远安县农业后备资源评价及开发利用

人口膨涨、资源短缺是人类21世纪面临的两大难题,合理开发和利用农业后备资源缓解人口与资源矛盾的重要途径。笔者根据农业区划成果和农业后备资源调查资料,分析了远安县农业后备资源的现状及开发潜力,提出了农业后备资源开发利用的设想,并针对性地提出了措施及建议.     

资源利用强烈反差与农业发展

农业升温、再上新台阶的有效选择是农业资源的综合开发。鉴于目前我国农业资源利用中存在的强烈反差这一“基本国情”,在农业综合开发中必须充分认识强烈反差对农业发展的制约和价值,正确处理好内涵开发与外延开发、分散开发与规模开发、示范开发与区域开发之间的关系,并实现由粗放开发向集约开发、单一开发向多元开发、单向开发向双向开发的转变。     

辽西北部半干旱地区秸秆资源的开发与利用

通过对辽西北部半干旱地区秸秆资源的分析，提出了其开发与利用途径，为农业资源开发与利用提供了重要依据。     

宜昌县农业后备资源质量评价及其开发对策

农业生产活动的基础是资源。农业持续发展的后劲在哪里?无疑资源的合理利用是一个重要方面。本文从宜昌县的实际出发,对“农业后备资源”的数量、质量状况进行了研究,对开发策略进行了探讨。一、宜昌县农业后备资源的数量所谓农业后备资源,是可供开发利用而尚未利用的,能为人类造福的土地、水域、生物、气候、环境、信息、劳动力等资源的总称。后备资源是一个相对的概念,它将随着科学     

河北省待开发土地资源持续利用前景

持续合理利用待开发土地资源是发挥农业生产潜力和缓解人地矛盾的主要途径之一．本文在分析河北省待开发土地资源的开发条件基础上，提出了持续利用的前景和对策．     

两江源区农业资源及其开发

在分析长江和澜沧江源区流域农业资源状况及其开发潜力的基础上,探讨了农业资源开发的不利因素,论述了两江源区流域农业资源开发的意义,最后提出了农业资源开发利用的措施。     

开展待开发土地资源调查,为农业开发做好前期工作

广元市农业区划办公室在市农业区划委员会和国土局的领导下,把待开发土地资源调查及其评价,作为农业区域开发的前期重要基础工作,使开发前基础调查工作取得可喜的进展.他们针对前些年阶段性农业资源调查资料比较粗略,尤其是未利用土地的种类、分布、质量都不甚详尽,难以适应当前大规模农业开发形势的要求状况,拟定和开展了“广元市待开发土地资源调查及其评价”课题研究.旨在为全市的国土资源管理、农业区域开发规划的编制、土地开发项目储备和择优等方面提供准确可掌的基础依据.     

抢救和保护濒危野生植物已刻不容缓——2011年镇沅县农业野生植物资源调查报告

镇沅2011年农业野生植物资源初步调查结果表明：镇沅的自然环境条件对于农业野生植物的生存有先天优势，所调查物种中的绝大多数皆曾经大量存在并广泛生长，但现在存量极少已近于灭绝，濒危情况严峻，抢救和保护濒危野生植物已刻不容缓。调查搞清了造成农业野生植物濒危的主要原因，提出了保护与开发的方法、措施和意见。调查发现，农业野生植物中的绝大多数物种具有药用和保健功能，广泛被医药行业利用；镇沅利用开发农业野生植物资源发展生物医药的条件得天独厚，打造“云药之乡”，镇沅大有可为。     

开发山区资源,生产蜜饯食品

平昌县是以农业为主的山区县,农副产品、果、菜资源非常丰富。他们利用山区资源优势,开发蜜饯食品业,进行多层次深加工,为大力开发利用本地资源闯出了一条新路。平昌蜜饯食品厂现已建成蜜饯果脯、化工、S粘合剂等6个车间,生产出李、桔、梨、桃、胡萝卜、冬瓜、生姜等果、菜蜜     

黄土高原地区农业发展问题初探

黄土高原地区农业发展问题初探石忆邵（西北农业大学农经系．杨陵７１２１００）１开发、整治黄土高原的措施间题开发整治黄土高原的实质应是合理利用资源、繁荣区域经济、改善生态环境与控制人口增长。但长期以来，上地资源合理利用与水土保持的关系紊乱。水土保持是土地...     

元代自然资源的保护和利用探幽

元代1264年定都燕京后,为加强政治统治,在中原先进的农耕经济影响下,改变过去“逐水草而居”游牧经济的生产方式,在积极保护动、植物资源和合理开发利用土地、水资源等方面,采取了一些恢复和发展农业生产的举措。剖璞见玉,对今仍有史鉴作用。     

南充市农地资源可持续利用探讨

农地资源的可持续利用是实现农业可持续发展的基础.在分析南充市农地资源特点的基础上,阐述了农地利用中存在的主要问题,并就合理利用农地提出了农地资源可持续利用的主要原则、对策与措施.     

