污水厂污泥湿式空气氧化的研究进展

湿式空气氧化是一种具有较大发展潜力的污水厂污泥处理技术.该技术在高温高压条件下利用自由基反应氧化乃至矿化污泥中的有机质,处理后的污泥脱水性能好且泥饼趋于无机化.本文总结了该技术的原理、主要工艺和最新研究进展,并归纳了该领域面临的现实问题.指出,完善工艺流程、开发新型催化剂、实现产物综合利用是未来污泥湿式空气氧化发展的主...     

蜂窝型催化剂氧化分解氯苯酚类污染物的研究

以过渡金属钒和钼的氧化物制得蜂窝型催化剂，采用扫描电子显微镜对催化剂表面组成进行了分析，并研究了其对一氯苯酚、二氯苯酚、三氯苯酚氧化分解的催化活性，考察了反应温度、空间速度对氧化过程的影响，通过比较氯苯酚类物质热解和催化氧化分解的产物，表明热解会产生二噁英等剧毒物质，而采用该种催化荆氧化时未检出二噁英等剧毒有害物质。     

含油污泥热解过程模拟和质能平衡分析

钢铁行业对钢材冷却时会产生大量含油污泥,对环境造成了严重污染。对含油污泥的热解过程进行了实验和仿真模拟研究,并对实验中分离出的热解油进行组分分析。轻质油中脂肪族化合物、杂环化合物和芳香族化合物分别占97.8%、1.85%和0.35%。重质油中脂肪族化合物和杂环化合物分别占93.27%和6.73%。另外通过Aspen Plus建立模型,并根据模型数据对热解过程的收支平衡进行分析。研究表明热解产物携带能量从大到小依次为热解油、残渣、热解气和水。含油污泥产出的挥发分质量占比为69.4%,能够有效利用的化学能较多。     

有机废弃物堆肥产品应用效果研究

为解决近年来逐年增加的园林废弃物处理问题,通过园林废弃物和污泥进行不同质量比的混合堆肥试验,研究园林绿化废弃物堆肥过程中各项指标的变化情况及堆肥产品应用于工程绿化的可行性。研究发现:园林废弃物与污泥以适当比例混合,能改善堆肥条件,取得较好的堆肥效果;园林废弃物堆肥具有升温快,高温维持时间长,腐熟快,安全性高的优点;现阶段我国园林废弃物利用率较低,其堆肥产品可作为泥炭、有机肥、土壤改良剂的替代品,促进循环经济的发展。     

专利文摘

一种焚烧及污泥干化工艺该专利涉及一种焚烧及污泥干化工艺。包括以下步骤:1)将固体可燃废料送入热解焚烧装置,通过干馏、燃烧形成高温烟气;2)将得到的高温烟气送至装有湿污泥的回转窑内提供热源,使湿污泥在回转窑内充分干化、热解和燃烧,得到干污泥和热解后的废气;3)将热解后的废气送至燃烧室进一步提温灼烧后,送至尾气处理装置处理后     

污水污泥的热解处理

污水污泥的处理已成为令人关注的问题,传统的处理方法有许多不尽人意的地方.热解处理污泥是近年新发展的技术,其优点和可操作性受到许多研究者的关注.介绍了热解法的发展和需要解决的问题,特别介绍了国内研究较少的污泥热解的高温阶段.     

漆渣的循环再利用

漆渣是喷漆过程产生的废弃物,2013年中国仅汽车行业就产生漆渣约6.64万t。由于漆渣的巨大产生量和有害属性,对处理和处置造成很大挑战。循环和再利用是废弃物处置方法中对环境最友好的解决方式。从水泥窑协同处置、热干燥处理及产物利用、热解处理及产物利用三方面,回顾了近20年来在漆渣循环再用方面的研究进展和实际应用。     

造纸污泥燃烧、热解与孔结构特性实验研究

对造纸污泥、造纸污泥焦、煤、煤焦热重和压汞实验，以及燃烧、热解和孔结构进行特性分析。通过对实验现象和数据的处理与分析，得到了反应动力学参数和孔结构特性参数。热重实验显示，造纸污泥与煤基本都要经历加热、挥发份析出、挥发份着火及燃烧、固定碳着火及燃烧四个阶段。造纸污泥的燃烧、热解特性与煤有较大差异。造纸污泥在失重分解过程中挥发份所起作用远大于固定碳所起作用。得到了比孔容、比表面积、孔数与孔径分布的关系，造纸污泥、造纸污泥焦的孔隙率比煤、煤焦的大很多。造纸污泥的焦粒属于多孔介质，使得空气易于扩散到其中的气孔中，有利于燃烧。     

