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1.
Impact of advanced storage facilities on households’ maize storage losses and food security in China
Luo Yi Huang Dong Miao Haimin Wu Laping Zhu Junfeng 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(1):221-237
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Reducing post harvest losses has been an option to enhance food security. Hence, the Chinese government has implemented the “scientific grain... 相似文献
2.
S. N. Sannikov I. V. Petrova N. S. Sannikova E. V. Egorov T. V. Filippova 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2011,42(3):186-191
Comparative allozyme analysis of 26 marginal island populations of Pinus sylvestris L. and 20 populations from the center of the species range has confirmed, at the species level, the Wright-Dubinin “island
model” of automatic genetic processes and Mayr’s hypothesis about homozygotization of small isolated populations at range
boundaries. It has been shown that the polymorphism of isolated populations sharply decreases when their area is reduced below
15–20 km2 and increases to the level observed in the center of the range when the population area exceeds 50–100 km2. A chorogenetic classification of marginal P. sylvestris populations is proposed. 相似文献
3.
S. S. S. Sarma Saúl Avelino Rivera Fabiola Elizalde Hinojosa S. Nandini 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2007,38(5):353-362
We tested separately the effect of two taxonomically related rotifers (B. patulus and B. macracanthus) on the population dynamics of another species (A. fissa) at low (0.5 ×10 6) and high food levels (1.5 × 106 cells/ml of Chlorella vulgaris) using different inoculation densities (0–100%). We also quantified the impact of A. fissa on the two brachionid species. Regardless of the presence of the competing species, an increase in the availability of food
led to increase in the abundances of the three rotifers. The population growth of B. patulus, B. macracanthus, or A. fissa was affected negatively when cultured together with another species. An increase in the initial density of any one of the
competing species became advantageous to maintain a certain population size. At a low algal food level, B. patulus was able to suppress A. fissa more strongly than B. macracanthus. On the other hand, at a high food level, B. macracanthus suppressed the population of A. fissa more strongly than B. patulus. Peak population densities for A. fissa varied from about 150 to 1000 ind./ml, depending on food density and the presence of competitors. The rate of population
increase (r) of A. fissa, B. patulus, and B. macracanthus increased with an increase in food availability but decreased with increasing initial density of the competitor. Both Brachionus spp. experienced negative growth rates in the presence of A. fissa, especially at a high initial density of the latter.
Published in Russian in Ekologiya, 2007, Vol. 38, No. 5, pp. 381–390.
The article was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
4.
Chentouf Mohammed Allouch Mohamed 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(9):10945-10974
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Energy security is a multi-dimensional concept that is gaining a growing interest worldwide for studying the sustainability of a given energy sector.... 相似文献
5.
The mid altitudinal oak, Quercus floribunda forms predominantly evergreen forest in Central Himalaya between 2000–2400 m. It is late successional, mature phase species
that has limited regeneration on disturbance prone sites. This oak produces mast seed crops at an interval of 2–3 years. During
masting in Q. floribunda the seed fall and germination is upto ten times greater than in normal years, emphasizing the importance of mast year crop
in forest maintenance. However, no mast year in this species since the last nine years (1997–2005) is a matter of serious
concern. The rise in the summer and winter temperature over a period of 15 years appear to have affected the frequency of
masting in this oak. The importance of masting can be adjudged from the fact that 97% of the surviving seedlings m−2 are of the mast year crop. 相似文献
6.
A. V. Ilyinykh D. K. Kurenshchikov A. A. Baburin E. L. Imranova 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2011,42(3):236-240
For the first time, an attempt has been made to reveal possible causes of the relative “brevity” of gypsy moth outbreaks in
the Russian Far East. The results show that major factors limiting these outbreaks include the weakly manifested seasonal
drift of gypsy moth foci, oviposition habits, as well as specific weather conditions during the period of larval development
and death that facilitating the dispersal of insect pathogens in components of the forest ecosystem. 相似文献
7.
