基于不同用地规划的人体健康风险评估

以某化工厂搬迁遗留场地为例,比较3种不同规划用地(居住用地、商业用地和高架建设用地)的人体健康风险差异,根据评估结果,该场地作为高架建设用地人体健康风险水平处于10~(-5)左右,风险相对较低,且风险主要集中于表层土壤及微承压地下水,推荐优先用作高架建设用地。结合规划用途给出土壤及地下水的风险控制值:地下0 m~1.5 m土壤中,苯、六氯丁二烯分别为7.72 mg/kg、38.5 mg/kg;地下水中,苯、六氯丁二烯分别为355 mg/L、53.5 mg/L。     

我国环境健康风险评估制度建设思路与建议

简述了环境健康风险评估制度内涵,分析了我国环境健康风险评估制度建设存在的关键问题,提出我国环境健康风险评估制度建设的思路与具体建议,包括以法律和政策制定为抓手开展顶层设计,从机构设置、技术研发、构建标准规范体系和开发系统性的数据库与模型工具等方面提升风险评估能力,强化环境健康风险评估结果在生态环境与健康管理中的应用,为我国环境健康风险评估制度建设提供参考。     

制订我国污染场地土壤风险筛选值的几点建议

近年来,我国大中城市陆续开展污染企业搬迁,环境管理上要求对搬迁场地进行商业开发前必须开展场地环境调查、风险评估和修复,客观上要求有一套场地环境评价标准和污染土壤修复标准.针对目前国内污染场地标准缺失及盲目引用国外相关筛选值出现的误区,分析了美国、荷兰和英国土壤筛选值差异的主要原因,为合理借鉴国外土壤筛选值及其制定方法学...     

中、英、美污染场地风险评估导则异同与启示

近年来,随着国家\"退二进三\"旧城改造政策的实施,全国几乎所有的大中城市正面临着大批多种污染行业企业的关闭和搬迁,这些搬迁企业遗留场地都存在着不同程度的环境与健康风险.开展定量评估人体健康与生态环境风险是建立我国工业污染场地管理体系不可缺少的技术手段,也是适合我国国情并走向可持续性(绿色)土壤与地下水修复及综合环境管理的...     

我国污染场地土壤石油烃环境质量标准体系的现状与趋势

石油烃污染场地已经成为国内外重点关注的工业污染场地类型之一.国内基于人体健康风险的污染场地管理模式及分层次评估方法已经展现雏形,为风险管理者提供了基于人体健康的土壤石油烃风险筛选值和管制值,也为污染场地的防治与修复工作提供了决策支持.在前人研究的基础上,梳理了国内土壤环境质量标准体系的建立与发展历程,分析了石油烃类污染...     

聊城市城郊浅层地下水硝酸盐污染特征与健康风险评估

运用氮、氧双同位素对聊城市城郊浅层地下水硝酸盐进行溯源,基于人类健康风险评估模型评估其健康风险。结果表明：研究区地下水中硝酸盐质量浓度在396 mg/L～389 mg/L之间,52%的监测点硝酸盐质量浓度超过《地下水质量标准》（GB/T 14848—2017）中Ⅲ类水质限值（20 mg/L）;地下水硝酸盐主要来源于化肥中的NH+4,其次为化肥中的NO-3和土壤中N的矿化作用;成年男性、成年女性和未成年人的非致癌风险值均处于可接受风险水平,区域人群硝酸盐暴露风险的主要途径为饮用区域地下水。     

基于风险的工业污染场地管理

中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室污染场地生态修复工程技术研发中心致力于研究污染场地定量健康与环境风险评估技术,在国际国内具有领先地位。中心人员主持过英国环保署（EA）及环境、食品与农村事务部（DEFRA）污染土地暴露评估软件（CLEA）的开发。     

