荧光光纤传感器测定废水中邻硝基苯酚

将２－（４－二苯基）－６－苯基苯并恶唑包埋在增塑的ＰＶＣ膜中,基于邻硝基苯酚对ＰＢＢＯ荧光的猝灭,研制了一种邻硝基苯酚荧光光纤传感器。该传感器对邻硝基苯酚的响应具有良好的可逆性和重现性,响应时间小于５０ｓ,在１．２＊１０＾－４－２．０＊１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ邻硝基苯酚浓度范围内具有好的线性关系。环境水中可能存在的常见阳离子、阴离子、酚、硝基化合物对邻硝基苯酚的测定不产生干扰,将传感器用于废水中的邻硝基     

KH-560交联壳聚糖固载β-环糊精薄膜对硝基苯酚的吸附行为

研究了KH-560交联壳聚糖固载β-环糊精薄膜对4-硝基苯酚、2,4-二硝基苯酚和2,4,6-三硝基苯酚的吸附行为,测定了吸附质浓度、pH、温度和吸附时间对其吸附性能的影响,并进行了热力学拟合。研究结果表明,在中性条件下,298K下吸附4-硝基苯酚在40min时可以达到平衡;随着硝基数目的增加,吸附量增大;随着温度的升高,吸附量减小;吸附过程用Langmuir模型描述更合适。     

废水中对硝基苯酚的极谱测定法

对硝基苯酚在 ０．０１ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ　乙二胺－０．０５ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ 氯化铵介质中于－０． ５５ Ｖ（ｖｓ． ＳＣＥ）处产生一波形好、灵敏度高的导数极谱波,在此实验条件下对硝基苯酚浓度在１．００×１０~－７～５．００×１０~－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内与导数波峰电流（Ｉｐ）呈良好的线性关系。检测下限为８．０×１０~－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。本方法测定废水中对硝基苯酚的含量取得了满意结果。     

La掺杂SnO2/Ti电极电催化降解邻硝基苯酚

采用凝胶一溶胶法制备了La掺杂SnO2/Ti电极并用于邻硝基苯酚废水的电解研究.分析了电流密度、电极距离、溶液初始pH对邻硝基苯酚电解效果的影响,确定了最佳电解条件.结果表明,La/Sn(摩尔比)为0.03,热处理温度为450℃下制备的La掺杂SnO2/Ti电极对邻硝基苯酚的降解效果最好.当电流密度为20 mA/cm2,电极距离为2 cm,溶液初始pH为6～7时,电解180 min后的邻硝基苯酚的降解率可达95.1%.利用液相色谱和离子色谱检测了邻硝基苯酚电解产物,并初步分析了邻硝基苯酚的降解途径.     

活性炭纤维吸附废水中对硝基苯酚及其脱附研究

采用新型高效吸附剂--活性炭纤维吸附废水中对硝基苯酚,对其吸附和脱附影响因素进行了较详细的研究,确定了最佳工艺参数,并对动态吸附-脱附进行了稳定性实验.在最佳的吸附条件下,装填4 g活性炭纤维可处理含对硝基苯酚1000 mg/L的废水1400 mL,出水对硝基苯酚浓度＜2 mg/L,达到国家综合污水一级排放标准,活性炭纤维有效吸附量可达349.87 mg/g.在最佳脱附条件下,脱附率＞99%,并可从高浓度脱附液中回收对硝基苯酚.稳定性实验表明,吸附-脱附性能稳定,采用活性炭纤维吸附处理对硝基苯酚废水是一种行之有效的处理方法.     

等浓度配比法研究苯酚、硝基苯和间硝基苯胺对发光菌的联合毒性作用

分别测定了苯酚、硝基苯和间硝基苯胺对发光菌的单一毒性,以及等浓度配比和等毒性配比的二元及三元混合体系的联合毒性,采用相加指数法对其联合效应进行了评价。结果表明,等浓度比和等毒性比混合体系的联合作用结果一致:苯酚+间硝基苯胺二元体系为协同作用,其他各体系为相加作用。为简化联合毒性实验方法,建议在研究相关系列化合物的联合毒性作用机制中,可采用等浓度配比方法。     

活性炭纤维吸附废水中对硝基苯酚及其脱附研究

采用新型高效吸附剂——活性炭纤维吸附废水中对硝基苯酚，对其吸附和脱附影响因素进行了较详细的研究，确定了最佳工艺参数，并对动态吸附一脱附进行了稳定性实验。在最佳的吸附条件下，装填4g活性炭纤维可处理含对硝基苯酚1000mg/L的废水1400mL，出水对硝基苯酚浓度〈2mg／L，达到国家综合污水一级排放标准，活性炭纤维有效吸附量可达349．87mg／g。在最佳脱附条件下，脱附率〉99％，并可从高浓度脱附液中回收对硝基苯酚。稳定性实验表明，吸附-脱附性能稳定，采用活性炭纤维吸附处理对硝基苯酚废水是一种行之有效的处理方法。     

Cu2O光催化降解水中对硝基苯酚的研究

用CuCl水解法制备Cu2O粉末,用透射电镜(TEM)和X衍射(XRD)对Cu2O粒子进行了表征.在仿太阳光源的照射下,研究了Cu2O对水中难降解有机污染物对硝基苯酚的光催化降解效果.结果表明,在8 h内,对硝基苯酚几乎完全降解.在催化剂用量为0.2 g时,对浓度为22.4 mg/L的200mL对硝基苯酚溶液有良好的降解效果.降解反应符合一级反应动力学.     