Ahmad Barati Asieh Aliakbari Seyed Mahmoud Ghasempouri 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2011,42(4):315-320
Variations in breeding success of the Whiskered Terns (Chlidonias hybrida) were studied in two wetlands; Anzali (2005 and 2008) and Zarivar (2007–2008) in north and west Iran. Nesting success was
modeled and compared using information-theoretic approach implemented in program Mark in order to assess effects of colony
locations, years and nest initiation dates on the probability of daily nest survival. Clutch size did not vary between colonies
and years. Breeding success varied between colonies (Zarivar > Anzali), and years only in Anzali (2005 > 2008). Overall daily
nest survival was 0.977. (95% LCI 0.973, UCI 0.981), equivalent to a Mayfield nest survival of 0.317. (95% LCI 0.255, UCI
0.387). Egg-laying periods and colony site were important covariates affecting the daily survival rates (Σω
i
= 0.86 and Σω
i
= 0.83, respectively), while, the support for the effect of year was less (Σω
i
= 0.41). We concluded that Lake Zarivar provides a more favorable nesting location for Whiskered Terns probably because of
little changes in rainfall and water depth during the breeding seasons which influence breeding performance. 相似文献
8.
While there are many studies of the impacts of climate change and variability on food production, few studies are devoted
to a comprehensive assessment of impacts on food systems. Results of a survey of food systems and household adaptation strategies
in three communities in the Afram Plains, Ghana, reveal how extreme climatic events affect rural food production, transportation,
processing and storage. Adaptation strategies implemented by the three communities during past droughts serve as a foundation
for planning responses to future climate change. Results of this study suggest that food security in this region—where droughts
and floods are expected to become more severe due to climate change—could be enhanced by increasing farm-based storage facilities;
improving the transportation system, especially feeder roads that link food production areas and major markets; providing
farmers with early warning systems; extending credit to farmers; and the use of supplementary irrigation. This study also
indicates that some cultural practices, particularly those that prohibit the consumption of certain foods, may reduce the
resilience of some individuals and ethnic groups to food system disruptions. Understanding the local context and the responses
of households is critical to the development of effective strategies for reducing the potential adverse impacts of climatic
change on food security in rural Ghana. 相似文献
9.
Ahmed Irfan Socci Claudio Pretaroli Rosita Severini Francesca Deriu Stefano 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(1):426-453
Environment, Development and Sustainability - In August and October 2016, and January 2017, Central Italy was shaken by four strong earthquakes followed by other earthquake swarms. These disruptive... 相似文献
10.
V. F. Kulesh 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2009,40(6):405-414
Biotic factors such as intraspecific competition, stocking density, and parameters of feeding have been compared with respect
to their effect on the growth and survival of monosex and mixed populations of the Oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan) in warm-water aquaculture. The results suggest that biotic factors—in the present case, social interactions and,
to some extent, the efficiency of food assimilation—may be more effective than genetic factors in controlling differences
in the size composition of the population. 相似文献
11.
M. A. Potapov I. V. Zadubrovskaya P. A. Zadubrovskii O. F. Potapova V. I. Evsikov 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2012,43(1):40-44
A comparative analysis of reproductive behavior has been performed in the steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus) and narrow-skulled vole (Microtus gregalis). The results show that the species are similar in certain behavioral features indicative of the stability of mating pairs.
However, in the narrow-skulled vole, unlike in the steppe lemming, mature males in olfactory tests show preference for receptive
sibling females versus non-kin females. Probably, it is the absence of the incest taboo that allows the involvement of young
of the year in reproduction within growing family groups and accounts for “coloniality” of the species. 相似文献
12.
To estimate the capacity of the White Sea littoral mollusk Hydrobia ulvae (Pennant, 1777) for adaptation to changes in ambient salinity, the range of its tolerance to increased and decreased salinity
was determined experimentally. The results were used to plot the salinity tolerance polygon. On this basis, it was estimated
that H. ulvae can live in a salinity range of 6–85‰. 相似文献
13.
