赤泥在环境治理中的应用研究进展

论述了赤泥的基本特性,介绍了赤泥作为吸附剂或作为原料制备的絮凝剂在水处理中的应用研究情况,以及赤泥在废气治理和土壤修复中的研究应用现状,并对其处理机理进行了分析,对今后赤泥的应用研究方向进行了展望。     

微波技术在废物处理中的应用

综述了微波在废物处理中的应用,主要介绍了微波加热的机理及特点,微波在处理放射性废物、废旧电路板、污泥、医疗垃圾、废轮胎中的应用,展望了微波技术在废物处理中的应用前景.     

废纸包装材料的研究现状及发展趋势

介绍了废纸包装材料的研究、应用和进展,分析了现有废纸材料应用上的优势及不足,提出了废纸包装材料的发展趋势。     

FCL氨法烟气脱硫技术特点及应用

介绍氨法脱硫技术在我国的应用,重点介绍了上海弗卡斯(FCL)环保工程有限公司拥有自主知识产权的氨法烟气脱硫技术的特点及其应用,展望了该技术在烟气脱硫领域的应用前景.     

柴油车尾气处理液应用展望

尾气处理液是柴油车尾气处理SCR技术中所必需的还原剂。本文通过分析柴油车尾气的排放情况及SCR技术应用发展趋势,着重介绍了柴油车尾气处理液的研究现状及应用情况,总结了尾气处理液应用中存在的问题并阐明了后续的发展方向。     

计算机辅助科学研究在环境工程领域的应用

综述了计算机辅助科学研究在环境工程领域中的应用现状,指出了计算机辅助科学在环境工程领域应用的必要性和存在的问题及发展方向.     

工业固体废物在絮凝剂制备上的应用及问题探讨

介绍了工业固体废物在制备无机高分子絮凝剂上的应用,尤其对它们在制备聚硅酸类絮凝剂上的应用做了较为详细的说明,并对存在的问题进行了探讨.     

微波加热技术在难降解有机废水处理中的应用

论述了含酚废水、染料废水、制药废水及工业氨氮废水的特点并对微波加热技术在该类废水中的应用现状进行了深入的分析,总结了微波加热技术在含酚废水、染料废水、制药废水及工业氨氮废水处理中的应用优势,展望了微波加热技术在废水处理中的应用前景.     

再生胶在柔性防水卷材中的应用

根据两年研制开发的成果,用再生胶制成涂复再生胶,在柔性防水卷材中得到了大量应用,抗老化和防渗漏性能优良,为再生胶应用开辟了新的途径.     

火电厂脱NOx用SCR催化剂种类及工程应用

介绍了SCR法脱除氮氧化物的催化剂种类,着重介绍了商业用钛基脱硝催化剂和现阶段国内脱硝催化剂的应用情况,讨论了导致催化剂中毒的各种原因,阐述了燃煤电厂应用SCR技术中对催化剂的要求。     

SLFP: a stochastic linear fractional programming approach for sustainable waste management

A stochastic linear fractional programming (SLFP) approach is developed for supporting sustainable municipal solid waste management under uncertainty. The SLFP method can solve ratio optimization problems associated with random information, where chance-constrained programming is integrated into a linear fractional programming framework. It has advantages in: (1) comparing objectives of two aspects, (2) reflecting system efficiency, (3) dealing with uncertainty expressed as probability distributions, and (4) providing optimal-ratio solutions under different system-reliability conditions. The method is applied to a case study of waste flow allocation within a municipal solid waste (MSW) management system. The obtained solutions are useful for identifying sustainable MSW management schemes with maximized system efficiency under various constraint-violation risks. The results indicate that SLFP can support in-depth analysis of the interrelationships among system efficiency, system cost and system-failure risk.     

Integrated Assessment of Air Pollution Abatement Strategies in Urban Areas: Application to the Greater Athens Area

This paper presents an integrated system for the assessmentof technical and non-technical measures that are putforward in order to reduce air pollution levels in urbanareas. In contrast to the majority of the currentlyemployed assessment tools, this system allows for theevaluation of any proposed air pollution control measure interms of its combined impact on air quality and socialwelfare, by correlating the environmental and economicaspects of alternative air pollution abatement solutions.Based on the multi-pollutant, multi-effect concept, thesystem presented aims in providing policy-makers with areliable tool for the objective assessment of the mostcost-effective packages of measures, the latter beingallocated according to the particular features and needs ofthe areas examined.     

Rheology of Concentrated Cellulose Solutions in 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride

Rheological behavior of the concentrated cellulose/1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) solutions was investigated. As polymeric fluid, solutions of cellulose in [BMIM]Cl display a marked elastic behavior under shear flow. The dependence of the shear viscosity η, and of the dynamic modulus, on concentration, average degree of polymerization (DP) and temperature is discussed. At lower concentrations and degrees of polymerization (DP), cellulose solutions show viscous, inelastic behavior at low frequencies and low shear rate. At higher concentration and DP, cellulose solutions are more elastic at higher frequencies and shear rate. Such solutions also have some usual rheological properties. The dynamic rheological responses revealed that the Cox–Merz rule did not hold for these cellulose solutions at high deformation rate. Plotting storage modulus G′ against loss modulus G″ gave almost a master curve which is independent of temperature and concentration, with the slope of about 1.651 for 10 wt% cellulose solutions. This value indicates the existence of microheterogeneity in the solution system.     