污染场地修复工程环境监理的实践与探索

环境监理是污染场地修复过程中不可或缺的关键环节,在我国起步相对较晚,可供借鉴的实例很少。以苏州市某化工厂遗留场地污染土壤和地下水修复工程为例,阐述了不同阶段环境监理的工作内容,突出了原位和异位修复技术的环境监理工作要点,并提出建立污染土壤和地下水修复效果质量控制体系和原位修复效果长期跟踪监测机制等建议。     

场地污染监测预警与决策一体化系统的设计与实现

通过分析我国相关场地污染现状和需求,设计了场地污染监测预警与决策一体化系统,利用物联网设备实时监测采集污染数据,并通过数据传输技术SignalR进行数据传输,再使用三维地理框架Cesium反映监测区域的污染情况,保证对污染处理响应的实时性和高效性,指出三维虚拟地理技术与大数据、物联网技术结合是系统的发展方向。     

中国污染场地修复的研究进展、问题与展望

随着城市化和产业转移进程的加快,我国城镇工业企业搬迁或遗留的污染场地数量与日俱增,亟须开展污染场地治理与修复工作,以保障人居环境安全、国民健康和社会稳定.综述了我国污染场地及其产生、状态和风险,污染场地管理、修复技术及工程实践进展,污染场地管理和修复的主要问题,场地污染防治与修复政策、技术和融资机制需求,旨在推进污染场...     

化工企业拆迁场地健康风险评价

随着城市的发展,越来越多的工业企业逐步搬迁出主城区,遗留下的场地将会用作商业或居住用地,对这些拆迁场地如不加强环境管理,可能会对公众健康造成危害。以化工企业拆迁场地为例,按照危害识别、暴露评估、毒性评估、风险表征4个步骤,介绍了健康风险评价的一般方法,着重介绍了\"危害识别\"步骤中对于化工企业拆迁场地环境调查方面的方法与注意事项。最后指出了我国在污染场地健康风险评价方面的不足,并提出了相应的建议。     

Rethinking human health impact assessment

Most EIA programs around the world require the consideration of human health impacts. Yet relatively few EIA documents adequately address those impacts. This article examines how, why, and to what extent health impacts are analyzed in environmental impact assessments in the U.S. An empirical study of 42 environmental impact statements found that more than half contained no mention of health impacts. In the others, health impacts were analyzed narrowly, if at all, using risk assessment to quantify the carcinogenic potential of a single substance over a single generation. This analytic focus overlooks other significant morbidity and mortality risks, cumulative and intergenerational effects, and broader determinants of health. This article investigates these problems and provides recommendations to improve human health impact assessment, using strategic environmental assessment, qualitative health data, health outcomes in addition to cancer, and a precautionary approach to risk.     

Multi-Criteria and Multi-Perspective Analysis of Contaminated Land Management Methods

Errors in environmental resource management over the years have created pollution problems in some areas which are difficult to handle, regardless of the development of knowledge and technologies. This is particularly true in the case of soil pollution. The negative effects of persistent pollutants have been observed for a long time. For instance, lead and cadmium remain in the soil for centuries, during which time they are absorbed by plants and simultaneously cause secondary air pollution. The authors made an attempt to describe and assess the possible options of dealing with the problem of contaminated land in Katowice District. Considering the necessity of a multilateral approach, a pairwise comparison technique has been chosen as the most suitable to show the complexity of the problem. The different variants of actions aimed at preventing the pollutants from getting into the food chain were analyzed against a set of criteria, consisting of the following issues: time, cost, effectiveness, social acceptance, feasibility. The relative importance of actions were judged by the team of experts using the Saaty method. Also, a two-perspective assessment (the two different stakeholders), which involves considering the perspective of an owner of a piece of contaminated land and an ecologist has been performed. The results of comparative, multicriteria and multi-perspective assessment indicate the following:- the best method for contaminated agricultural land management is willful and controlled cultivation,- other recommended actions are deep ploughing and phytoremediation,- there is not much acceptance for the other methods.     

