单侧接触埋置结构与瞬态SH波的动力相互作用——时域边界元分析

应用时域边界元法 ,研究了单侧接触埋置结构与瞬态SH液 (剪切横波 )的动力相互作用 ,当入射SH波足够强时 ,界面会出现局部滑移并假设摩擦遵守库仓定理。笔者从实际情况出发 ,提出了新的数学模型和计算方法 ,计算了埋置矩形结构与瞬态SH波的动力相互作用问题 ,由于对此类问题的深入研究 ,为评估和预测埋置结构在动荷载下的安全性及疲劳寿命提供了重要的理论价值     

一维脉冲波透过压电介质摩擦接触界面的传播

以压电材料为核心的结构和元件在装置中,总是和其他材料组合在一起,常用来传导表面波或承受动荷载,界面是其中的重要组成部分。当扰动很强时,会引起接触界面的局部滑移和分离,对结构安全产生威胁。笔者对一维脉冲波透过横观各向同性压电介质摩擦接触界面的传播进行了研究。利用Fourier分析的方法,将混合边值问题化为非线性代数方程组,通过迭代修正,确定了界面上分离、滑移和粘着3种区域的分布范围,同时计算了界面剪力和相对滑移速度的分布。笔者进一步丰富了压电弹性波动理论,利用波所携带的力学或电学信息,可望无损探测界面的接触状态及接触力等参量,对结构的安全评估与寿命预测具有重要的理论价值与实际意义。     

SVAC芯片在编解码算法中ROI的边界效应研究

SVAC标准是我国第一个旨在解决安全防范监控要求的行业标准,SVAC标准的颁布解决了监控视音频编码面临的实际问题,是符合我国安防监控应用需要、具有我国自主知识产权的视音频编解码标准,在推进其标准化的过程中需定量地对比研究SVAC和其他视频编解码标准以及其各参数对图像质量的影响.SVAC重要功能之一的ROI功能可在保证感兴趣区域内视频质量不降低的情况下最大限度地减小码率,但是如果忽略引入ROI带来的边界处图像质量的变化,就会给计算结果带来误差甚至结论性的错误.本文分析了SVAC编解码算法中ROI功能的边界效应及其对码率的影响,并提出了去除边界效应的研究与测试方法.     

采动底板力学特征及其对回采巷道稳定性影响

应用理论分析、计算机模拟和现场实测,分析了采动底板应力传播规律及其对底板巷道稳定性影响规律。研究表明:煤壁前方应力增高区附近底板压应力分布呈现"球根"状,随着埋深的增加,垂直应力先增加后减小,剪应力浅部采场边界高度集中,是引起层状底板剪切滑移的根本原因。张集矿1113(1)工作面回采过程,活化了已回采稳定的两工作面层间似连续-非连续-散体结构,导致非连续结构的剪切滑移失稳,和散体冲破相互咬合摩擦力的移动,引起了1113(1)工作面轨道巷广距离失稳。相邻采区开采顺序由上下煤层间隔同采调整为上下煤层顺序开采后,巷道表面位移显著降低,技术经济效益显著。研究成果可为煤层群开采采区设计、底板巷道稳定性控制提供理论基础。     

基于粘弹性人工边界的掉层结构地震响应分析

为实现山地建筑结构土-结相互作用体系的动力分析,基于粘弹性人工边界理论,利用Matlab编写了用于Abaqus自动施加粘弹性人工边界与外源波动等效节点力的程序,采用该程序模拟的地基无限域外源波动模型的动力响应符合波动理论,验证了该程序的准确性.将采用粘弹性人工边界的土-结相互作用体系与底柱固接的刚性地基分别应用于山地地...     

铁路运输企业温室气体排放量核算方法探讨

本文对铁路运输企业温室气体排放的核算边界、核算主体、核算方法等问题进行了分析和探讨,界定了核算边界以及核算主体,并对核算主体进行了细化分层。综合国内外对温室气体排放量的核算方法,提出了铁路运输企业温室气体排放量核算的基本框架。     

