上海老港生活垃圾填埋场陈垃圾的基本特性研究

对上海老港生活垃圾填埋场6年填埋龄和10年填埋龄陈垃圾的基本特征进行了测试研究，这些特性包括粒径分布，臭味、微生物数量、含水率、总磷、总氮、饱和水力渗透系数等。研究结果：上海老港生活垃圾填埋场中6年以上填埋龄陈垃圾已可以开采用使用；对其多种用途的开发主要限于陈垃圾中粒径小于15mm的细料部分；此细料是极为优良的污染物生物处理基质。     

生活垃圾填埋场垃圾腐殖质组成和变化规律的表征

通过分析上海老港生活垃圾填埋场填埋垃圾的腐殖质组成和光密度,考察了填埋垃圾的腐殖质组成和光学特性随填埋龄的变化规律.研究结果表明,填埋龄在1～14 a间的填埋垃圾中腐殖质组分的有机碳绝对含量的波动幅度很大,而腐殖质组分相对含量具有比较明显的变化规律,其中腐殖质总可提取率和wHA/wFA比值分别随填埋龄增加呈线性下降和上升的趋势.另一方面,填埋垃圾腐殖质光学特性研究表明,填埋垃圾可提取腐殖质和富里酸组分的E4/E6比值随填埋龄变化无明显关系,而胡敏酸的E4/E6比值则随填埋龄的增加呈线性下降趋势.因此,填埋垃圾腐殖质的总可提取率、wHA/wFA比值以及胡敏酸组分的E4/E6比值可有效地表征填埋垃圾和填埋场的稳定化进程.     

陈垃圾沉降分析方法及工程应用

已填垃圾的沉降分析是正确评估填埋场服务年限和合理确定填埋厚度的重要依据,根据陈垃圾的形成机制、沉降模型、计算方法以及及有关参数,并结合工程实例对填埋过程中的垃圾沉降发展过程进行了研究,确定了陈垃圾土的沉降特性。     

非正规垃圾填埋场矿化垃圾的综合利用分析

本文以上庄非正规垃圾填埋场为例,对填埋年限10年以上的非正规垃圾填埋场垃圾的综合利用进行分析。经过10余年的降解,垃圾已相对稳定,称为矿化垃圾,其成分以类腐殖质土壤为主,根据其物化性质,可用作填埋场日覆盖土;经晾晒后可用作营养土。矿化垃圾中的塑料、橡胶、玻璃、建筑垃圾等均可回收利用,实现垃圾的减容减量和资源化,这对于北京市非正规垃圾填埋场的治理具有重要的指导意义。     

长春市简易垃圾填埋场中垃圾特性研究

从长春市一个封场垃圾填埋场中系统采集了不同填埋年龄(8~12年和25~30年)和不同位置(上层和下层)的垃圾样品,并对其基本特性进行了分析。结果发现,填埋垃圾总体呈弱碱性,含水率随填埋时间的增加而减小,上层垃圾含水率低于下层垃圾;从垃圾组成、有机质和生物可降解物(BDM)来看,8~12年的填埋垃圾仍处于不稳定状态,而25~30年的垃圾基本达到稳定化,但上层和下层垃圾的降解程度无明显区别。这表明传统填埋场中垃圾稳定化至少需要几十年的时间。因此开发能够加速垃圾稳定性填埋场的生物反应器修复技术具有重要意义,填埋垃圾的特性分析则为工程设计提供了必要的基础数据。     

城市垃圾填埋场覆膜内的甲烷及恶臭物质特征研究

卫生填埋是常用的固体废弃物处置方法。部分填埋场对已经封场和暂时不填埋垃圾的区域覆盖高密度聚乙烯膜(HDPE),便于雨水分流、减少垃圾渗滤液产生量。通过在华北地区某城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场设置采样点,监测分析了HDPE覆膜内积聚的甲烷及恶臭物质的浓度和成分,研究在不同季节、填埋时间产生的甲烷及恶臭物质特征。结果表明:填埋场覆膜内甲烷的平均浓度为15.6%;硫化物、胺类以及恶臭浓度分别为153.9 mg/m3,16.0 mg/m3以及4 322 OU。主要的恶臭物质为硫化氢和氨。总挥发性有机物的浓度为0~147.2 mg/m3,苯系物、烷烃和烯烃是挥发性有机物的主要成分。恶臭浓度与硫化物、胺类浓度具有明显的相关性。环境温度、垃圾填埋龄和填埋量对甲烷及恶臭物质的产生与释放有明显影响。夏季甲烷及恶臭浓度分别达到81.2%和20 943 OU,明显高于其他季节。随着垃圾填埋龄和填埋量的增加,恶臭物质的浓度和成分均发生显著变化。     

