中国与南非金属非金属矿山安全标准化标准比对分析及启示

近年来,我国矿难不断,人民生命财产受到了巨大的损失,而造成这些矿难的一个主要原因是矿山安全标准化工作存在疏漏。安全标准化的建设是夯实企业安全基础、强化企业安全管理、提升企业本质安全水平的强有力措施。通过分析我国与南非金属非金属矿山安全标准化标准的现状,从金属非金属矿山安全标准化的创建到围绕矿山安全标准化展开的14个核心要素,进行了全面的比对,并在比对的基础上,对其中存在较大差异的指标进行分析。总结了我国与南非矿山安全标准化之间的异同,指出了我国金属非金属矿山安全标准化标准存在的缺点和不足。基于具体技术指标比对分析以及对安全标准化缺点和不足的分析,对我国非煤矿山安全标准化发展提出参考意,借以希望为我国非煤矿山安全标准化标准的修订工作提供了一定的参考和帮助。     

金属非金属矿山安全生产标准化建设历程与工作现状探究

梳理金属非金属矿山安全生产标准化建设10余年不断发展和改进的三个阶段的政策脉络,整理和分析了现阶段的标准化规范体系、工作体系和实施情况,提出了标准化建设中存在的深层次问题和改进措施,为全面深入探究金属非金属矿山安全生产标准化建设提供了有益的参考。     

国家安全监管总局公布25项安全生产行业标准

正2016年8月29日,国家安全生产监督管理总局批准以下25项安全生产行业标准(国家安全生产监督管理总局2016年第3号公告),自2017年3月1日起施行。AQ/T2050.1-2016金属非金属矿山安全标准化规范导则代替AQ2007.1-2006;AQ/T2050.2-2016金属非金属矿山安全标准化规范地下矿山实施指南代替AQ2007.2-2006;AQ/T2050.3-2016金属非金属矿山安全标准化规范露天矿山实施指南代替AQ2007.3-2006;AQ/T2050.4-2016金属非金属矿山安全标准化规范     

地下矿山安全监测与信息化技术

论述了金属非金属矿山的安全生产现状,矿山地质灾害种类和矿山安全信息化技术,指出信息化技术的应用是解决矿山安全问题的一个重要途径.     

基于信息融合的矿山安全标准化执行系统研究

为使企业能更有效地利用信息工具提高安全标准化管理水平,基于安全标准化管理理念和矿山安全标准化考评的信息融合分析,借鉴生产执行系统（Manufacturing Execution System,MES）的功能定位,提出建设金属非金属矿山安全标准化执行系统。分析了金属非金属矿山安全标准化规范文件对管理系统平台的需求,研究了金属非金属矿山安全标准化执行系统的系统定位、建设原则以及运行过程,并为提高系统的信息资源整合能力,对多源信息环境下的信息融合子系统进行了研究,提出了信息融合子系统的系统结构与功能,举例说明了集成融合推理的工作原理。     

金属非金属矿山企业安全生产标准化建设

<正>自2010年,国务院印发了《关于进一步加强企业安全生产工作的通知》(国发[2010]23号),要求高危行业全面开展安全生产标准化创建达标工作,深入开展以岗位达标、专业达标和企业达标为内容的安全生产标准化建设工作以来,大部分金属非金属矿山企业都陆续开展了安全生产标准化建设工作。但笔者通过对一些金属非金属矿山企业安全生产标准化建设调研后发现,在     

金属非金属矿山安全标准化核心思想和理论基础探讨

通过实施安全标准化能够提高企业安全管理和本质安全水平.金属非金属矿山安全管理现状和生产特点千差万别,要建设与实际水平相适应的标准化系统并得以正确实施,就需要充分理解标准化内涵,准确把握其核心思想和理论基础.金属非金属矿山安全标准化由14个核心要素组成,本文在分析金属非金属矿山安全标准化主要内容基础上,研究探讨了其基于风险管理的核心思想,分析提出了基于事故预防原理、系统性原理、人本原理和戴明原理等理论基础,以及全员参与、安全行为与态度等相关原则.     

金属非金属矿山安全标准化管理信息系统研发

基于我国金属非金属矿山安全标准化研究和开展的现状,对国内外几个较典型的安全标准化考核体系进行对比;按照《金属非金属矿山安全标准化规范》中14个核心要素的要求,以其相似性归类,通过设问、规定分值及设定等级,建立了一套安全标准化考核体系;并在此基础上开发金属非金属矿山安全标准化管理信息系统,研讨了系统的三个基本模块,应用.NET技术实现了系统的导入、展示、维护、统计等功能,为矿山企业提供一个规范化、标准化的考核及信息管理平台,使安全标准化在企业得以实现.     

