基于均衡价值论的生态产品定价与补偿标准研究

生态产品定价方法是完善生态补偿制度、落实生态产品市场化机制,以及实现绿水青山转化为金山银山的关键所在。本文基于均衡价值理论,从生产成本、生态效用与供求系数三方面构建生态产品的定价框架,并将其应用于内蒙古锡林郭勒盟禁牧区的生态补偿标准的计算中,进一步分析锡林郭勒盟各旗县自然、社会经济水平因素,构建差异化补偿标准分区方案。生态产品定价方法的研究可指导政府制定合理生态补偿标准,并为生态产品交易价格的磋商提供借鉴。     

国内大型主题公园门票定价机制研究

国内87家大型主题公园门票价格的统计分析显示,综合质量因子、投入因子等内部因素与门票价格显著正相关,外部因素中除游客消费能力与门票价格显著正相关外,其他因子与门票价格相关性不显著。这不同于以往的研究结论,说明主题公园门票定价机制有别于自然或遗产类景区。进一步研究发现,主题公园门票定价机制呈现出以下特点或问题:1主题类型不同,门票价格不同;2成本是定价的基础与核心;3重视"游客的消费能力"而忽视"游客的支付意愿";4门票价格与旅游产业环境不匹配。针对现有定价机制中存在的问题提出了改进意见。     

我国环境技术转化转移机制建设——国外经验借鉴

综述了国外技术转化转移的基本经验,针对我国环境技术转化转移存在的困难和问题,提出建立政府引导机制、健全基本保障机制、完善政策激励机制、完善产学研合作机制、完善技术转化绩效评价机制和转移机构考评监督机制,以及加快构建环境技术转移体系的建议。     

环保系统深入学习实践科学发展观动态

共商宣教工作 共谋宣教发展——宣教司召开“创新体制机制着力构建环境宣教大格局”座谈会 为深入开展学习实践科学发展观活动，根据调研阶段计划安排，11月13日，宣教司在京召开了“创新体制机制着力构建环境宣教大格局”座谈会。会议由刘友宾副司长主持，宣教直属单位主要负责同志，东、中、西部环保宣教部门代表和清华大学、北京师范大学、中国环境管理干部学院、长沙环保职业技术学院的专家学者等近30人参加会议。     

构建和谐社会与高校共青团工作创新

从高校共青团工作面临的新的机遇和挑战出发,就高校共青团组织在构建和谐社会中的主要任务进行探讨,对构建和谐社会进程中共青团工作所面临的问题进行剖析,从而提出了在构建社会主义和谐社会进程中创新青年工作的几点建议,其中包括共青团思想政治工作中工作思路、工作内容、工作手段、工作机制的创新,培育团队的创新能力和大力加强团员青年群体创新能力的开发等推动共青团工作创新的方法.     

宣教司开展构建环境宣教大格局专题调研

为深入开展学习实践科学发展观活动，查找和解决目前宣教机制体制存在的突出问题，使宣教工作更好地服务于环保中心工作，11月上、中旬，宣教司组织力量就“创新体制机制、构建环境宣教大格局”进行了专题调研，一是赴云南省环保部门进行实地调研，了解了云南省环保宣教部门不断创新、大胆探索、勇于实践，充分发挥环境宣教作用的有益实践。二是于11月13日在京召开了“创新体制机制着力构建环境宣教大格局”座谈会，宣教直属单位主要负责同志、地方环保宣教部门代表、有关高校专家学者代表和宣教司全体人员围绕主题进行了大讨论。     

北京旅游景区门票定价机制与管理对策探讨

近年来国内旅游景区门票涨价成为广泛关注的问题,研究旅游景区门票定价机制与管理对策有助于推动景区的健康、快速、持续发展。选择影响我国旅游景区门票价格制定的主要因素,以北京市具有代表性的旅游景区作为研究对象,从景区级别、景区面积、管理体制、产品类型等多种影响门票价格的主要因素剖析北京旅游景区门票定价的机制,提出北京旅游景区门票价格管理的对策建议。     

石油企业构建双重预防机制的分析与建议

文章简要介绍了双重预防机制的由来、内涵,分析了新修订的《中华人民共和国安全生产法》关于构建安全风险分级管控和隐患排查治理双重预防机制的法律条文要求,结合中国石油企业生产安全风险防控现状,分析了石油企业构建双重预防机制存在的思想认识不深刻、管理制度和标准要求不完善等问题,提出加强宣贯、培训和交流,完善管理制度和标准,优化安全风险分级管控和隐患排查治理流程与方法等工作建议。     

