phenanthrene by subsurface delivery. As the microbubble suspension flowed through a sand column pressure buildup and release was repeatedly observed, which delivered oxygen to the less permeable regions. Burkholderia cepacia RPH1, a phenanthrene-degrading bacterium, was mainly transported in a suspended form in the microbubble suspension. When three pore volumes of the microbubble suspension containing B. cepacia RPH1 was introduced into a column contaminated with phenanthrene (100 mg/kg), the oxygen content declined to 5% from an initial value of 20% within 5 days and correspondingly, 34.4% of initial phenanthrene was removed in 8 days. The addition of two further three pore volumes enhanced the biodegradation efficiency by a factor of 2.2. Our data suggest that a saponin-based microbubble suspension could be a potential carrier for enhancing the aerobic biodegradation under an oxygen-limiting environment.     

Thirty year monitoring of PCBs, organochlorine pesticides and tetrabromodiphenylether in eel from The Netherlands

Because of their excellent properties as a biomonitor, yellow eels (Anguilla anguilla) have been used for time-trend monitoring of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and tetrabrominated diphenylether (tetra-BDE). The program has now lasted for thirty years and has delivered valuable information on trends and spatial differences of these compounds in the delta of the rivers Rhine and Meuse and other Dutch canals, rivers and lakes. Specific local PCB, HCH and dieldrin contaminations were identified. Temporal trends show a slow decrease of PCB concentrations since 1977. Eels from the rivers Rhine and Meuse still exceed present European maximum residue limits for dioxin-like PCBs. Apart from some exceptions, OCP and tetra-BDE concentrations have also decreased, and more than those of PCBs. Fat contents of eel have decreased from an average of 21 to ca. 13%. This decrease in fat contents, coincides with the strong reduction of the European eel stock.     

Long-term sustainability of metal immobilization by soil amendments: Cyclonic ashes versus lime addition

A soil column leaching experiment was used to gain insight into the long-term metal immobilization capacity of cyclonic ashes (CAH) compared to lime (LIME). Twenty six years of rainfall were simulated. Initially, all amended soils were brought to an equal soil pH. This was done to obtain optimal conditions for the detection of metal immobilization mechanisms different from just a pH effect. During the simulation period, soil pH in all treatments decreased in parallel. However, the evolution of metal mobility and phytoavailability showed a clearly distinct pattern. The strong reduction in metal immobilizing efficiency observed in the lime treatment at the end of the simulation period was much less pronounced, or even absent, in the CAH treatments. Moreover, metal accumulation in plants grown on the CAH amended soil was significantly lower compared to the untreated and the lime treated soil. CAH + SS treatment delivered the strongest reductions in metal mobility and bioavailability.