生物质和塑料废弃物的混合废料热解降低能耗

<正>Energy,2014,75(10):127废弃物混合物的热共处理在过去的10年里得到了很多关注。这主要是由于某些协同效应,如石油产量的增大和质量的改善、某些原料供应的短缺以及整个热解工艺的改进。为了在生物质和塑料废弃物的共热解中实现上述的协同效应,通过热解重量分析(TGA)和不同的反应器进行了许多实验。塑料在热解过程中的热性能不同于生物质,因为它的分解发生在高温范围,可迅速地释放挥发物质,相比而言生物质的热分解温度范围更     

一种利用污泥和废石墨制备活性吸附材料的方法

该发明涉及一种利用污泥和废石墨制备活性吸附材料的方法，其特征在于从城市污水处理厂取剩余污泥，干化、研磨、过筛后按固液质量比1：（2．5～4．5）加入氯化锌和硫酸溶液，静止放置20～24h，烘干20～24h，处理后的污泥加入废石墨，加入量为污泥总质量的3％～10％；然后放入热解炉中进行热解，利用氮气隔绝空气，氮气流量控制在0．4～0．5L／min，加热速率控制在10～15℃／min，热解温度为500～800℃，热解时间为1．5～2．5h；热解后的产物先用浓度为3mol／L的盐酸溶液漂洗，促使其中的氧化物充分溶解，同时洗脱杂质，     

污泥热解气化技术的研究进展

通过热解气化等热化学转化方式将污泥转变为液体或气体燃料是极具前景的污泥利用方式之一。从污泥的资源化利用方面着手,阐述了污泥热解气化技术的研究进展,分析了现有污泥热解气化工艺的优缺点和主要影响因素,并对该技术的发展趋势进行了展望。指出:高湿污泥与生物质混合进行共热解可以提高原料的转化率和整个系统的热效率;高效污泥热解气化装置的研发是目前污泥热解气化技术领域亟待解决的问题。     

基于TiO2载体的锰铈系低温SCR脱硝催化剂研究进展

开发低温、高活性、高抗硫抗水性能的选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝催化剂已成为国内外的研究热点。综述了基于TiO2载体的锰铈系低温脱硝催化剂的脱硝性能,探讨了助剂掺杂改性、制备方法、反应条件等对催化剂脱硝性能的影响,总结了现有低温脱硝催化剂的技术难点,指出SCR催化剂的研究需要着重考虑以下几方面:深入研究催化剂的反应机理和中毒机理;研究催化剂的循环再生;探究拓宽催化剂温度窗口,使其适应不同的温度条件。     

Reduction of tar using cheap catalysts during sewage sludge gasification

Solid-fuel conversion or gasification study of sewage sludge and energy recovery has become increasingly important because energy recovery and climate change are emerging issues. Various types of catalysts, such as dolomite, steel slag and calcium oxide, were tested for tar reduction during the sewage sludge gasification process. For the experiments on sewage sludge gasification reactions and tar reduction using the catalysts, a fixed bed of laboratory-scale experimental apparatus was set up. The reactor was made of quartz glass using an electric muffle furnace. The sewage sludge samples used had moisture contents less than 6%. The experimental conditions were as follows: sample weight was 20 g and reaction time was 10 min, gasification reaction temperature was from 600 to 800°C, and the equivalence ratio was 0.2. The quantity of catalysts was 2–6 g, and temperatures of catalyst layers were 500–700°C. As the reaction temperature increased up to 800°C, the yields of gaseous products and liquid products increased, whereas char and tar products decreased, showing effects on gas product compositions. These results were considered to be due to the increase of the water-gas reaction and Boudouard reaction. In the case of experiments with catalysts, dolomite (4 g), steel slag (6 g) and calcium oxide (6 g) were used. When the temperature of catalysts increased, the weight of the tar produced decreased with different cracking performances by different catalysts. Reforming reactions were considered to occur on the surface of dolomite, steel slag and calcium oxide, causing cracking of the hydrocarbon structure, which eventually showed reduced tar generation.     

我国废炼油催化剂的产生量、危害及处理方法

根据我国每年的石油消费量估算了当年的废炼油催化剂产生量,预测2015年我国废炼油催化剂的产生量将达到2.07×105 t。介绍了废炼油催化剂的主要成分、含量与危害,分别论述了废流化催化裂化催化剂、废催化加氢催化剂和废催化重整催化剂的处理和利用方法,指出废炼油催化剂的再生及资源化和无害化应是未来的重点研究方向。     

硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化的反应机理及启动过程影响因素综述

硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化(S-ANAMMOX)可将废水中的氮硫元素同时去除,避免了氨氮、硫酸盐分别处理时过程不稳定、去除效率低等不足,且不产生二次污染。但该反应的启动耗时长以及机理不明确影响了其应用。本文在探讨S-ANAMMOX反应机理的基础上,对反应器、污泥源、填料、碳源及运行条件等启动过程影响因素进行了阐述,并对今后的研究做出了展望。指出:应在量化反应产物的基础上深入对反应机理和功能微生物特性的研究;分析反应器、污泥源等启动因素的差异性;促进S-ANAMMOX在实际废水处理中的应用。     

Comparative assessment of municipal sewage sludge incineration,gasification and pyrolysis for a sustainable sludge-to-energy management in Greece

For a sustainable municipal sewage sludge management, not only the available technology, but also other parameters, such as policy regulations and socio-economic issues should be taken in account. In this study, the current status of both European and Greek Legislation on waste management, with a special insight in municipal sewage sludge, is presented. A SWOT analysis was further developed for comparison of pyrolysis with incineration and gasification and results are presented. Pyrolysis seems to be the optimal thermochemical treatment option compared to incineration and gasification. Sewage sludge pyrolysis is favorable for energy savings, material recovery and high added materials production, providing a ‘zero waste’ solution. Finally, identification of challenges and barriers for sewage sludge pyrolysis deployment in Greece was investigated.     

VOCs催化燃烧的非贵金属催化剂研究进展

挥发性有机化合物（ VOCs） 是大气污染的主要来源之一，催化燃烧是有效的VOCs处理技术，而非贵金属催化剂是催化燃烧技术研究的热点。综述了多种结构形式的非贵金属催化剂的种类、活性组分及其催化性能的研究进展，探讨了水含量、杂质气体等因素对催化剂活性的影响。指出：将催化剂的制备和机理研究与实际应用中的工艺计算和设计相结合，开发用于VOCs催化燃烧的高活性、高稳定性、价格低廉的催化材料和工艺是今后的研究方向。     

Pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene using synthetic catalysts produced from fly ash

Catalytic pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was investigated using various fly ash-derived silica–alumina catalysts (FSAs). FSAs were prepared by a simple activation method that basically includes NaOH treatment of fly ash by a fusion method, followed by an aging process. A series of LDPE pyrolysis experiments was conducted and the catalytic performance of FSAs was assessed in terms of the degradation temperature and the simulated boiling point distribution of the liquid products. The effects of synthesis conditions such as NaOH/fly ash weight ratio and aging time were examined by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, and scanning electron microscope to clarify the controlling factors affecting the catalytic activity. To obtain catalyst with high activity, it is necessary to produce sufficient silica and alumina species that can be easily co-precipitated into solid acid catalyst by destruction of the fly ash structure and to optimize the activation time for catalyst synthesis to prevent the transformation into inactive phases. The catalytic performance of FSA obtained from optimal conditions was equivalent to that of commercial catalysts, demonstrating the effectiveness of the catalyst.     

混凝技术在印染废水处理中的应用及研究进展

概括了混凝技术在印染废水的预处理和深度处理以及印染废水回用工艺的预处理等领域的应用情况。介绍了目前用于印染废水处理的无机混凝剂、有机絮凝剂及复合混凝剂等的应用发展现状。复合混凝剂因各组分之间的协同作用提高了混凝性能,减少了投药量,进而降低了混凝污泥的产量。应对有机组分进行阳离子化,以减少无机组分的用量,并通过接枝反应等制备出具有多支链、含较多具有吸附功能的官能团结构的有机高分子,以提高混凝效果。应进一步针对实际印染废水,考察其他污染物以及实际操作条件对混凝效果的影响,以优化改良复合混凝剂。     

Clay-sewage sludge co-pyrolysis. A TG-MS and Py-GC study on potential advantages afforded by the presence of clay in the pyrolysis of wastewater sewage sludge

Wastewater sewage sludge was co-pyrolyzed with a well characterized clay sample, in order to evaluate possible advantages in the thermal disposal process of solid waste. Characterization of the co-pyrolysis process was carried out both by thermogravimetric-mass spectrometric (TG-MS) analysis, and by reactor tests, using a lab-scale batch reactor equipped with a gas chromatograph for analysis of the evolved gas phase (Py-GC).Due to the presence of clay, two main effects were observed in the instrumental characterization of the process. Firstly, the clay surface catalyzed the pyrolysis reaction of the sludge, and secondly, the release of water from the clay, at temperatures of approx. 450-500 °C, enhanced gasification of part of carbon residue of the organic component of sludge following pyrolysis.Moreover, the solid residue remaining after pyrolysis process, composed of the inorganic component of sludge blended with clay, is characterized by good features for possible disposal by vitrification, yielding a vitreous matrix that immobilizes the hazardous heavy metals present in the sludge.