中国式现代化道路:合作组织+现代技术——兼谈“千年变局”中的价值观问题与主流学术

市场机制能够实现一部分福利的生产和分配,但经由市场定价机制而起作用的地位和权力"兑现"机制,在中国却形成了高价格和排斥机制,大多数人因无法通过这一排斥机制沦为"弱势群体",中国社会出现"断裂"。社会问题的答案和意识形态领导权的建设过程,需要"一体化"来看待。正是由于中国人均资源不足的现实难以改变,就更需要在现代技术的帮助下,保障合作组织的生产性功能,从而找到为大多数人提供低成本福利、提供基层制度化参与的有效路径。     

构建农村环境保护长效机制研究

目前农村环境形势十分严峻，环境问题已成为一些地区新农村建设和农村地区经济社会可持续发展的制约因素。提出农村环境保护的综合对策，可为协调新农村建设和环境保护提供科学依据。着眼制度建设，健全环保长效机制，是解决农村环境问题的根本。本文阐述了构建农村环境保护长效机制的五大内容：构建政绩考核机制是前提，构建环境管理机制是根本，构建资金筹措机制是关键，构建生态补偿机制是重点，构建公众参与机制是动力。     

Assessing vulnerability of selected sectors under environmental tax reform: the issue of pricing power

Environmental tax reform could bear heavily on manufacturing sectors that are energy intensive and highly traded, in particular if their options for adapting technology are limited. However, to the extent that such sectors can pass on the cost of the environmental taxes through higher prices charged to their customers, they will not suffer a lasting drop in profitability or output. To assess pricing power in key sectors, a model of long-run price setting behaviour is specified and tested. Significant and plausible results emerged from this exercise. Of the six sectors analysed, the Basic metals sector revealed least pricing power and, hence, greatest vulnerability, and the Non-metallic minerals sector revealed most pricing power. The results indicated that the world price, proxied by the US price, was less of a constraint than the EU price, proxied by the German price. Thus, international competitiveness fears are reduced not just where there is good potential for adapting technology but also if application of environmental tax reform is EU-wide.     

Chinese resource security policies and the restructuring of the Asia-Pacific iron ore market

This paper reviews the restructuring of the Asia-Pacific iron ore market in the wake of the rise of the Chinese steel industry. Prior to the 2000s, this market was characterised by two key features—high firm-level concentration on both the producer and consumer sides, and price determination through annually negotiated benchmark pricing between Australian mining and Japanese steel firms. However, owing to rapid growth in the Chinese steel industry and its emergence as the region's principal iron ore consumer, the Asia-Pacific iron ore market has been dramatically restructured during the last decade. This process has been accelerated since 2005 by Chinese governmental resource security policies, which have sought to address current record high iron ore prices through the use of foreign investment to sponsor new market entrants and the formation of an import cartel amongst the Chinese steel firms. This paper evaluates how these policies have driven restructuring in the Asia-Pacific iron ore market, through an analysis of the growth of China's steel industry, Chinese resource security policies aimed at lowering iron ore import costs, and their effects upon the regional market's ownership structure and price determination mechanisms. It argues that while Chinese investment and cartelisation policies have catalysed significant changes to the ownership and pricing structures of the Asia-Pacific iron ore market, they have carried only mixed benefits for the Chinese steel industry's resource security.     

不同尺度的区域城镇土地基准地价平衡研究

区域基准地价平衡是区域城镇基准地价评估的重要内容，对地价管理具有重要的现实意义。分析了不同尺度基准地价平衡的内涵、实质及不同尺度平衡的机理，运用多种方法从宏观尺度的城镇间基准地价平衡、中观尺度的土地级别之间基准地价平衡、微观尺度地块间的区片价平衡进行了研究。以广西县级市——桂平市为例，对桂平市所辖的28个城镇基准地价平衡进行了实例研究，为区域城镇基准地价平衡提供了实用的模式与方法，为培育、发展城镇土地市场奠定了基础。     

EXTERNALITIES,WATER PRICES,AND WATER TRANSFERS1

Discussing, estimating or analyzing the value of water is a difficult task. In addressing the value of water as reflected in its price — either as charged by a water utility, as the price of a water transfer, or a water sale in some market — this paper will examine three propositions regarding water pricing. The paper will consider the marginal scarcity rent of water, estimates of externalities, the full cost pricing of water and the consequences of these considerations on water prices, transfers and the efficiency of water use.     