污染场地环境风险评价中可接受风险水平探讨

简述了可接受风险水平的内涵及其发展历程,介绍了国外污染场地环境风险评价中可接受风险水平的选取。提出我国污染场地风险评价和修复治理应合理选取风险可接受水平数值,梳理现有修复治理工程修复目标值的制定过程,建立差异化的可接受风险水平标准体系。     

关于建立健全我国环境健康风险评估制度的思考

环境健康风险评估是生态环境和卫生健康管理决策制定的重要依据之一,从政策制定、技术规范、制度试点、能力建设和管理应用等方面分析了我国环境健康风险评估工作现状。指出,我国环境健康风险评估制度存在各部门对环境健康风险评估的认识偏差,部门职责不清晰,管理需求不明确,技术体系不完善等问题。提出,生态环境和卫生健康部门应结合各自职责与需求制定相关工作办法,开展试点探索,条件成熟时制定专门法律;厘清生态环境和卫生健康部门在环境健康风险管理中的职责;紧密围绕生态环境和卫生健康管理需求,开展环境健康风险评估工作;借鉴国外经验,完善环境健康风险评估技术规范体系;从机构设置、技术队伍培训、合作共享、学术交流等方面提升环境健康风险评估能力。     

某化工厂致癌有机污染物分层健康风险评估

以某化工厂污染场地为例,根据《污染场地风险评估技术导则》(HJ 25.3-2014),运用HERA风险评估软件,将污染场地分为4层分别进行人体健康风险评估,结果表明:该场地存在高致癌风险,需要修复后才能开发再利用;关注污染物氯仿、苯,在地下0 m~3 m的风险控制值分别为0.07 mg/kg、0.83 mg/kg,在地下3 m~5 m的风险控制值分别为0.15 mg/kg、1.91 mg/kg,在地下5 m~9 m的风险控制值分别为0.40 mg/kg、5.05 mg/kg,在地下9 m~18 m的风险控制值分别为0.73 mg/kg、7.82 mg/kg。与以往计算单一的风险控制相比,分层计算污染物的风险控制值能有效减少治理土方量,降低治理成本。     

重点行业的关注污染物与环境危害简析

经济的高速发展加速了城市化的进程,许多原有的污染行业面临着废弃或关闭,因而产生了大量的污染场地(又称为\"棕地\").污染场地对人体健康和环境呈现潜在的风险,限制经济的可持续发展和社会稳定.对筛选的10个重点行业的工艺过程进行简要描述,总结了重点行业的工艺过程,潜在的污染源区以及关注污染物的迁移和持久性,并分析了污染物对人...     

A GIS-based approach for the long-term prediction of human health risks at contaminated sites

A Health Index/Risk Evaluation Tool (HIRET) has been developed for the integration of risk assessment and spatial planning using GIS capabilities. The method is meant to assist decision makers and site owners in the evaluation of potential human health risk with respect to land use. Human health risk defined as the potential adverse effects on human life or health is generally accepted as the most important aspect for site assessment and planning of remediation strategies. It concerns polluted sites that endanger human health on one hand and derelict land that does not cause the immediate risk on the other hand. In current state-of-the-art risk-assessment, long-term spatial and temporal changes of risks, in relation to changes in contamination patterns and land use functions, are not taken into account. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the methodology developed for human health risk assessment in aspect of spatial and temporal domain. HIRET was developed as an extension for ESRI software ArcView 3.2 and allows performing dynamic human health risk assessment in long-term period, which is relevant for land use planning. The paper illustrates how such methodology can assist in environmental decision-making to enhance the efficiency of contaminated land management. A case study of contaminated site is given showing how data can be used within a GIS framework to produce maps indicating areas of potential human health risk.     

区域环境风险评估研究进展

简述了区域环境风险及区域环境风险评估的内涵,以及国内外区域环境风险评估研究发展进程及现状,指出了现阶段区域环境风险评估存在的问题,提出应重点开展区域环境风险发生机理、定量表征区域环境风险方法等研究的展望。