单兵装备系统人机工效仿真评价技术初步研究

本文结合士兵系统的发展概况，阐述了单兵装备人机工程仿真评价技术研究的重要性，并总结了目前的研究进展情况，进而重点介绍单兵装备人机工效仿真评价系统的最新研究成果，首次在三维仿真环境和基础数据库的支持下对单兵装备系统的可视性、可达性、舒适性等指标进行综合研究和评价。     

安全人机工效实验室规划研究

安全人机工效学是安全工程科学的重要组成部分,而安全人机工效实验是该学科研究的重要基础,安全人机工效实验围绕作业环境与作业活动模拟、作业人员心理、生理、劳动负荷等参数变化需要通过大量实验进行研究,因此有必要建立基础性、综合性、开放性与动态性相结合的人机工效实验室。通过国内外调研,根据初步规划研究建立基础测量、虚拟仿真与监测、心理与行为分析、综合评估等4个实验室,可初步形成安全人机工效实验研究平台,为进一步实现安全与健康并重安全工程研究提供良好的基础条件。     

通用桥式起重机驾驶员操作可靠度研究

为有效改善桥式起重机驾驶员的操作水平,通过分析和确定这种起重机的工作流程,建立驾驶员基本动作序列。采用第二代人因可靠性分析(HRA)模型,按正常工作状态与紧急工作状态2种情况,对驾驶员操作可靠度进行全面、定量的分析与研究。结果表明,驾驶员操作可靠度定量研究中,重要的是要考虑起重机机型和基本操作动作序列、工作状态、动作时间、人机工效、作业环境等复杂因素。建立驾驶室人机工效定量分析与评价机制,加强驾驶员专业教育培训及考核制度、改善工作环境等技术措施,从根本上提高驾驶员操作可靠度等级,才能符合起重机械安全的发展趋势。     

人机工效学与个体防护装备

一、人机工效学概况 二次世界大战以后,特别是随着电子计算机的出现和载人航天活动取得了突破性的进展,使得人们越来越不能适应复杂机器的要求.     

呼吸防护用品的人机工效学问题分析

呼吸防护用品符合人的形态与生理特征,才能保证其防护效果和舒适性。笔者从人体的面部形态与生理机能角度,分析了呼吸防护用品与人体的适配性,系统提出密合性、呼吸阻力、死腔、视野等呼吸防护用品的人机工效学问题。该论文取得的成果,对进一步丰富呼吸防护用品人机工效学研究内容,指导呼吸防护用品的设计与生产,提升我国呼吸防护用品的防护效果与核心竞争力,以期发挥积极的推动作用。     

三维煤气管网仿真系统设计与实践

以煤气地下管网为例,按照软件工程思想,采用ArcEngine平台,使用Visual Studio.NET开发工具,结合GIS、数据库、面向对象、虚拟现实、ADO.NET等技术,设计三维煤气管网仿真系统,实现了三维管网的仿真。系统建立基础地理数据库、专题数据库、属性数据库、多媒体数据库和模型库,实现地下煤气管网的基础数据采集、信息管理、三维虚拟仿真、监测预警、专题制图和综合服务等功能。研究结果表明,基于C/S和B/S混合模式的体系结构较好地实现了多源数据管理与系统集成,利用GIS和面向对象技术可进行煤气管网快速三维建模和动态虚拟仿真。     

"安全人机工程学"教学方法优化与实践

针对安全工程专业人才培养目标新需求和"安全人机工程学"课程特点及教学过程中存在的问题和不足,分析了"安全人机工程学"教学方法改革的必要性,提出了如何改进该课程传统教学方法的具体实施方案,即建立课堂教学、实验探究和应用设计课上课下相结合的多元教学方法和实践应用能力培养模式。     

人机工程学数据在产品设计中的应用

介绍和分析了确定产品类型、选择百分位数、产品尺寸修正量,并最终设定产品功能尺寸的思路和方法.结合实例,深入分析了人机工程学数据在产品设计中的应用方法.     

基于安全人机工程学鞭炮全自动化装药机的评价与改进

根据安全人机工程学的基本原理和方法,结合对鞭炮企业自动化生产机械的现状调研,分析鞭炮企业自动化"人一机一环境"系统中影响人操作的因素,对人机功能匹配和人机界面进行评价,提出改进的设计方案,从而提高工作效率,促进鞭炮企业的安全生产。     

铁路行包营运管理信息系统安全监控仿真研究

从系统平台、通讯网络、数据库和业务应用系统 4个方面 ,分析了影响铁路行包营运管理信息系统安全的主要因素。借鉴国际标准化组织 (ISO)提出的开放式系统互联参考模型 (OSI RM )和Manager Agent模式 ,设计了层次型安全监控仿真系统 ,并在UnicenterTNG软件平台上进行了实现。实验结果表明 ,该仿真系统能够较好地实现对行包营运管理信息安全以及业务流程的监视。     

基于人机工程学的银行ATM设计

银行ATM在我国大多数城市已经得到了广泛应用,但由此带来的犯罪活动时有发生,这也表明自动柜员机的设计存在某些缺陷.运用了人机工程学的基本理论知识,坚持以用户为中心的原则,结合犯罪分子所采取的各种作案手段,分别从人、机、环3方面详细阐述了ATM机的设计过程,最后给出了优化后的银行ATM物理实体图.     

