壳聚糖改性凹凸棒土对重金属离子的吸附

采用浸渍法将壳聚糖负载在凹凸棒土上,制备了改性的凹凸棒土。用该吸附剂吸附溶液中Pb^2＋,Cd^2＋的实验结果表明：未负载壳聚糖时,凹凸棒土对Cd^2＋的吸附率为55%;当负载壳聚糖的质量分数为0.04时,凹凸棒土对Cd^2＋的吸附率达最大值（为91%）,对Pb2＋的吸附率也达最大值（为75%）。其吸附行为符合Langmuir等温吸附方程和Freundlich等温吸附方程。该吸附剂可重复使用。     

凹凸棒颗粒吸附过滤剂及其制备方法

该发明公开了一种凹凸棒颗粒吸附过滤剂及其制备方法。其制备方法：用凹凸棒石黏土作为原料，经酸化处理后烘干，添加稻谷壳共同磨粉、造粒、焙烧，成品为凹凸棒颗粒吸附过滤剂。该发明的凹凸棒颗粒吸附过滤剂，酸化效果完全，无二次污染，颗粒表面粗糙坚硬、比表面积大、孔隙率高、吸附脱色性能好、过滤截污能力强、使用寿命长、反冲洗耗水量少，并且不含对人体有害的物质，生产工艺简单，     

凹凸棒土/苯胺-邻氨基酚复合吸附剂的制备及其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

采用原位聚合法制备了凹凸棒土/苯胺-邻氨基酚（ATP/PANOAP）复合吸附剂,对其进行了SEM和FTIR表征,并通过吸附实验考察了ATP/PANOAP对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能。实验结果表明,ATP/PANOAP对水中Cr（Ⅵ）具有良好的去除效果,在Cr（Ⅵ）初始质量浓度为50 mg/L、溶液pH为6、吸附剂加入量为0.375 g/L、温度为298 K的条件下,Cr（Ⅵ）去除率达93.39%。ATP/PANOAP对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附热力学过程符合Langmuir单层吸附模型,该吸附过程以化学吸附为主,且为自发进行的吸热反应。     

膨胀石墨对直接染料废水吸附脱色研究

以鳞片石墨、乙酸酐、浓硫酸、重铬酸钾为原料制备了膨胀体积为350mL／g的膨胀石墨。以膨胀石墨为吸附剂，对直接大红4B、甲基橙染料废水进行了吸附脱色研究，探讨了影响吸附的因素。实验结果表明：直接大红4B（质量浓度300mg／L）、甲基橙（质量浓度200mg／L）的吸附平衡时间分别为6h和5h；在相同质量浓度（200mg／L）下，pH对两种染料废水的脱色率影响不大，膨胀石墨对直接大红4B废水的脱色率在93％以上，对甲基橙废水的脱色率最高只有70．4％；直接大红4B废水的脱色率随温度的升高而增加，甲基橙废水的脱色率随温度的升高而减小，但吸附量受温度的影响不大，两种染料的吸附符合Langumuir吸附等温式。     

一种染料母液废水的吸附脱色研究

选取10种廉价材料对活性染料母液废水进行吸附脱色,结果显示,7种生物质材料脱色效果相对较好,其中橡树叶脱色效率达14.6%.选取橡树叶进行操作条件的优化,结果显示,低pH有利于染料的吸附;脱色率随吸附剂投加量的增加而增高;吸附剂的一次投加优于多次投加;改性处理后脱色效率超过50%.     