等浓度配比法研究苯酚、硝基苯和问硝基苯胺对发光菌的联合毒性作用

分别测定了苯酚、硝基苯和间硝基苯胺对发光菌的单一毒性，以及等浓度配比和等毒性配比的二元及三元混合体系的联合毒性，采用相加指数法对其联合效应进行了评价。结果表明，等浓度比和等毒性比混合体系的联合作用结果一致：苯酚＋间硝基苯胺二元体系为协同作用，其他各体系为相加作用。为简化联合毒性实验方法，建议在研究相关系列化合物的联合毒性作用机制中，可采用等浓度配比方法。     

磁强化次氯酸钠氧化法处理邻硝基苯酚废水的实验研究

利用磁强化次氯酸钠氧化法对邻硝基苯酚废水进行了处理实验研究。结果表明,对于质量浓度为250mg／L、CODCr为2000mg／L、色度为150倍的100mL邻硝基苯酚废水,当次氯酸钠（2．5％）用量8mL、颗粒活性炭用量200mg、溶液pH为6．0、反应时间5min时,邻硝基苯酚的去除率达94．4％,CODCr的去除率达94．2％,色度的去除率达100％。采用外加磁场,当磁场强度为60mT时,邻硝基苯酚和CODCr达到相同的去除率,反应时间缩短了3min,显著提高了反应效率。同时对磁强化氧化法的机理进行了理论上的分析。     

Effect of copper on the adsorption of p-nitrophenol onto soils

The effect of copper on adsorption of p-nitrophenol on two typical Chinese soils was investigated using a batch-equilibration method. Adsorption experiments were carried out when both copper and p-nitrophenol were adsorbed simultaneously, and when copper was previously adsorbed on soils. It was observed that adsorption of p-nitrophenol decreased with increasing copper concentrations thereby indicating a competition between copper and p-nitrophenol for occupying the adsorption sites on soils. Moisture increased the hydrated sphere and the acidity of water surrounding the cation, which further reduced the adsorption of p-nitrophenol. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study provided the direct evidence for the coordination of p-nitrophenol sorbed by soils with metal cation in n-hexane system. It was observed that the perturbations included a red shift of the nu(asym) (NO) band, a concomitant blue-shift of the nu(sym) (NO) band and a blue-shift of C-N band when compared with the infrared spectra obtained from water solution.     

硝基苯酚类的快速吸附与降解

以对硝基苯酚(PNP)和邻硝基苯酚(ONP)为主要研究对象,采用粉末活性炭和Fenton试剂快速吸附与降解PNP和ONP溶液,使其浓度降至生活饮用水准许浓度(分别为0.02 mg/L和0.06 mg/L)以下,并比较2种物质的处理效果,为硝基苯酚的水体污染治理和废水处理中的深度降解提供依据。结果表明,用粉末活性炭吸附浓度为1 mg/L和4 mg/L的PNP溶液60 min后,浓度低于0.02 mg/L,长时间跟踪监测,污染物浓度仍控制在0.02 mg/L以下,在pH<6时,粉末活性炭吸附PNP的效果较好;用Fenton试剂处理浓度为10 mg/L的PNP溶液70 min后,可完全降解PNP。粉末活性炭吸附12 mg/L的ONP溶液时,效率高于吸附PNP;Fenton试剂处理浓度为12 mg/L的ONP时,与PNP的处理效果相当。     

Fate of parathion in artificially fortified grape juice processed into wine

"Semellon" grape juice fortified with a high level of 25 ppm parathion was fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus. After 12 days inte parathion levels in the wine and lees were 10.3 and 156 ppm, respectively; the paraoxon, aminoparathion, and p-nitrophenol levels in the wine were 0.16, 0.20, and 4.5 ppm, respectively, and in the lees were 0.04, 3.1 and 10 ppm, respectively. Thus, hydrolysis of parathion to p-nitrophenol and parathion sorption to sedimented particulate matter were important pathways for parathion residue reduction in the wine. The 56-day-old finished wine just prior to bottling contained 8.8 ppm parathion, 0.04 ppm paraoxon, 0.21 ppm aminoparathion, and 3.0 ppm p-nitrophenol. Two months storage at 24 degrees, 12 degrees, 4 degrees, and -20 degrees C had no effect on paraoxon and aminoparathion residue levels in the wine; parathion residues in wine decreased at all storage temperatures.     