《尾矿库实施指南》解读

为推动金属非金属矿山安全标准化在全国范围内全面、持久地开展,促进矿山不断提高安全管理水平,国家安全监管总局制定了AQ2007-2006《金属非金属矿山安全标准化规范》,该标准已于2007年7月1日起开始实施。《金属非金属矿山安全标     

中国安全生产科学研究院2010年3—4月培训信息

为深入贯彻落实国家安全监管总局《关于做好金属非金属矿山安全标准化考评工作的通知》精神,全面加强金属非金属矿山安全标准化建设,不断提高金属非金属矿山本质安全程度和安全管理水平,帮助企业掌握典型灾害预测控制新技术,提高金属非金属矿山安全生产管理水平,中国安全生产科学研究院（国家一级安全生产培训机构）决定举办“金属非金属矿山安全标准化建设及典型灾害预测控制新技术培训班”。     

油浸变压器排油注氮装置在500kV变电站的设计与应用

在分析500kV变电站主变压器消防系统的现状,比较3类消防系统优缺点的基础上,详细论述了主变排油注氮装置的结构组成、工作原理、参数计算、控制系统设计以及需要注意的事项等,为下一步排油注氮装置的推广应用打下基础.     

HAZOP结合What-if方法在某延迟焦化装置除焦中的应用

为克服传统危险与可操作性（HAZOP）定性分析方法在复杂操作、间歇作业等过程中使用的局限性,提出在传统HAZOP定性分析方法的基础上结合What-if（故障假设）方法,对人的不安全行为和操作规程不完备所导致的风险后果分析作出补充。详细说明其技术原理、工作流程等使用细节,系统阐述该方法与传统HAZOP定性分析方法的区别,并在某延迟焦化装置的除焦操作的风险分析中应用。经分析,识别出在“给水-泡焦”节点,有“操作规程错误”场景2项,“操作规程不具体”场景1项,不存在“操作人员未按操作规程执行”场景。研究结果表明:本文方法有效且具有较好效果,可以广泛应用于操作规程/作业指导书审查、作业过程隐患排查等方面,帮助企业开展操作层面的风险识别与管理,提升企业的生产安全水平。     

Nighttime pedestrian fatalities: A comprehensive examination of infrastructure,user, vehicle,and situational factors

Introduction: Pedestrian fatalities in the United States increased 45.5% between 2009 and 2017. More than 85% of those additional pedestrian fatalities occurred at night. Method: We examine Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data for fatal pedestrian crashes that occurred in the dark between 2002 and 2017. Within-variable and before/after examinations of crashes in terms of infrastructure, user, vehicle, and situational characteristics are performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-sample t-tests. We model changes in crash characteristic proportions between 2002–2009 and 2010–2017 using linear regressions and test for autocorrelation with Breusch-Godfrey tests. Results: The increase in fatal nighttime pedestrian crashes is most strongly correlated with infrastructure factors: non-intersection unmarked locations (saw 80.8% of additional fatalities); 40–45 mph roads (54.6%); five-lane roads (40.7%); urban (99.7%); and arterials (81.1%). In addition, SUVs were involved in 39.7% of additional fatalities, overrepresenting their share of the fleet. Increased pedestrian alcohol and drug involvement warrant further investigation. The age of pedestrians killed increased more (18.1%) than the national average (3.2%). Conclusions: By identifying factors related to the increase in nighttime pedestrian fatalities, this work constitutes a vital first step in making our streets safer for pedestrians. Practical Applications: More research is needed to understand the efficacy of different solutions, but this paper provides guidance for such future research. Engineering solutions such as road diets or traffic calming may be used to improve identified infrastructure issues by reducing vehicle speeds and road widths. Rethinking vehicle design, especially high front profiles, may improve vehicle issues. However, the problems giving rise to these pedestrian fatalities are likely a result of not only engineering issues but also interrelated social and political factors. Solutions may be correspondingly comprehensive, employing non-linear, systems-based approaches such as Safe Systems.     

森林地表火蔓延模拟方法及其计算机实现

进行了森林火蔓延的研究,对传统的经验公式和模型进行改进,明显发现改进的模型有更好的结果,用计算机巧妙准确地实现了模拟模型,在风力不是特别大,地形变化不是特别剧烈时,该模型有较高精度;并结合火蔓延的主要因素（气象因子、气候、地形等）,进行系统分析,写出算地,编制实现地表火蔓延的预测预报计算机系统软件。这对于有效的组织扑救、减少火灾损失、计算森林火灾的损失评估有重要意义。     

潞安矿区煤层渗透率的各向异性特征实验研究

为了研究原位煤体渗透性的各向异性特征,以山西潞安常村矿3号煤层圆柱试样为对象,利用TCQT-Ⅲ型低渗煤层气相驱替增产试验装置,对煤样进行加载,并以氮气注入压力2.0 MPa的条件下,分析垂直层理和平行层理2个方向的煤体变形和渗透率变化特征。实验结果表明:煤样在加载过程中,平行和垂直层理煤样渗透率均随着有效应力的增大而减小,平行层理方向的渗透率始终大于垂直层理方向,应力加载初期渗透率急剧下降,最后逐渐趋于平缓;径向应变的增加量与渗透率呈正相关性,且平行层理相关性大于垂直层理;沿平行层理方向的裂隙度大于沿垂直层理方向,沿垂直层理方向的应变量大于沿平行层理方向;应变增加量均随有效应力的增加而逐渐减小。研究结果可为煤层井网布置及优化提供参考。     