水性油墨废水絮凝污泥制备吸附剂及阳离子染料的吸附

以水性油墨废水絮凝污泥为原料、采用一步炭化活化法制备了吸附剂,并将其用于阳离子蓝X-GRRL溶液(300 mg/L)的吸附处理。考察了吸附剂投加量、吸附时间、吸附温度和吸附pH对吸附效果的影响,并对吸附动力学进行了探讨。结果表明:所制得吸附剂的总孔体积为0.5 cm~3/g,平均孔径为7.12 nm;在吸附剂投加量0.6g/L、吸附时间420 min、吸附温度25℃、吸附pH 5.4的条件下,吸附量高达486.21 mg/g,脱色率达97.24%;该吸附剂对于阳离子蓝X-GRRL的吸附过程可用准二级动力学模型和颗粒内扩散效应模型很好地描述。     

甲乙酮生产尾气中甲乙酮和仲丁醇吸附剂QMS-01的研制及应用

通过对数种吸附剂的筛选,选出了活性炭作为吸附H2中MEK、SBA的吸附剂.考察了不同制备工艺和工艺条件对吸附剂性能的影响,在此基础上,成功地研制出了QMS-01 吸附剂.该吸附剂再生性能好,并在齐翔公司甲乙酮工业装置上投入使用,取得了良好的经济效益.     

交联壳聚糖季铵盐吸附剂的制备及其对重金属离子的吸附

以壳聚糖为原料、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（DMDAAC）为接枝单体、甲醛为预交联剂、环氧氯丙烷为交联剂，通过反相乳液聚合制备出交联壳聚糖季铵盐吸附剂，并将其用于吸附Ni（Ⅱ）和Cr（Ⅵ）。考察了吸附时间、溶液初始浓度、溶液pH等因素对吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明：该吸附剂对Ni（Ⅱ）和Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附过程遵循拟二级动力学方程，吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程；在30 ℃条件下，Ni（Ⅱ）和Cr（Ⅵ）的溶液初始浓度均为1 mmol/L时，该吸附剂吸附Ni（Ⅱ）和Cr（Ⅵ）的最佳溶液pH分别为7和6，对应的平衡吸附量分别为1.18，1.99 mmol/g；该吸附剂可用盐酸再生，重复使用性能良好。     

钢渣吸附-微波降解法处理碱性品红废水

研究了钢渣对碱性品红染料的吸附性能、影响因素以及微波对吸附在钢渣-焦炭上的染料的降解作用。实验表明,在中性条件下,钢渣对碱性品红具有优良的吸附性能,饱和吸附量可达到42．4mg／g。以钢渣处理质量浓度为100mg/L的碱性品红溶液,当固液质量比为1：50、振荡吸附1h后,染料溶液脱色率达97％。实验还表明,焦炭可吸收微波产生高温,用钢渣-焦炭混合物（质量比1：1）吸附染料后,以微波辐照可使物料达到665℃的高温,吸附的染料降解。吸附剂再生后重复使用4次,脱色率都达到95％以上。     

TiO2/凹凸棒土复合催化剂的制备及光催化降解活性大红

以凹凸棒土作为载体,以 TiOSO4为钛源,采用超声分散-再沉淀法制备了 TiO2粒径为 10 nm 左右的锐钛矿型 TiO2/凹凸棒土复合催化剂.并采用 X 射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、X 射线能谱仪对复合催化剂进行了表征.制备复合催化剂的最佳条件:凹凸棒土与 TiO2的质量比为 1:3.0,煅烧温度为 450 ℃....     

用膨润土处理油田污水的研究进展

介绍了膨润土的基本特性及其存油田污水处理中的研究情况。天然膨润土经改性后，可吸附去除油田污水中的油、烃类衍生物、注聚残留聚合物及表面活性剂；负载金属氧化物的改性膨润土可对光催化氧化产生协同效应，提高光催化氧化油田污水中有机物的能力；在高压下将膨润土制成薄膜，对油田污水中的无机离了有一定的截留去除作用。     