Waste management under multiple complexities: inexact piecewise-linearization-based fuzzy flexible programming

To tackle nonlinear economies-of-scale (EOS) effects in interval-parameter constraints for a representative waste management problem, an inexact piecewise-linearization-based fuzzy flexible programming (IPFP) model is developed. In IPFP, interval parameters for waste amounts and transportation/operation costs can be quantified; aspiration levels for net system costs, as well as tolerance intervals for both capacities of waste treatment facilities and waste generation rates can be reflected; and the nonlinear EOS effects transformed from objective function to constraints can be approximated. An interactive algorithm is proposed for solving the IPFP model, which in nature is an interval-parameter mixed-integer quadratically constrained programming model. To demonstrate the IPFP's advantages, two alternative models are developed to compare their performances. One is a conventional linear-regression-based inexact fuzzy programming model (IPFP2) and the other is an IPFP model with all right-hand-sides of fussy constraints being the corresponding interval numbers (IPFP3). The comparison results between IPFP and IPFP2 indicate that the optimized waste amounts would have the similar patterns in both models. However, when dealing with EOS effects in constraints, the IPFP2 may underestimate the net system costs while the IPFP can estimate the costs more accurately. The comparison results between IPFP and IPFP3 indicate that their solutions would be significantly different. The decreased system uncertainties in IPFP's solutions demonstrate its effectiveness for providing more satisfactory interval solutions than IPFP3. Following its first application to waste management, the IPFP can be potentially applied to other environmental problems under multiple complexities.     

湿法脱硫吸收塔在线监测系统常见问题及解决办法

在线监测装置是运行人员的＂眼睛＂,能否正常运行,对整套脱硫系统的可靠、经济、甚至安全运行均有十分重要的影响。脱硫系统所属的关键在线监测装置包括压降测量装置、吸收塔浆液密度和液位测量装置、吸收塔浆液pH值测量装置,堵塞是三者所存在的共性问题,后两者还存在其他方面的常见问题,分析了某厂湿法脱硫吸收塔在线监测系统产生上述常见问题的原因,提出了相应的解决办法。     

Survey of carbonization facilities for municipal solid waste treatment in Japan

The operations of carbonization facilities for municipal solid waste treatment in Japan were examined. Input waste, system processes, material flows, quality of char and its utilization, fuel and chemical consumption, control of facility emissions, and trouble areas in facility operation were investigated and analyzed. Although carbonization is a technically available thermochemical conversion method for municipal solid waste treatment, problems of energy efficiency and char utilization must be solved for carbonization to be competitive. Possible solutions include (1) optimizing the composition of input waste, treatment scale, organization of unit processes, operational methods, and quality and yield of char on the basis of analysis and feedback of long-term operating data of present operating facilities and (2) securing stable char demands by linking with local industries such as thermal electric power companies, iron manufacturing plants, and cement production plants.     

Environmental management of construction and demolition waste in Kuwait

There is an increasing pressure on the construction industry to reduce costs and improve the quality of our environment. The fact is that both of these goals can be achieved at the same time. Although construction and demolition (C&D) constitutes a major source of waste in terms of volume and weight, its management and recycling efforts have not yet seen the light in Kuwait. This study focuses on recycling efforts leading to the minimization of the total C&D waste that is currently landfilled in Kuwait. This paper presents the current status of C&D waste disposal system in Kuwait and identifies the potential problems to the environment, people and economy. Then, it investigates alternative solutions to manage and control this major type of waste in an economically efficient and environmentally safe manner. Next, the paper describes the feasibility of establishing a C&D waste recycling facility in Kuwait. It concludes by highlighting the major benefits and bottleneck problems with such a recycling facility.     

Identifying optimal regional solid waste management strategies through an inexact integer programming model containing infinite objectives and constraints

The previous inexact mixed-integer linear programming (IMILP) method can only tackle problems with coefficients of the objective function and constraints being crisp intervals, while the existing inexact mixed-integer semi-infinite programming (IMISIP) method can only deal with single-objective programming problems as it merely allows the number of constraints to be infinite. This study proposes, an inexact mixed-integer bi-infinite programming (IMIBIP) method by incorporating the concept of functional intervals into the programming framework. Different from the existing methods, the IMIBIP can tackle the inexact programming problems that contain both infinite objectives and constraints. The developed method is applied to capacity planning of waste management systems under a variety of uncertainties. Four scenarios are considered for comparing the solutions of IMIBIP with those of IMILP. The results indicate that reasonable solutions can be generated by the IMIBIP method. Compared with IMILP, the system cost from IMIBIP would be relatively high since the fluctuating market factors are considered; however, the IMILP solutions are associated with a raised system reliability level and a reduced constraint violation risk level.     

大港油田污水回用工程超滤反渗透设计

通过总结大港油田污水回用深度处理工程超滤反渗透系统设计思路,介绍了目前国际领先的"双膜法"污水回用深度处理技术.着重论述了该工程超滤反渗透单元以及各辅助系统如加药、反洗、化学清洗等系统的设计,研究并探讨了系统设计中膜污染问题的解决措施和思路.     

湿法脱硫系统GGH堵塞原因分析及改进措施

通过对2×300MW机组脱硫系统GGH及除雾器堵塞原因的分析,认为烟气携带浆液是造成脱硫系统堵塞的主要原因。分别从烟气流量和影响系统通流面积的角度对烟气携带浆液造成系统堵塞的问题提出了改进措施,为设置GGH的脱硫系统避免GGH堵塞、确保系统长周期运行提供了良好的借鉴。