李干杰副部长在全国农村环境保护暨生态建设示范工作现场会上的总结讲话

全国农村环境保护暨生态建设示范工作现场会就要结束了。两天半会议期间,大家听取了周生贤部长的重要讲话,对浙江省宁波市农村环境综合整治和生态示范建设情况进行了实地考察,交流了各自的经验和做法,提出了建设性的意见和建议。大家认为,这次会议学习了经验,领会了精神,受到了鼓舞,增强了信心,明确了方向,强化了责任。在大家的共同努力下,会议达到预期目的,取得圆满成功。     

HSE作业指导书在采油队的应用

为了进一步提高HSE管理水平,切实加强采油队在施工中的风险管理,我们在采油队推行了HSE作业指导书,实施以来,增强了职工的HSE意识,规范了HSE管理,有效地防范了作业风险,取得了良好效果.     

浅析电子政务信息的定位及实践

2006年起,广西壮族自治区地震局把做好政务信息工作摆上了重要议事日程,安排了专人负责,落实了措施,落实了专项经费,政务信息工作发生了质的飞跃.特别是信息管理员制度和激励机制从根本上改观了政务信息往日的面貌.本文介绍了广西壮族自治区地震局电子政务信息工作在事业发展中的定位、主要做法、成效和经验,意在抛砖引玉,加强学习和交流.     

张力军副局长在全国河流污染防治工作会议上的总结讲话

全国河流污染防治工作会议就要结束了。虽然只安排了一天的会议,但同志们都反映收获很大。环保总局周生贤局长出席会议并发表了重要讲话,传达了十七大会议精神,提出了新时期环保工作新要求,充分论述了“让河流休养生息”的重要意义,     

基于FTA法的潜射武器通道可靠性分析

应用故障树分析法,对潜射武器通道可靠性进行了分析,建立了该系统的故障树,并在此基础上计算了武器通道的可靠性参数.讨论了部件的概率重要度和关键重要度,结合所建的故障树给出了相应的结果.通过重要度分析,找到了提高系统可靠性的途径.     

清洁生产在加氢裂化装置的推广

介绍了中国石化扬子石化有限公司芳烃厂加氢裂化车间清洁生产管理体制、环境管理目标及环境管理措施.通过持续推进清洁生产,提高了职工对于环境保护的认识,减少了装置污染物排放,降低了能耗物耗,提高了经济效益,并强化了车间的生产管理.     

墨江县通关镇卡房村环境综合整治研究

分析了我国农村环境污染问题及成因,总结了墨江农村环境整治现状。深入调查了卡房村污染状况,核算了污染负荷,摸清了污染原因,提出了对其进行农村综合整治的思路和措施,并进行了效益分析。     

污染整治有哪些经验可寻?

富阳市开展造纸行业环境污染整治改善了城市环境质量,提升了群众环境生活品质,给企业带来了更大的发展空间,推动了社会经济的全面发展.     

基于粗糙集的有机涂层腐蚀损伤综合评定模型

运用粗糙集理论对评定涂层腐蚀损伤的9个单项指标进行了约简,消除了冗余信息,提高了评定效率,并依据粗糙集的属性重要性确定了相应评定指标的权重,消除了传统方法计算权重的主观性,增强了综合评定结果的可靠性,最终建立了有机涂层腐蚀损伤综合评定模型。通过对不同防护涂层的飞机典型结构试验件加速腐蚀试验的结果分析,验证了模型的可行性,并定量得到了不同涂层腐蚀损伤的综合评定等级。     

曲靖市环境噪声达标规划

对曲靖市城区进行了环境噪声功能区划分;分析了曲靖市噪声污染现状和趋势、噪声污染原因,对噪声污染结果进行了预测;分析了环境噪声达标规划,提出了噪声污染控制方案。     

刁江水体多相介质中As,Zn和Pb的空间和季

调查了广西刁江河水中As,Zn和Pb的溶解态、悬浮颗粒态分布情况及季节变化,以及3种重金属在不同粒级沉积物中的分布情况. 结果表明:刁江流域河水与沉积物中3种重金属污染在流域尺度上的分布存在差异,沉积物污染更为严重. 与土壤污染一致,沉积物中3种重金属的污染范围扩散延伸到距离污染源近200 km的下游区域,其中车河矿区对As污染的贡献率明显高于大厂矿区,而对Pb污染的贡献率明显小于大厂矿区;不同重金属在水体中的赋存形态存在差异,河水中悬浮颗粒态Pb所占比例远高于As和Zn,这与3种重金属矿物的稳定性以及在不同粒级沉积物中的富集特征有关;河水中重金属的赋存形态存在季节差别,丰水期悬浮颗粒态重金属所占比例明显高于枯水期.      