Forests and competing land uses in Kenya

Indigenous forests in Kenya, as in other developing countries, are under heavy pressure from competing agricultural land uses and from unsustainable cutting. The problem in Kenya is compounded by high population growth rates and an agriculturally based economy, which, even with efforts to control birth rates and industrialize, will persist into the next century. Both ecological and economic consequences of these pressures need to be considered in land-use decision making for land and forest management to be effective. This paper presents one way to combine ecological and economic considerations. The status of principal forest areas in Kenya is summarized and competing land uses compared on the basis of ecological functions and economic analysis. Replacement uses do not match the ecological functions of forest, although established stands of tree crops (forest plantations, fuel wood, tea) can have roughly comparable effects on soil and water resources. Indigenous forests have high, although difficult to estimate, economic benefits from tourism and protection of downstream agricultural productivity. Economic returns from competing land uses range widely, with tea having the highest and fuel wood plantations having returns comparable to some annual crops and dairying. Consideration of ecological and economic factors together suggests some trade-offs for improving land allocation decisions and several management opportunities for increasing benefits or reducing costs from particular land uses. The evaluation also suggests a general strategy for forest land management in Kenya.The views and interpretations expressed in this article are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the World Bank, its affiliated organizations, or any individual acting on their behalf.     

提高农业用水有效性的水文学研究

中国北方15个省、区、市耕地面积占全国的55%,灌溉面积占全国灌溉总面积的48%,而水资源总量仅占全国的20%。区域水资源短缺和农业的进一步发展,要求提高农业用水有效性。本文从水文学角度,研究了华北、西北和东北3个地区水土资源特征;分析了作物熟制和适水种植的节水效益、农田供水量与产量的函数关系、农田棵间蒸发量和控制措施,以及提高高产农田用水有效性等水文试验研究结果;介绍了河北省南皮节水农业试验区的研究模式。     

攀西地区农业开发条件、潜力与对策

攀西地区位于四川省的西南部,包括攀枝花市和凉山州的全部。幅员面积6.75万km~2,1988年末人口为437.3万人。攀西不仅矿产、水能资源举世瞩目,而且光热资源丰富,宜农荒地资源多,农业开发条件好、潜力大,是国家原材料、能源和农业开发的重点地区。本文拟就种植业为重点,对攀西农业开发条件、潜力和对策进行分析论证,以引起社会重视,使之尽快列为全国农业开发的重点区,进行先期开发。     

面向市场的小流域土地资源合理利用--以黄塔小流域为例

分析了小流域农业发展状况及立体结构,详细阐述了畜牧业和经济林市场,提出小流域合理利用土地资源的措施:调整农业产业结构,充分利用土地,搞好小流域综合立体开发,改良品种,实现农业产业化.     

吉林省城市化进程中土地资源的可持续利用分析

“十一五”期间,吉林省城市化稳步发展,但在快速城市化的同时,土地利用方面出现了一些问题.从城市化角度出发,研究吉林省城市化发展与土地利用之间的内在联系,认为其存在的农业大省与城市扩展中占用耕地矛盾并存、土地集约利用水平偏低且浪费现象严重、土地利用类型变更混乱、土地利用环境问题严重等问题,提出解决城市化进程中土地可持续利用的对策.     

Prospective changes in irrigation water requirements caused by agricultural expansion and climate changes in the eastern arc mountains of Kenya

Water resources and land use are closely linked with each other and with regional climate, assembling a very complex system. The understanding of the interconnecting relations involved in this system is an essential step for elaborating public policies that can effectively lead to the sustainable use of water resources. In this study, an integrated modelling framework was assembled in order to investigate potential impacts of agricultural expansion and climate changes on Irrigation Water Requirements (IWR) in the Taita Hills, Kenya. The framework comprised a land use change simulation model, a reference evapotranspiration model and synthetic precipitation datasets generated through a Monte Carlo simulation. In order to generate plausible climate change scenarios, outputs from General Climate Models were used as reference to perturbing the Monte Carlo simulations. The results indicate that throughout the next 20 years the low availability of arable lands in the hills will drive agricultural expansion to areas with higher IWR in the foothills. If current trends persist, agricultural areas will occupy roughly 60% of the study area by 2030. This expansion will increase by approximately 40% the annual water volume necessary for irrigation. Climate change may slightly decrease crops' IWR in April and November by 2030, while in May a small increase will likely be observed. The integrated assessment of these environmental changes allowed a clear identification of priority regions for land use allocation policies and water resources management.     

An integrated approach to modeling resource utilization for rural communities in developing countries

Resource consumption in developing countries has been the focus of a considerable amount of research. What has been understudied however, has been the feedback affects of resource consumption on resource availability to both households and communities. Heavy reliance on natural resources and intensive smallholder agriculture common to many rural communities in developing countries has forced people to fulfill short-term needs to the detriment of long-term ecological and livelihood sustainability. This paper introduces a conceptual framework to examine how individuals and households fulfill daily caloric needs and the aggregate effects on resource availability and consumption. Data were collected from a large number of published case studies of rural land-use dynamics, growth and yield models, and human livelihoods were reviewed from scientific journals, reports published by NGOs, and government reports. Using inputs defined by the user, the model tracks annual fuelwood and agricultural land use based on meeting individual energy demands. A case-study-based analysis was patterned after smallholder agriculturalists at the family and community level. Three scenarios are presented in this paper using data from Uganda to illustrate the application of this model.