Examining hard coking coal price differentials A hedonic pricing approach

Hedonic pricing models were developed and estimated econometrically to investigate the impact of quality variables on hard coking coal prices in the Japanese market. The results show that the hedonic pricing approach can provide a useful method for evaluating price-quality relations for non-homogeneous products such as hard coking coal. Based on coking coal contract data, the analysis shows that while quality differentials account for a large part of the price variation in hard coking coal, there is a major difference in the way Australian and Canadian hard coking coals are priced. However, this result does not necessarily imply the existence of discriminatory pricing. This is because the current analysis is limited by its ability to account for the complexity of price negotiation process and the difficulty in quantifying non-quality related variables.     

Developing of a pricing model for Turkish lignite used in thermal plants

The objective of this paper is to develop a general pricing model for Turkish Lignite, which is mainly sold to thermal plants. This model will contribute to the development of coal mining within the scope of privatization efforts of the Turkish energy market. The paper consists of two stages. First, data of 10 thermal plants have been evaluated by using hedonic pricing analysis to determine influential price parameters. The results of hedonic regression analysis indicate the effect and importance of calorific value and electricity price on lignite prices. Second, a general coal-pricing model has been developed by taking into account the results of hedonic analysis. Comparison of the coal prices estimated by the developed pricing model and the coal prices obtained from thermal plants indicates an acceptable relation.     

Water resource pricing: Policy options

This paper critically examines pricing policy options for water resources and attempts to derive an operationally feasible and socially desirable pricing structure for this important resource. Marginal cost pricing options are studied under different economic and resource conditions, such as inflation, constrained water resources and price distortions in an economy. Options such as pricing of water at its ‘real’ resource value, ‘social’ pricing, and pricing to reflect intangible benefits are also examined.     

CONSERVATIONAL WATER PRICING FOR INCREASED WATER SUPPLY BENEFITS1

ABSTRACT: A study was undertaken to see if benefits from water supply could be increased by utilizing price-usage information in reservoir design studies. Three pricing policies were examined. The first policy assumed no price-use relationship, and quantity demanded was based on existing community usage with a low water rate. The price of water was set to recover system costs. A price-use relationship was assumed in the second policy and the water rate was constant. The price of water was determined from the associated system which provided maximum expected net benefits. The third policy assumed the price-use relationship and the price charged for water during each billing period was a non-linear function of storage which increased as the amount of water in storage at the beginning of the period decreased. It was found that the use of the conservation pricing policies substantially reduced storage requirements while providing demonstrable net benefits to the community and a large average supply. The conservation pricing policies substantially lowered the average price paid for water. The effect of uncertainty in consumer response to changes in price was studied by using a probabilistic price-use relationship. This uncertainty did not significantly reduce the effectiveness of the conservation policy. It was concluded that demand management by the use of a proper pricing policy could significantly increase net water supply benefits to a community.     

Iron ore spot price volatility and change in forward pricing mechanism

To examine the impact of the change in forward pricing mechanism on the volatility of iron ore spot prices, we model the iron ore daily price of Platts IODEX from October 7, 2008 to September 21, 2012. The identified iron ore spot price tends to be less volatile after the introduction of quarterly pricing mechanism. Our main approaches are as follows: (i) to decompose the spot price of Platts IODEX into two subsamples and relate the result of the structural break to the date of the switch in the iron ore forward pricing mechanism; (ii) to apply the EGARCH (1, 1) model to simultaneously capture the long memory and the asymmetric effect on the volatility of the iron ore spot price; and (iii) to delineate the news impact curve to further interpret the asymmetric effect.     

小城镇基准地价更新方法研究

基准地价评估及更新是目前土地管理的一项重要和经常性的工作。针对小城镇的土地利用特点，对小城镇土地定级估价更新中的地价样本祷点、土地级别调整、基准地价更新评估等方面进行了研究，选择级别界线修订法更新小城镇土地级别，并在此基础上探索出适合小城镇特点的基准地价更新方法。