Number concentration and size distributions of submicron particles in Jinan urban area： Characteristics in summer and winter

The aerosol number concentration and size distribution were measured with the newly developed Wide-range Particle Spectrometer in summer and winter of 2006 at the urban site of Jinan City.Here reported the characteristics of fine particles of the different observation seasons.Relative high number concentrations for the particles in the diameter range of 10-500 nm were observed in both seasons.It was found that the dominant number distributed in particle diameter smaller than 100 nm and the percentage over the number concentration of all air particles is much higher than what has been measured in other urban sites over the world.The number mean diameter in summer was much smaller than in winter,strongly suggesting the different origin of ultrafine particles in different seasons.That is, particles in ultrafine mode mainly came from nucleation and new particle formation in summer while from traffic emission in winter. The diurnal variation also supported this point.Number concentration in the diameter range of 10-200 nm got their peak values at noontime,well correlated with the mixing ratio of SO_2 and the intensity of solar radiation in summer.While in winter,those in the same diameter range showed the main peaks during the traffic hours happened in the morning and evening.     

胶州湾水体重金属HgⅠ.分布和迁移

根据1979年5月,8月,11月胶州湾水域调查资料,并且与近几十年来的调查资料进行对比分析,探讨和研究胶州湾重金属Hg的平面分布、垂直分布、季节分布以及发展趋势.结果表明:胶州湾东北部海域春季污染较为严重,西南部的污染程度相对较轻;春季和夏季的表层含量大于底层含量,秋季时底层含量高于表层含量;而且春季Hg污染较为严重,秋季水质状况最好.从历史资料来看,1979年到1982年,Hg污染在加剧;1982年到1997年,从污染严重到缓和,在1997年就达到了一类水质的要求;1997年到1999年,水质更加清洁.     

基于降水Z指数的朝鲜降水及旱涝时空特征

利用TRMM（Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission,TRMM）3B43月降水数据,并结合降水Z指数,研究朝鲜1998—2018年的降水和旱涝时空格局。结果表明：TRMM与站点观测降水数据有显著的相关性。朝鲜降水季节性特征明显,57.29%的降水集中在夏季,空间上自东北部沿海岸线向东南递增。朝鲜的区域综合旱涝等级基本处于正常状态,偏旱和偏涝发生的频率最高,其次是大旱和大涝,极旱和极涝发生的频率最低,夏季和冬季干旱发生最为频繁,而洪涝在秋季频发。朝鲜北部发生旱涝事件的频率明显高于南部,咸镜山脉和盖马高原是旱涝的多发地区,温泉平原则最不易受到旱涝影响。春季、夏季和秋季均呈现洪涝强度增强的趋势。夏季洪涝强度加剧的趋势明显,中北部地区通过95%的显著性检验。     

Distribution of mercury in different environmental compartments in the aquatic ecosystem of the coastal zone of the Southern Baltic Sea

The aim of this study was to characterize mercury (Hg) contamination in the coastal waters of the Southern Baltic Sea, and to investigate transformations of Hg in the initial links of the marine food chain. Concentrations of Hg in water, particulate matter, plankton and macrophytes at various stations in the coastal zone (a bay with restricted water exchange, near an industrial city, river mouths, and the open sea) were measured in 2006–2008. Hg concentrations observed in the Southern Baltic varied greatly, showing the highest average values in all environmental compartments near the river mouths. In shallow, sheltered parts of the gulf, where water exchange is restricted, Hg concentrations in the water and in macrophytes were elevated relative to those in the coastal zone of the deeper part of the bay and in the open Baltic. Distance to the river mouth, terrestrial runoff, and quantity and quality of organic matter were more important than seasonal variations in controlling Hg and HgSPM concentrations in water samples. Mercury concentrations in the surface microlayer at the air/sea interface were over 10 times higher than those in the bulk surface water. Concentrations of Hg in macrophytes in the winter were significantly higher than those in the warm seasons (spring, summer, autumn). This was probably the combined effect of higher availability of Hg in porewaters and leaf growth inhibition.     

世界三大黑土区水土流失与防治比较分析

论文首先明晰了黑土及黑土区的概念与范围界定,将中国东北黑土区分为典型黑土区与黑土区两个层次。在此基础上对世界三大黑土区在成土条件,开发利用过程、水土流失及水土流失防治模式方面进行了对比分析。通过比较分析认为:在自然条件上虽然三大黑土区具有一定的相似性,但我国东北黑土区由于地势起伏相对较大,更易遭受水土流失的危害;国外两大黑土区大规模的开发利用比我国黑土区相对早一些,大规模的农业开垦与不合理的耕作方式是世界三大黑土区水土流失与土地退化的主要原因;国外两大黑土区主要以风蚀为主,我国东北黑土区则是以水蚀为主,但风蚀面积也较大;国外两大黑土区在耕作制度、土地使用政策、水土保持资金投入、水土保持宣传教育及科学试验等方面已经采取了相对有效的措施,我国在这些方面还相对滞后。通过对国外黑土区水土流失治理的借鉴与思考,提出了我国东北黑土区在水土流失防治方面亟待解决的几个问题。     