煤矿开采地表沉陷盆地边界的再认识

为了研究厚松散层条件下煤矿开采沉陷盆地边界的界定及其影响因素，基于现场实测资料和误差传播定律，建立了厚含水松散层条件下地表沉陷监测点点位中误差函数模型；以辛置煤矿五采区为工程背景，采用UDEC离散元数值分析方法，揭示了采动程度与边界角之间的协同作用关系。研究结果表明:不同国家对沉陷盆地边界的界定并不统一，厚含水松散层条件下，沉陷盆地边缘15 mm的水平移动点可作为沉陷盆地的边界，对于特级保护对象，建议以2 mm下沉点作为沉陷盆地的边界。随着采动程度的增加，沉陷盆地上、下山边界角呈现先缓慢减小再逐渐增加的趋势，二者服从Lorentz函数模型，相关度分别为0.88和0.99，该函数模型能够表达研究区域采动程度与边界角之间的内在联系。     

复合地基不同参数对地面动力特性的影响分析

复合地基在我国的应用极为广泛,但应用水平参差不齐,工程质量需要提高,更需要理论指导。由于复合地基的复杂性,复合地基参数对地震作用下地面运动特性的影响,学者研究的结论和意见也不一致。因此,进一步研究其理论及工程应用问题既是客观要求又是现实需要。为了更深入地探讨有关问题,笔者采用有限元法,引入粘弹性人工边界,同时把地震波转化为等效荷载输入到模型中,认为比较符合实际。最后,通过系统分析,得出了一些有益的结论,有一定的工程价值,同时也为进一步研究提供了科学依据。     

刍议建设项目环境影响评价环保责任边界的界定

论述了水环境、大气环境、声环境及有要求的环境敏感保护目标的环保责任边界的界定原则,具体为:根据生产区域和废水处置方式判定水环境环保责任边界;根据排气筒和生产区域边界判定大气环境环保责任边界;声环境环保责任边界界定基本原则为厂界外1 m,特殊情况适当调整;通过各环境要素的环境质量监测,说明工程建设对环境敏感保护目标的影响。以化工项目、橡胶制品项目及车用压缩机项目的环保责任边界划分情况为例,进一步印证了所述建设项目各环境要素环保责任边界界定原则的合理性和科学性。     

基于改进Haskell模型的断层滑移型岩爆震源模拟研究

断层滑移型岩爆事件已经成为影响地下矿山安全开采的重大问题。为深入了解断层滑移型岩爆事件对岩体及支护系统的影响,采用三维离散元程序3DEC,开展断层滑移的数值模拟研究。通过比较常用的震源模型,根据断层滑移形状及滑移特征,构建基于改进Haskell模型的断层滑移型岩爆震源模型。从荷载施加、断层面滑移及震源远区岩体质点振动响应等方面,验证改进的Haskell模型在模拟断层滑移方面的有效性。改进Haskell模型的计算结果与位移理论计算公式、质点振动速度经验公式等结果一致,结果表明,改进的Haskell模型能够很好模拟断层滑移震源特征以及合理的岩体震动响应。     

Development of an objective determination of a slip with a portable inclineable articulated strut slip tester (PIAST)

A portable inclineable articulated strut slip tester (PIAST) is a slipmeter that is widely used in the USA to measure coefficient of friction (COF) at the shoe sole and floor interface. A determination of a slip at the measurement interface, which is currently judged subjectively by operators, plays a crucial role in deciding the outcomes of a PIAST measurement. The goal of this study was to develop an objective determination of a slip based on the movement of the weight used by the slipmeter. The displacement of the weight and the time duration of consecutive strikes in a measurement were used to derive the objective slip criterion. Various footwear materials, floor materials and surface conditions were used to cover a wide range of COF values. The results of the regression analysis indicated that the objective COF predicted by the method developed in the current study was significant (R² = 0.997, β = 0.991, p < 0.001) in predicting the subjective COF determined by the operator.     

A longitudinal examination of role overload and work–family conflict: The mediating role of interdomain transitions

Through the lens of boundary theory, we examine whether the relationship between role overload and work–family conflict is explained by the use of interdomain transitions. With a sample of 250 working adults, we examined whether individuals respond to role overload by engaging in interdomain transitions and how the frequency of these transitions influences work–family conflict both concurrently and over time. Results support our expectation that at a given time, interdomain transitions function as an episodic coping mechanism with short‐term costs (greater work–family conflict) and benefits (less role overload). Also, engaging in interdomain transitions was an explanatory variable linking role overload and work–family conflict. We expected that, over time, engaging in interdomain transitions would function as a preventive coping mechanism, serving to reduce role overload. Interestingly though, several of the longitudinal hypotheses were counter to prediction. Our findings provide further evidence for the use of boundary theory in examinations of the work–family interface. Insights on areas within the literature that require further theoretical development are discussed, along with a consideration of the application of emerging methodologies within our empirical designs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