垃圾龄对填埋场好氧修复供氧和加速稳定化效果的影响

填埋场好氧处理是一种有效的填埋场修复手段。采用模拟填埋反应器,搭配水气联合控制系统,探讨不同填埋龄垃圾好氧稳定化过程最佳氧气控制范围和污染物去除情况。结果表明新鲜垃圾和填埋龄分别为1,3,7年的垃圾最佳氧浓度调控范围分别为11%~14%、8%~14%、7%~15%和6%~17%。垃圾耗氧速率随填埋龄增加而降低。经过180~220 d的好氧处理,新鲜垃圾渗滤液BOD5和COD去除率均达到92%以上;而老龄垃圾渗滤液COD降解慢。处理后期各反应器ρ(BOD_5)/ρ(COD)<0.1,垃圾基本稳定。     

陈垃圾特性分析及其适应性评价

对深圳市盐田区垃圾场处置工程陈垃圾特性进行了分析，结果表明，场内陈垃圾已基本腐熟，相对附近农田土壤，陈垃圾中的营养物质较高，接近但尚未完全达到农用垃圾肥标准，且铅含量超标２～３倍，不宜进入食物链。但陈垃圾可用作市区绿化地带、公园、苗圃、林业等处的有机肥和垃圾填埋场封场工程的表层营养上。     

不同填埋龄垃圾生物反应器反硝化性能研究

在渗滤液回灌基础上,结合垃圾堆体本身为厌氧环境的特性,开发出的生物反应器垃圾堆体渗滤液原位脱氮技术已成为目前的研究热点。文章以从杭州市固体废弃物处理有限公司天子岭填埋场采集的不同填埋龄垃圾为试材,利用系列自制生活垃圾生物反应器模拟装置,通过回灌硝酸盐溶液,探讨了不同填埋龄垃圾在碳源充足情况下的反硝化性能特征。结果表明当垃圾堆体自身降解的有机物量充足时,1~12 a垃圾的反硝化性能均较强,且差异不大;所有反应器在最初的1 h内硝酸盐去除率最高,达70%~92%。这说明开发生物反应器垃圾堆体渗滤液原位脱氮技术具有一定的现实可行性。     

垃圾填埋场细菌种群空间分布及组成多样性研究

采用PCR-DGGE技术对垃圾填埋场细菌种群垂直分布及组成多样性进行了研究．结果表明：垃圾填埋场细菌种群组成波动较大,某些种群对环境因子的变化十分敏感．在填埋年龄已达3a的取样点,细菌种群的多样性随着垃圾填埋深度的增加而呈现“多—少—多”的变化趋势。各种群间相对密度也呈现由不均一到均一的变化规律,部分层次优势种和非优势种发生较大变化．填埋深度4．0m至6．25m左右的区域是填埋场微生物区系组成发生变化的过渡区,该区域细菌种群的多样性较小,亲缘关系相差比较大的种交叉在一起,具有明显的过渡特征．从时间因素来看,填埋场同层次微生物群落组成随时间延长,种群构成趋于稳定．表层垃圾1～2a内,细菌种群处于交替更叠的阶段,日趋发育成熟．8．25m以下层次的细菌种群主要受填埋深度影响,与填埋时间关系较小。     

Absorption of phosphorus from wastewater by aged refuse excavated from municipal solid waste landfill

Municipal solid waste(refuse) landfill stabilizes as the refuse degrades. After years of biodegradation, the refuse in the landfill ecomes stabilized and aged, which may vary with the local climate, humidity, and composition of refuse placed. In this work, it is found hat the refuse with an age of over 8 years at Shanghai Refuse Landfill has been significantly stabilized and sufficiently aged and is thus uitable for excavation. The 8-year old aged refuse is mechanically screened, and the fine fractions of refuse(aged refuse) with a diameter ess than 2 cm are then used as a biological absorbent for removal of both inorganic and organic phosphorus in livestock wastewater and repared aqueous solution. It is proved that the aged refuse is very effective for the quantitative removal of both types of phosphorus. The bsorption mechanism is proposed. It is considered that phosphorus is firstly absorbed onto the surface of the aged refuse and then used s a substrate for the growth of microorganisms which ultimately leave the aged refuse as sludge.     

Excavation and characterization of refuse in closed landfill

Refuse in landfills becomes stabilized as organic matter in refuse degrades and soluble inorganic substances dissolve during their longterm stabilization process.In this paper,this process is also referred to as mineralization process and the resultant stabilized refuse referred to as aged refuse.Aged refuse contains a wide spectrum and huge quantity of microorganisms with strong decomposition capability for refractory organic matter present in some wastewater such as leachate.In this study,aged refuse excavated from 2 to 10 years old closed landfill compartments in Shanghai Refuse Landfill is characterized in terms of particulate distribution by screening,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,biodegradable matter.The approaches for redevelopment of both land and aged refuse in the stabilized landfills are proposed.     