D. V. Veselkin 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2010,41(6):469-474
A method is described for comparing the influences of nonsymbiotic and symbiotic parameters (accounted for by the plant itself
and by the plant together with ectomycorrhizal fungi, respectively) of under-ground organs on the development of aboveground
organs. The method has been used to analyze 4- to 12-month Scots pine seedlings from 26 habitats. The results show that 24
to 88% (on average, 54%) of total variation in the weight of aboveground organs is dependent on specific structural features
of roots and mycorrhizae, with nonsymbiotic and symbiotic parameters of underground organs accounting for 5–73% (on average,
36%) and 3–45% (on average, 18%) of this variation. 相似文献
14.
We studied trends in food production and nitrous oxide emissions from India's agricultural sector between 1961 and 2000. Data
from Food and Agricultural Statistics (FAO) have been gathered covering production, consumption, fertilizer use and livestock
details. IPCC 1996 revised guidelines were followed in studying the variations in N2O-N emissions. Results suggest that total N2O-N emissions (direct, animal waste and indirect sources) increased ~6.1 times from ~0.048 to ~0.294 Tg N2O-N, over 40 years. Source-wise breakdown of emissions from 1961–2000 indicated that during 1961 most of the N2O-N inputs were from crop residues (61%) and biological nitrogen fixation (25%), while during 2000 the main sources were synthetic
fertilizer (~48%) and crop residues (19%). Direct emissions increased from ~0.031 to ~0.183 Tg. It is estimated that ~3.1%
of global N2O-N emissions comes from India. Trends in food production, primarily cereals (rice, wheat and coarse grains) and pulses, and
fertilizer consumption from 1961–2000 suggest that food production (cereals and pulses) increased only 3.7 times, while nitrogenous
fertilizer consumption increased ~43 times over this period, leading to extensive release of nitrogen to the atmosphere. From
this study, we infer that the challenge for Indian agriculture lies not only in increasing production but also in achieving
production stability while minimizing the impact to the environment, through various management and mitigation options. 相似文献
15.
E. Yu. Zakharova 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2012,43(2):162-168
Phenotypic variation in the widespread Siberian and Mongolian butterfly species Coenonympha amaryllis (Stoll, 1782), an indicator of undisturbed steppe communities, is analyzed. It is shown that its size variation is influenced
by a complex of climatic factors, the most important of them being the average starting date of the frost-free period and
average annual temperature in the region. Longitude-dependent variation in size is described by a “sawtooth curve” characteristic
of species with changing voltinism. 相似文献
16.
N. G. Smirnov E. A. Kuz’mina I. B. Golovachev T. V. Fadeeva 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2007,38(2):106-111
On the basis of abundant fossil and subfossil bone remains, the ecological and faunal role of the narrow-skulled vole in zonal
rodent communities of northern Eurasia is analyzed over the period from the Late Pleistocene to the present time. Special
attention is given to the correlated dynamics of relative abundance of Microtus gregalis and other rodent species in the course of transition from one zonal type to another and to specific features of this correlation
in the southern, middle, and northern parts of the species range. It is shown that distinctive dimensional and morphotypic
features of the two currently existing subspecies, Microtus gregalis major Ogn. and M. g. gregalis Pall., are the product of concordant development of the species and environmental conditions in the past 3000–4000 years
(transition from the Holocene optimum to the present-day climate and state of the natural environment).
Published in Russian in Ekologiya, 2007, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 117–123.
The article was translated by the authors. 相似文献
17.