温度作用下混凝土拼接桥梁拼接缝界面剪应力研究*

为探究拼宽混凝土桥梁在温度效应下连接缝位置产生的界面剪应力问题,考虑施工过程中现浇拼接缝混凝土各项参数的变化,以某高速公路拼接桥梁为研究对象,基于初等梁理论提出1种考虑纵向温度应力的拼宽桥梁界面剪应力力学模型。结果表明:拼接缝混凝土弹性模量的改变对拼接缝界面剪应力的数值和分布形态影响较小;新梁和旧梁的线膨胀系数差异越大拼接缝界面剪应力越大;研究得到不同拼宽宽度下拼宽桥界面局部剪切柔度修订值的变化规律,并拟合变化公式。     

Heel contact dynamics during slip events on level and inclined surfaces

This study describes heel contact dynamics during slip events, information that must be known to develop biomechanically relevant shoe-floor coefficient of friction measurement systems. Sixteen subjects walked on a level, 5 and 10° ramp with two possible contaminants (dry, oil). Foot motion was recorded at 350 Hz and compared among no-slip, slip-recovery and slip-fall events. For all trials, the foot rotated to foot-flat, even during slip and fall trials. Heel sliding patterns recorded upon and shortly after heel contact were similar for all conditions. Slip distances, sliding velocities and heel acceleration profiles varied across trials. During the fall trials, the slipping motion of the foot was found to decelerate approximately 200 to 300 ms into stance before accelerating again, eventually leading to the fall. This deceleration was believed to be an attempt by the subject to recover from the slip. Recovery attempts on inclined surfaces were less successful than on level floors. In general, the slip distance and peak forward sliding velocity associated with fall trials were greater than or equal to 10 cm and 0.8 m/s, respectively. These complex motions at the shoe-floor interface during slipping should be taken into account for improving slip resistance measurement systems.     

Boundary control and controlled boundaries: Organizational expectations for technology use at the work–family interface

Some studies have argued that information and communication technologies such as smartphones can pressure employees to work more from home, while others argue that they help employees manage transitions between work and family role domains. Leveraging boundary theory and the job demands–resources model, the present study examines the conditions under which work–family technology use is associated with greater boundary control. Findings show that technology use is associated with higher boundary control for those who prefer role integration and lower boundary control for those who prefer role segmentation. Findings also show that boundary control is linked to emotional exhaustion and that organizational after‐hours electronic communication expectations can compel work–family technology use despite individual preferences. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

When work is wanted after hours: Testing weekly stress of information communication technology demands using boundary theory

Information communication technologies (ICTs; e.g., smartphones) enable employees to work anywhere and anytime, blurring work and family boundaries. Building on this trend, this study draws from work–family border/boundary theory to examine antecedents and consequences of employees' weekly experiences of ICT demands (i.e., being accessible and contacted for work after hours via ICTs). A sample of 546 elementary teachers completed a registration survey and a weekly diary for 5 weeks. Multilevel modeling results suggest that ICT demands as a form of work intrusion in the home can constitute a source of significant weekly strain (i.e., negative rumination, negative affect, and insomnia). As border crossers, teachers' adoption of a technological boundary tactic (i.e., keeping work email alerts turned off on mobile phones) was related to lower weekly ICT demands. As important border keepers at work, school principals' work–family support was related to teachers' lower weekly ICT demands, whereas parents' after-hours boundary expectations were related to teachers' higher weekly ICT demands. Moreover, teachers' boundary control was found as a mediating mechanism by which the two border keepers influenced teachers' ICT demands−negative rumination link. That is, teachers who received fewer boundary expectations and/or more work–family support had greater boundary control, which in turn buffered the ICT demands–negative rumination relationship.     

基于尾涡强度的无人机与民机纵向安全间隔评估研究

为了解决无人机频频入侵机场净空，与民航客机发生危险接近的问题，以碰撞风险为量化指标，对无人机与民机需要保持的纵向安全间隔进行评估研究。分析民机尾涡流场对无人机运行的影响，利用Crow近场涡强度消散理论，得到实际尾迹影响区改进Reich碰撞模板，据此建立CNS/GPS性能环境下的纵向间隔评估模型，通过Matlab进行间隔值求解。研究结果表明:模型可以较为准确地反映民机起飞初始爬升阶段无人机尾随运行时导航性能和尾涡迹对所需最小间隔值的影响，并得到给定安全目标水平的计算结果。