麦秸基木质陶瓷/凹凸棒石复合材料制备与性能表征

介绍了以麦秸秆、凹凸棒石为原料,以酚醛树脂、固化剂为辅料,按照不同的配比进行混合、干燥、热压,而后采用高温烧结工艺,制备新型复合碳材料。试验制备了各种不同原料配比以及不同烧结温度下的材料,并对材料的物理强度、密度、气孔率、强度、电阻率等性能进行了测试,对其性能表征、形成机理和形成规律进行分析,初步探讨了原料选择、原料配比、碳化温度等参数对制备工艺以及复合材料性能的影响,确定了当麦秸秆∶凹凸棒石=2∶1和3∶1,温度为700～800℃时,材料的各物理性能较为理想。实验证明麦秸秆为原材料制备凹凸棒石的可行性,为麦秸秆的资源化利用、凹凸棒石的应用以及木质陶瓷复合材料的研究开辟了新的研究方向。     

Cement solidification of simulated off-gas condensates from vitrification of low-level nuclear waste solutions

Solidification in a cementitious matrix is a viable alternative for low-level nuclear waste management; it is therefore important to understand the behavior and properties of such wasteforms. We have examined the cementitious solidification of simulated off-gas waste streams resulting from the vitrification of low-level nuclear waste. Different possible methods for scrubbing the off-gasses from a vitrifier give rise to three possible types of waste compositions: acidic (from aqueous dissolution of volatile NOx and POx carried over from the vitrifier), basic (from neutralizing the former with sodium hydroxide), and fully carbonated (arising from a direct-combustion vitrifier). Six binder compositions were tested in which ordinary Portland cement was replaced at different proportions by fly ash and/or ground granulated blast furnace slag. A high solution to binder ratio of 1l/1 kg was used to minimize the volume of the wasteform and 10% attapulgite clay was added to all mixes to ensure that the fresh mix did not segregate prior to setting. The 28-day compressive strengths decreased when a high proportion of cement was replaced with fly ash, but were increased significantly when the cement was replaced with slag. The heats of hydration at early age for the various solids compositions decreased when cement was replaced with either fly ash or slag; however, for the fly ash mix the low heat was also associated with a significant decrease in compressive strength. High curing temperature (60 degrees C) or the use of extra-fine slag did not significantly affect the compressive strength. Recommendations for choice of binder formulations and treatment of off-gas condensates are discussed.     

颗粒状污泥活性炭流化床吸附处理含铜矿山废水

以城市污水处理厂活性污泥为原料，通过高温热解制备了颗粒状污泥活性炭吸附剂。在自制的流化床吸附装置上研究了该吸附剂对含铜矿山废水的吸附处理效果。实验结果表明：在初始废水pH6、吸附剂加入量15g/L、废水循环流量6.0L/min、吸附时间120min的最佳吸附条件下，废水中Cu²⁺去除率达98.2%。     

新型热电厂烟气脱硫剂的制备及中试试验

采用乙醇胺、乳酸及乙醇合成了乙醇胺乳酸盐,并将其与水复配制得含水量为15%的乙醇胺乳酸盐离子液体脱硫剂(ELIL脱硫剂),探讨了中试脱硫试验过程中脱硫剂的SO_2吸收性能及重复使用性能。试验结果表明:在长达72 h的吸收过程中,该脱硫剂的硫容(以SO_2计)与吸收时间呈一次函数关系;在硫容达到3.0%左右时,ELIL脱硫剂的黏度达到最大值;以w(SO_2)为0.69%的模拟烟道气连续中试运转72 h,尾气中的SO_2质量浓度远小于50 mg/cm~3,达到GB 13271—2014《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》的要求;使用5次后,ELIL脱硫剂的饱和硫容基本稳定在4.6%,重复使用性良好;随着重复使用次数的增加,SO_4~(2-)积累量逐次增加,可通过加入Ca(OH)_2除去SO_4~(2-),提高ELIL脱硫剂的脱硫性能。     