Footedness and Mounting—Short Review and Two Case Studies

Footedness is a personal quality like handedness. Footedness may be associated with moving ability during mounting, dismounting, and jumping movements. Occupational accidents have occurred during movement at different working levels, during the use of access and exit systems, and during the mounting of vehicles. Aging can also affect accident risk and body laterality. For example, falling accidents on stairs are common among the elderly. One reason for accidents may be that the structure of the access system or stair system is unsuitable for individual moving patterns depending partly on body laterality. Footedness and the way the feet are used may be contradictory to the demands of the moving situation, especially during uncommon or rapid situations. This contradiction may trigger disturbance during moving. The aims of this pilot study were (a) to review the literature briefly and (b) to describe the use of the dominant and nondominant foot by farmers and the elderly when mounting a tractor and stairs, respectively. The study also gives ideas for future studies based on both (a) and (b).     

AHP与GA-SVM耦合模型在滑坡预警中的应用*

为了减少滑坡造成的损失,提高滑坡预测的准确性,通过搭建灾害模拟平台获得滑坡的实验数据,在获得多组模拟实验数据后,分析各变量的特性。首先,通过层次分析(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)算法,对滑坡进行危险度划分;然后,通过支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)建立模型,遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)再优化SVM参数,提出1种层次分析法与GA-SVM相耦合的模型。研究结果表明:AHP方法划分后的数据,通过GA与SVM结合建立的模型精度较好,实验预测结果与实际结果较为吻合,与单一SVM相比,精度更高,结果更好,更加适用于多变量的复杂非线性滑坡预警。     

一起有机过氧化物爆炸事故的调查和分析

阐述一起重大爆炸伤亡事故的现场调查和原因分析，介绍如何通过人证物证材料，用鱼刺图法找出可能引起事故的诸原因，逐项加以分析，将与人证或物证材料相矛盾的原因子以排除，最后剩下无法排除亦即能与人证物证相符的那个原因，就是事故的真正原因。笔者是这起事故调查专家组组长，取证和数据可靠。     

Debunking the false dichotomy of leadership idealism and pragmatism: Critical evaluation and support of newer genre leadership theories

Leadership theories have shifted over the last few decades from a focus on managerial functions and economic leader–follower exchanges toward greater focus on the interpersonal dynamics occurring within the leadership process. Theories such as transformational, ethical, authentic, and other “newer genre” theories were created to address neglected topics such as leader vision and inspirational messages, transparency, emotional effects, morality, individualized attention, and intellectual stimulation. Critiques of these theories, however, have been raised. In this paper, we address five of those critiques and argue for the validity and practical effectiveness of the new genre theories. Further, we describe how newer genre leadership research should be viewed as a performative epistemology, entailing a process of co‐creation involving scholars and practitioners. Finally, from this view, we provide general ideas for leader development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Occupational Safety and Health in Finland

In Finland, occupational safety is the responsibility of the employer, while the occupational safety and health laws are enforced by the Labour Inspection Service, an organization of the state. The Labour Inspection is divided in 11 administrative districts, and it employs 360 professionals. They are mandated to carry out site visits without prearranged appointments to inspect safe work situations, working hours, construction safety, or any aspect of accident risks. The inspectors are also mandated to verify the existence of sufficient occupational health services as prescribed by the Occupational Health Services Act for all employees. The occupational health services are typically provided by enterprise-owned medical departments, by mutually owned health care centers, by private practitioners, or by municipal health care centers. The latter are required by law to provide all services as prescribed by the legislation to anyone who comes to the facility. This situation is prevalent in the countryside, where there are very few private caregiving centers. Declaring occupational accidents and disease cases is mandatory, and the Inspection districts examine all accidents to establish causes and consequences, and to initiate prosecution in case of criminal negligence. Labour Inspection Districts are also notified of the new occupational disease cases as they are declared to insurance companies. Insurance for occupational disease, accidents, and death is an obligation of the employer, although they can choose the insurance company. The medical confidentiality between the workers and their occupational health care providers is very strict. Official statistics are maintained by the state Statistics Finland organization, and they may be used, for example, for research purposes by scientific institutes like the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. Construction industry accounts for 25% of all fatal accidents (120 cases per 1 million working hours), followed by mechanical, wood, metal, machinery, and pulp and paper industry (10% each of fatal accidents) with rates ranging from 100–160 cases per 1 million working hours. There are some 5,000 occupational disease cases per year (rate 22/10,000 employed). The major disease categories include repetitive strain injuries (1,300 cases), respiratory allergies (600 cases), occupational skin diseases (1,000 cases), and 900 cases of noise-caused hearing loss. In 1998, 589 cases of asbestos-related diseases were reported.