Glutathione as a matrix for the synthesis of CdS nanocrystallites

GSH-capped CdS nanocrystallites were synthesized by reacting Cd(II)-GSH with aqueous sodium sulfide using specific initial sulfide/Cd(II) ratios. Spectroscopic analyses of fractions obtained from a size exclusion column showed varying absorption spectra indicating a significant dispersion in size-distribution of nanocrystallites at lower sulfide/Cd(II) ratios. However, size distribution of the nanocrystallites was narrower at initial sulfide/Cd(II) ratios that exceeded 1.0. An ethanol precipitation procedure was used to remove free Cd(II)-GSH complexes and selectively isolate GSH-capped nanocrystallites in a very narrow size range. Size exclusion chromatography indicated similar chemical compositions and overlapping spectral profiles of ethanol-precipitated samples suggesting apparent uniformity in both the size and the cap content. All of the GSH-capped CdS nanocrystallites with varying cap contents degraded p-nitrophenol upon irradiation at 366 nm. However, photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol was significantly higher in samples with higher sulfide/Cd ratio and less capping material. The addition of H2O2 enhanced levels of photo-oxidation of p-nitrophenol.     

Photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol using biologically synthesized ZnO nanoparticles

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The present work deals with the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol as it is a United States Environmental Protection Agency-listed priority...     

Isolation of a selected microbial consortium capable of degrading methyl parathion and p-nitrophenol from a contaminated soil site

A bacterial consortium with the ability to degrade methyl parathion and p-nitrophenol, using these compounds as the only carbon source, was obtained by selective enrichment in a medium with methyl parathion. Samples were taken from Moravia, Medellin; an area that is highly contaminated, owing to the fact that it was used as a garbage dump from 1974 to 1982. Acinetobacter sp, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Citrobacter freundii, Stenotrophomonas sp, Flavobacterium sp, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas sp, Acinetobacter sp, Klebsiella sp and Proteus sp were the microorganisms identified within the consortium. In culture, the consortium was able to degrade 150 mg L?1 of methyl-parathion and p-nitrophenol in 120 h, but after adding glucose or peptone to the culture, the time of degradation decreased to 24 h. In soil, the consortium was also able to degrade 150 mg L?1 of methyl parathion in 120 h at different depths and also managed to decrease the toxicity.     

酚类化合物在2-羧基苯甲酰基修饰的超高交联树脂上的吸附

合成了一种用来吸附和去除水溶液中酚类化合物的 2 羧基苯甲酰基修饰的超高交联吸附树脂 (ZH 0 1) ,并从动力学和吸附容量角度比较了XAD 4、AM 1和ZH 0 1分别吸附浓度为 80 0mg/L苯酚的情况。实验结果表明 ,ZH 0 1吸附剂有利于吸附苯酚、对甲苯酚和对硝基苯酚之类的酚类化合物。动力学和热力学研究都得到了相同的结果 :ZH 0 1对苯酚和对甲苯酚吸附是化学吸附的过渡状态 ,而对对硝基苯酚的吸附是一种物理吸附过程 ,并且显示了ZH 0 1表面均孔特性。苯酚在ZH 0 1上的小柱吸附研究表明了吸附穿透容量和总吸附量分别为 2 .38mmol/g和 3.0 5mmol/g ,溶剂甲醇对吸附在ZH 0 1上苯酚的脱附效果较好。     

Comparative toxicity of some pesticides on human health and some aquatic species

Inhibition studies have been carried on the hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by cholinesterases taken from electric eel, human and horse serums by Sevin, Aldrin and Malathion. Three esters of p-nitrophenol have been used as substrates. The degree of inhibition has been used as a measure of the comparative toxicity of these pesticides on these cholinesterases.     

Studies on photochemistry of aromatic hydrocarbons V: Photochemical reaction of chlorobenzene with nitrogen oxides in air

The investigations on the photochemical reaction of chlorobenzene with nitrogen oxides in air were carried out using the reaction vessels made of Pyrex glass and quartz, respectively. The irradiation of chlorobenzene in the Pyrex glass vessel gave m-chloronitrobenzene, 2-chloro-6-nitrophenol, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol and 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol, while the irradiation of chlorobenzene in the quartz vessel resulted in m-chloronitrobenzene, p-nitrophenol, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol, 3-chloro-2-nitrophenol, 3-chloro-6-nitrophenol and 3-chloro-4-nitrophenol.The formation mechanism of these chloronitrophenols was considered using the theory of the nitro-nitrite rearrangement of chloronitrobenzenes.