Evaluation of synthetic adsorbents for cleanup of herbicide-laden wastewater

Small-and large-scale farm operators and applicators urgently need user-friendly and cost-effective on-site methods to treat dilute-formulated herbicide-laden wastewater (i.e., rinsate). In this study, we investigated solvent-regenerable synthetic adsorbents, Ambersorb® 563 adsorbent, Ambersorb 572 adsorbent, and Ambersorb 575 adsorbent, as alternatives to activated carbon (Filtrasorb ® 400) for cleanup of water containing Dual 8E (a.i., metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide]) or Banvel 4L (a.i., dicamba [3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid]). Batch-type adsorption experiments were conducted to compare adsorptive capacities of the various adsorbents. Adsorption maxima, obtained from adsorption isotherms, indicated that of the Ambersorb adsorbents tested, Ambersorb 572 adsorbent generally exhibited the highest adsorptive capacities for the herbicides tested and was comparable to Filtrasorb 400. Solvent (methanol) regenerability studies demonstrated that herbicide was readily recovered from Ambersorb 572 adsorbent and Filtrasorb 400. In general, metolachlor was more readily recoverable than dicamba. In fixed-bed column studies, Ambersorb 572 adsorbent exhibited twice the adsorptive capacity of Filtrasorb 400. Fixed-bed columns were more effective in removing metolachlor from herbicide containing water regardless of the adsorbent used. Multicycling of Ambersorb 572 adsorbent resulted in 30% loss of adsorptive capacity for dicamba as Banvel 4L and no loss of adsorptive capacity for metolachlor as Dual 8E. Working capacity was reached after three adsorption-regeneration cycles. Fixed-bed columns packed with solvent-regenerable adsorbents may prove useful as part of an on-site wastewater disposal system.     

Removal of fluoride from water using aluminum-modified activated carbon prepared from khat (Catha edulis) stems

This study investigated the fluoride removal efficiency and adsorption of a low-cost adsorbent prepared using aluminum-modified activated carbon from khat (Catha edulis) in a batch-mode reactor. The operating factors, including pH, adsorbent dose, and fluoride initial concentration, were optimized using the Box Behnken design of response surface methodology. The correlation coefficient (R²) for the removal of fluoride was found to be 0.93, showing the validity of the developed quadratic model. The results showed that, under optimized conditions of an adsorbent dose of 2.47 g/L, an initial fluoride concentration of 2.1 mg/L, an initial pH 6.08, and 60 min, 90% fluoride reduction was achieved. Meanwhile, the adsorption isotherm and kinetics followed the Langmuir adsorption model and the Pseudo second model, respectively, with a monolayer adsorption capacity of 0.3065 mg/g. On the other hand, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed the formation of major peaks of components such as hydroxyl and carboxylic acids. The same optimum treatment conditions (adsorbent dose of 2.47 g/L, initial pH 6.08, and treatment time of 60 min) managed to remove low initial fluoride concentrations of 3.67 and 4.33 mg/L from real groundwater by 72.84% and 70.37%, respectively. The modified adsorbent prepared in this study successfully treat the low fluoride concentration to a level recommended by WHO for drinking water.     

Removal of Cr(VI) from contaminated soil by electrokinetic remediation

A new process for the removal of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] contaminated soil is described. The process provides for an efficient removal of anionic chemicals from contaminated soils. Chromate anions were removed from the soil to the anodic reservoir by the moving force of electromigration. In this process, the chromate anions that accumulate in the anodic reservoir are simultaneously eliminated by using a column packed adsorbent. The adsorbent (immobilized tannin) used was chemically incorporated into cellulose. Cr(VI) was found to be adsorbed to this adsorbent efficiently. In the electrokinetic process, the pH of the aqueous solution in the anodic reservoir was decreased by the electrolysis of water. In the present study, the pH of the solution in the anodic reservoir is maintained at pH 6 by the addition of an aqueous alkaline solution during the electrokinetic process. The advantage of pH control is that it promotes the release of Cr(VI) from the soil by electromigration, thus permitting the maximum adsorption of Cr(VI) on the immobilized tannin. Simultaneous collection of Cr(VI) from the anodic reservoir leads to the protection from secondary contamination with Cr(VI).