Renyan Duan Chao Wang Xiao-an Wang Zhihong Zhu Hua Guo 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2009,40(7):501-509
We compared differences in plant species diversity between conifer (Pinus tabulaeformis) plantations and natural secondary forests in the middle of the Loess plateau. The goal of the study was to examine the differences
in the effect of stand development on species diversity and in species responses to changes between forest types and between
forest layers. To clarify the effects of differences in forest management, we emphasized the functional types of plant species
occurring in each forest type. The result as follow: (1) The H′ and S of tree layer were significantly lower in natural conifer forest than old conifer and secondary forest, but were not different
compared with mid aged conifer forest. The H′ and S of shrub layer were significantly lower in mid aged conifer forest compared with other forest types. The H′ of herb layer showed no significant differences in the four forest types. The evenness index (J′) of tree layer of mid aged conifer forest was lower than other forest communities and its J′ of shrub layer was highest although its richness of shrub layer was lower than in the other forest types. (2) The analysis
of β diversity index also indicated large differences between conifer plantations and natural forests. Although the tree layer
species were similar in old plantation and natural conifer forests, they differed greatly between the natural conifer and
secondary forests. The natural conifer and secondary forest species composition in shrub layer differed significantly from
those in plantation and secondary plots. Tree species were significantly less common in plantations than in abandoned coppice
forests. Species composition in the herb layer of different forest types was similar. (3) The management of P. tabulaeformis plantations alters plant species composition considerably; the number of sub tall-tree species is increased in old aged conifer
forest, especially species dispersed by animals. Plantation management appears to affect ecological processes through seed
dispersal. From the perspective of management, the change in the structure and composition of the canopy in plantations could
affect the behavior of dispersers and regeneration. 相似文献
18.
Vinish Kathuria 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2007,9(2):107-130
The common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) are being propagated as the policy response to circumvent the pollution problem
from the small-scale industries (SSIs), which abound in developing countries. The formation of the CETPs has been hailed as
a collective action or co-operative solution to a common problem involving all the agents responsible for pollution. This
paper investigated the desired criteria for designing an institution aimed at solving a common resource problem and factors
ensuring the smooth functioning or sustainability of the institution. The design criteria and factors are then tested on a
CETP set up in the Indian state of Haryana. The CETP, which was commissioned in 1997 had to be converted to a sewage treatment
plant (STP) as the collective arrangement collapsed. The criteria used in the present analysis are that of Ostrom’s [Governing the Commons. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press, 1990] design principles, whereas the factors considered for sustainability are
the one suggested by Rawls [A Theory of Justice. USA, Harvard University Press, 1971]. The analysis indicates that the Kundli CETP failed in both counts as neither all the
design principles were met nor did the institution fulfil different sustainability criteria. The paper concludes with the
lessons that can be learnt from Kundli’s failure.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
19.
This article considers a planner’s optimum control exercise with environmental pollution and derives a testable link between
the growth rates of consumption and pollution. The link is then empirically estimated for the case of CO2 emissions for a sample consisting of the union of top 25 countries in terms of CO2 emissions, population and per capita GNP. The analysis suggests that the interrelationship between the growth rates of CO2 emission and economic development is mostly significant for countries that have a high level of CO2 emissions and population. 相似文献
20.
To better understand how Batrachupems tibetanus responds to different temperature regimes in the blood parameters and to estimate the change in plasma cortisol level in
this species exposed to different temperatures, the animals were stochastically divided into three groups and exposed respectively
to 4.6°C, 14.6°C and 19.6°C for 12 days. The concentrations of glucose, total protein, albumin, triacylglycerol, Ca2+, K+, Na+, Cl−, and plasma cortisol level were measured respectively. There was no significant difference between the plasma cortisol level
of the control group and the experiment groups. Glucose level at 4.6°C and 19.6°C was significantly lower than glucose level
at 14.6°C. The plasma triacylglycerol level was significantly influenced by acclimation temperature. The concentration of
total protein, albumin, globulin and the ratio between albumin and globulin were not significantly influenced by temperature
when compared with control group. There was no significant change in concentration of Ca2+ at different temperatures. The concentration of K+ was significantly influenced by temperature. Plasma K+ level significantly increased at 19.6°C. The plasma Na+ level and Cl− were significantly influenced by temperature. Na+: Cl− ratio was significantly influenced by temperature. Therefore, glucose, triacylglycerol, Na+ and Cl− levels could be considered as indicators of thermal stress in B. tibetanus; plasma cortisol, albumin, globulin levels, and albumin/globulin ratio are not influenced by temperature. 相似文献