Anthropometry for Design for the Elderly

This paper presents anthropometric data on elderly people in Australia. Data were collected in the metropolitan city of Sydney, NSW, Australia. In all 171 elderly people (males and females, aged 65 years and above) took part in the study. Mean values, standard deviations, medians, range, and coefficients of variation for the various body dimensions were estimated. Correlation coefficients were also calculated to determine the relationship between different body dimensions for the elderly population. The mean stature of elderly Australian males and females were compared with populations from other countries. The paper discusses design implications for elderly people and provides several examples of application of the anthropometric data.     

警用头盔的人机工程学分析

警用头盔是武警部队使用最为频繁的单兵防护用具，本文基于人机工程学的理论，用人机工程学的观点对武警部队现装备的警用头盔进行分析和探讨，提出解决途径的设想，展望警用头盔的发展前景。     

Assessing the effectiveness of integrating ergonomics and sustainability: a case study of a Mexican maquiladora

In 2015, the United Nations defined sustainable industrialization as one of 17 sustainable development goals. In this article, an analysis is performed to assess the opportunities for ergonomics to contribute toward sustainability in the manufacturing industry. To that effect, a case study was carried out in a maquiladora of electronic components in the northwestern region of Mexico. The investigation was developed in four stages: (a) diagnosis; (b) planning; (c) implementations; (d) verification of results. Barriers found during each stage are presented. Finally, a discussion of the obtained results is provided, and areas of opportunity for programs or actions to prevent health risks are identified.     

The ergonomics of children in playground equipment safety

INTRODUCTION: Annually, some 200,000 U.S. children require hospital emergency room treatment from injuries suffered on playground equipment. Most of these injuries (70%) are the result of falls. While standards for protective surfacing within the play zone areas are very adequate, standards for the prevention of falls are very inadequate. "Climbers" are responsible for the greatest percentage of injuries with most of these injuries the result of falls. Current standards are woefully lacking in regard to these climbers. METHOD: This paper reviews the history of climber research and climber standards. RESULTS: It then presents recommendations for improved standards in this area based on the ergonomics of the users, children.     

A Whole Body Postural Loading Simulation and Assessment Model for Workplace Analysis and Design

Abstract

This study reports on the development and validation of a new computer model for simulating human postures at work, and assessing the reaction forces and bending moments in 43 human articulation joints. The proposed model estimates the intradiscal pressure in the vertebral column in response to external loading forces encountered during human interactions with work objects or processes. The model was implemented in a self-contained interactive software package. The simulation results compare favorably with the reported experimental data, and provide reasonable confidence in the quality of the model. Its characteristics and its applications in evaluating physical task performance are also discussed     

人机工程学在仪器仪表操纵机构设计中的应用

基于人机工程学的基本理论，结合人体结构尺寸和行为特性，着重论述了仪器仪表操纵机构的合理布置，操纵器间距离的确定，操纵器的选择方法以及设计原则。最终使仪器仪表的操纵机构最大限度地与人体结构相匹配，为操作者创造一个安全、健康、舒适的操作环境，使人机系统发挥出最大的效率。     

人机工程技术在机械安全设计的应用

从人机工程相关技术角度出发,对机械安全设计的有关问题进行了相应探讨,并提出了具体的应用事例.     

A Quasi-Experimental Study of the Effects of the Erggi Action Model of Musculoskeletal Symptoms and VDU Working Conditions Among University Staff

Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate musculoskeletal symptoms and working conditions of university workers with and without contact with an Erggi action model. Methods. A quasi-experimental and longitudinal field study design examined effects of the Erggi action model with 3 types of questionnaires filled by 1000 university workers. The statistical analyses used logistic regression. Results. Subjects who had contact with the Erggi action model had a higher probability of weekly musculoskeletal symptoms impairing their work, perceived more possibilities to influence their musculoskeletal symptoms and had lower risk for sick leave compared to those without contact with the Erggi action model. Conclusions. The Erggi action model increases the probability of influencing workers’ musculoskeletal symptoms, decreases the number of sick leave and increases awareness of musculoskeletal symptoms and working conditions.