Methanotrophic community structure of aged refuse and its capability for methane bio-oxidation

Aged refuse from waste landfills closed for eight years was examined and found to contain rich methanotrophs capable of biooxidation for methane. Specially, community structure and methane oxidation capability of methanotrophs in the aged refuse were studied. The amount of methanotrophs ranged 61.97 103–632.91 103 cells/g (in dry basis) in aged refuse from Shanghai Laogang Landfill. Type I and II methanotrophs were found in the aged refuse in the presence of sterilized sewage sludge and only Type I methanotrophs were detected in the presence of nitrate minimal salt medium (NMS). The clone sequences of the pmoA gene obtained from the aged refuse were similar to the pmoA gene of Methylobacter, Methylocaldum, and Methylocystis, and two clones were distinct with known genera of Type I methanotrophs according to phylogenetic analysis. Aged refuse enriched with NMS was used for methane biological oxidation and over 93% conversions were obtained.     

非正规填埋场矿化垃圾理化性质与资源化利用研究

为探索非正规垃圾填埋场矿化垃圾资源化利用问题,以广东省东莞市常平镇桥沥垃圾填埋场矿化垃圾为例,多点采集样品经人工分拣和不同粒径段筛分后,对其物理组成和化学性质进行了分析.结果表明:矿化垃圾中腐殖土主要在40mm粒径段以下,占47.3%,塑料、织物及木竹等可燃轻质垃圾主要在大于80mm粒径段,占40.1%;工程筛分粒径可选40mm,筛上物主要为可燃物,筛下物主要为腐殖土;按照有机肥堆肥腐熟标准,筛下物腐殖土基本可达到腐熟,营养物质含量达到《城市生活垃圾农用标准》(GB8172-1987)要求,但部分重金属含量超标;矿化垃圾经筛分后的轻质垃圾,热值约为6000kJ/kg,可直接进行焚烧处理,将其制备成垃圾衍生燃料(RDF)后,热值可达10000~24000kJ/kg.     

Leachate treatment using a demonstration aged refuse biofilter

Approximately 7000 m3 of aged refuse (AR) with a placement of over eight years was excavated from Shanghai Refuse Landfill, the largest landfill in China, and used for the construction of a two-stage bioreactor (AR biofilter) media for the biological treatment of 100 m3 of refuse landfill leachate. It was found that over 64% of COD, 96.9%–99.8% of NH4 +-N, and 95.8%–99.8% of BOD5 could be removed by the AR biofilter, when the leachate with initial COD, BOD5, and NH4 +-N concentrations were 986–4128 mg/L, 264–959 mg/L, and 538–1583 mg/L, respectively. The corresponding concentrations in the e uent were reduced to below 300–400 mg/L, 2–12 mg/L, and 10–20 mg/L, respectively. The e uent was clear and pale yellow with suspended solid below 150 mg/L and color below 150 Pt/Co degree. Meanwhile, the total nitrogen removal was only 49%–63%, indicating a relative poor denitrification capacity of AR biofilter. The e uent pH was neutral and the population of Escherichia coli was less than 10??1 CFU/mL. Hence, it was considered that the demonstration project can work well for the e ective treatment of leachate.     

Three-stage aged refuse biofilter for the treatment of landfill leachate

A field-scale aged refuse(AR) biofilter constructed in Shanghai Refuse Landfill,containing about 7000 m3 aged refuse inside,was evaluated for its performance in the treatment of landfill leachate. This AR biofilter can be divided into three stages and can manage 50 m3 landfill leachate per day. The physical,chemical,and biological characteristics of AR were analyzed for evaluating the AR biofilter as leachate treatment host. The results revealed that over 87.8%-96.2% of COD and 96.9%-99.4% of ammonia nitrog...     

城市生活垃圾渗滤液处理技术的研究

垃圾填埋过程中产生的成份复杂、高浓度的垃圾渗滤液,如果不加处理而直接排放,就会对大气,水体及土壤造成严重的污染,对人体健康造成严重危害.因此,寻求一种高效经济的垃圾渗滤液处理技术显得尤为重要.为此阐述了城市生活垃圾渗滤液的处理技术:生物处理法,物理化学法和其他方法.其中,生物处理法包括:好氧生物处理,厌氧生物处理,厌氧-好氧生物处理法;物理化学法包括:Fenton法,电解氧化法,光催化氧化法和等离子体处理技术;其他方法包括:土地处理法,回灌法和有效微生物(EM)法.     

南宁城市生活垃圾处理的二次污染防治

南宁市主要以堆肥和填埋方式处理生活垃圾，由于二次污染而对外界环境造成影响，应尺快实现堆肥，焚烧，填埋有机融合的“三合一”生活垃圾综合处理工程，逐步实现生活垃圾处理无害化，减变化，资源化的目标。