马来眼子菜群丛对太湖不同湖区沉积物磷形态的影响

采用磷分级提取的方法对太湖贡湖湾、南部湖区马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)群落内外的沉积物样品进行了采集和分析,调查了沉积物中的不同形态磷的垂直分布状况,研究马来眼子菜群落对沉积物磷迁移转化的影响.结果表明:植物群丛对沉积物铁铝磷(Fe/Al-P)的影响在贡湖湾和南太湖表现不同.贡湖湾马来眼子菜群丛内部沉积物Fe/Al-P高于群落外部的27.6%,差异性显著(P<0.05);南太湖马来眼子菜群丛内部沉积物中Fe/Al-P均值低于群丛外部的47.4%,差异性显著(P<0.05).植物群丛对沉积物有机磷(OP)的影响在贡湖湾和南太湖表现相似,两湖区植物群丛外部沉积物中OP含量均值高于群落内部.马来眼子菜群丛对贡湖湾和南太湖沉积物中Ca-P有较明显的影响,植物的影响主要体现在表层0~15cm范围内,贡湖湾湖区沉积物Fe/Al-P和OP含量较高,在植物的影响下转化为Ca-P,因此Ca-P在表层沉积物中呈上升趋势;南太湖沉积物中Ca-P含量较高,在植物影响下Ca-P有一定量的释放,因此Ca-P在表层沉积物中呈下降趋势.     

再生水—土壤—蔬菜体系中Zn的迁移

2011~2013年通过小区试验种植小白菜和萝卜,以再生水灌溉和污泥施肥,采用修正的BCR法测定了再生水、污泥、土壤、蔬菜中Zn的5种形态含量,分析Zn在再生水(污泥)-土壤-蔬菜体系中的迁移和累积特征。结果表明:2011~2013年水样中Zn含量均未超出国家《农田灌溉水质标准(GB5084—2005)》中Zn的标准。水样中水溶态B0比例较大。污泥中B0含量极少,残渣态B4含量较高。土壤中Zn的本底含量较少,经过3年的蔬菜种植和灌溉,土壤中Zn含量有增高的趋势。蔬菜中5种形态均有分布,地上部分中水溶态B0和可氧化态B3含量较高,地下部分中残渣态B4含量也较高。小白菜中Zn的含量高于萝卜。灌溉水中B0的含量对Zn在土壤和蔬菜中的迁移产生了较大影响。适当的再生水灌溉和污泥施肥可以改善土壤的缺Zn状况。     

Distribution of mercury in di erent environmental compartments in the aquatic ecosystem of the coastal zone of the Southern Baltic Sea

The aim of this study was to characterize mercury (Hg) contamination in the coastal waters of the Southern Baltic Sea, and to investigate transformations of Hg in the initial links of the marine food chain. Concentrations of Hg in water, particulate matter, plankton and macrophytes at various stations in the coastal zone (a bay with restricted water exchange, near an industrial city, river mouths, and the open sea) were measured in 2006–2008. Hg concentrations observed in the Southern Baltic varied greatly, showing the highest average values in all environmental compartments near the river mouths. In shallow, sheltered parts of the gulf, where water exchange is restricted, Hg concentrations in the water and in macrophytes were elevated relative to those in the coastal zone of the deeper part of the bay and in the open Baltic. Distance to the river mouth, terrestrial runo , and quantity and quality of organic matter were more important than seasonal variations in controlling Hg and HgSPM concentrations in water samples. Mercury concentrations in the surface microlayer at the air/sea interface were over 10 times higher than those in the bulk surface water. Concentrations of Hg in macrophytes in the winter were significantly higher than those in the warm seasons (spring, summer, autumn). This was probably the combined e ect of higher availability of Hg in porewaters and leaf growth inhibition.     

福州城郊冬夏两季大气中HCHs和DDTs分布特征

2010年冬、夏两季,利用大流量采样器采集了福州市大气样品,并用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-mECD)分析其中六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(DDTs)残留水平、分布特征及来源.结果表明,大气ΣHCHs浓度范围为28.04~413.0 pg/m3,总体而言,城区高于郊区,夏季高于冬季,气相高于颗粒相;气相中HCHs浓度夏季高于冬季,颗粒相中则相反;夏季气相中HCHs浓度显著高于颗粒相,而冬季气相与颗粒相中HCHs浓度基本相当.4种HCHs异构体中,气相与颗粒相中均是δ-HCH相对含量最高.大气ΣDDTs浓度范围为146.5~897.8 pg/m3,总体而言,郊区高于城区,冬季高于夏季,颗粒相高于气相;气相中DDTs浓度夏季高于冬季,颗粒相中则相反;冬季颗粒相中DDTs浓度显著高于气相,而夏季颗粒相与气相中DDTs浓度无显著差异.4种DDTs异构体/同系物中,气相中o,p′-DDT的相对含量最高,颗粒相中o,p′-DDT和p,p′-DDT相对含量较高.来源解析表明,福州城郊大气中HCHs非历史污染,存在林丹的使用或输入;大气中可能存在DDTs输入,并可能有大量三氯杀螨醇的输入.