海藻酸钠-刺槐豆胶复合凝胶珠吸附孔雀绿

以刺槐豆胶、海藻酸钠为材料制备复合凝胶珠，利用红外光谱、热重分析对其进行表征，探讨孔雀绿浓度、吸附时间及pH对复合凝胶珠吸附孔雀绿的影响。红外光谱和热重分析表明，复合凝胶珠制备成功且热稳定性介于刺槐豆胶和海藻酸钠之间。复合凝胶珠对孔雀绿的吸附在5h后达到平衡，pH=6为最佳吸附pH，相同条件下复合凝胶珠对孔雀绿的吸附作用优于活性炭，其对孔雀绿的吸附行为符合Freundlich吸附等温方程和颗粒内扩散模型。海藻酸钠一刺槐豆胶复合凝胶珠有望成为新的处理印染废水的吸附剂。     

海藻酸钠-刺槐豆胶复合凝胶珠吸附孔雀绿简

以刺槐豆胶、海藻酸钠为材料制备复合凝胶珠，利用红外光谱、热重分析对其进行表征，探讨孔雀绿浓度、吸附时间及pH对复合凝胶珠吸附孔雀绿的影响。红外光谱和热重分析表明，复合凝胶珠制备成功且热稳定性介于刺槐豆胶和海藻酸钠之间。复合凝胶珠对孔雀绿的吸附在5 h后达到平衡，pH=6为最佳吸附pH，相同条件下复合凝胶珠对孔雀绿的吸附作用优于活性炭，其对孔雀绿的吸附行为符合Freundlich吸附等温方程和颗粒内扩散模型。海藻酸钠-刺槐豆胶复合凝胶珠有望成为新的处理印染废水的吸附剂。     

海藻酸钠-聚氧化乙烯凝胶球去除废水中重金属离子的研究

研究了海藻酸钠浓度及固化时间对海藻酸钠-聚氧化乙烯(SA-PEO)凝胶球性能的影响以及采用SA-PEO凝胶球对溶液中3种重金属离子(Pb2 ,Cu2 、Cd2 )进行吸附实验的研究.结果表明,2.0%(质量分数)的SA溶液制成的凝胶球性能较好,固化时间对重金属去除率影响较小,但随着固化时间的增加,SA-PEO凝胶球的直径逐渐缩小,紧密程度和机械强度逐渐增加;在重金属离子溶液pH为4～6时,SA-PEO凝胶球对重金属离子去除率较高;SA-PEO凝胶球对不同重金属离子吸附效果为pb2 >Cu2 >Cd2 ;多种重金属离子共存使得SA-PEO凝胶球对Pb2 和Cd2 的吸附受一定程度的抑制,而对Cu2 吸附能力有所增强,说明SA-PEO凝胶球对重金属离子吸附有选择性;1.00 mol/L的HCl溶液对Pb2 的解吸效果较好,解吸再生后的SA-PEO凝胶球可以重复利用.     

制药工业发酵副产品磁性吸附剂吸附六价铬的研究

利用包埋法,以海藻酸钠和聚乙烯醇作为基质,制药工业发酵副产品主要为红色链霉菌菌体为吸附剂,与磁性纳米颗粒制备磁性吸附剂,对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水进行吸附研究。磁性吸附剂吸附饱和后,在外加磁场作用下迅速与液相分离。研究结果表明,在溶液pH为0~12,搅拌转速为0~200 r/min,温度变化范围在0~50℃的条件下,经过5个循环,吸附剂的形状,机械强度等性能均保持完好;优化的pH为2;最佳温度为25℃;吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型;吸附动力学过程符合Lagergren模型;经5次吸附-解吸附循环实验,磁性吸附剂对六价铬的吸附和解吸附能力均保持良好。     

铁-镧系合金氧化物污水除磷及再生

采用共沉淀法制备了系列铁-镧系合金氧化物并研究其除磷能力。结果表明:以铁、镧摩尔比为0.08的吸附剂除磷能力最强,吸附曲线适合Langmuir等温线方程。该吸附剂的吸附量受pH影响显著,pH在4.0~7.0之间时吸附量较大。进行了抗共存阴离子能力测试,结果表明CO2-3对磷吸附量影响较大,给出了共存阴离子对吸附量的影响顺序。对该吸附剂进行了真空高温再生,再生率最高可达62.27%。     

铁-锎系合金氧化物污水除磷及再生

采用共沉淀法制备了系列铁-镧系合金氧化物并研究其除磷能力。结果表明：以铁、镧摩尔比为0．08的吸附剂除磷能力最强，吸附曲线适合Langmuir等温线方程。该吸附剂的吸附量受pH影响显著，pH在4．0～7．0之间时吸附量较大。进行了抗共存阴离子能力测试，结果表明CO3 2-对磷吸附量影响较大，给出了共存阴离子对吸附量的影响顺序。对该吸附剂进行了真空高温再生，再生率最高可达62．27％。     

海藻酸钠-聚氧化乙烯包埋活性炭去除废水中铜离子的研究

研究了海藻酸钠(SA)-聚氧化乙烯(PEO)包埋活性炭制备凝胶球的最佳工艺。以铜离子去除率为指标,通过单因素试验和响应面分析试验,研究pH=9时,SA、PEO、活性炭及CaCl_2添加量对铜离子去除率的影响。试验得出凝胶球的最佳制备工艺:SA、PEO、CaCl_2和活性炭添加量分别为1.50%(质量分数,下同)、0.20%、6.00%、0.70%。利用最佳制备工艺下制备的凝胶球进行持续3 d的铜离子吸附试验,铜离子去除率达到95.57%。     

铁-镧系合金氧化物污水除磷及再生简

采用共沉淀法制备了系列铁-镧系合金氧化物并研究其除磷能力。结果表明：以铁、镧摩尔比为0.08的吸附剂除磷能力最强，吸附曲线适合Langmuir等温线方程。该吸附剂的吸附量受pH影响显著，pH在4.0~7.0之间时吸附量较大。进行了抗共存阴离子能力测试，结果表明CO₃^2-对磷吸附量影响较大，给出了共存阴离子对吸附量的影响顺序。对该吸附剂进行了真空高温再生，再生率最高可达62.27%。     

海藻酸钠包埋凹凸棒土颗粒吸附剂的制备及其对单宁酸的吸附

利用海藻酸钠和氯化钙成球原理,包埋制备有机凹凸棒土颗粒(GOAT)吸附剂,通过SEM图和红外谱图进行表征,通过批量实验考察了凹凸棒土颗粒吸附剂对水体天然有机质单宁酸的吸附行为,结果表明,凹凸棒土颗粒吸附剂内部形貌和粉体吸附剂(POAT)相比无明显变化;平衡吸附量(142 mg/g)稍低于粉体吸附剂(148 mg/g);吸附速率较快,100min时吸附趋于平衡,吸附行为符合准二级动力学方程;吸附等温线符合Freundlich等温方程,吸附为放热反应;p H为6时吸附性能最佳。     

羧甲基化壳聚糖/海藻酸钠凝胶的制备及其对阳离子染料的吸附研究

采用离子交联法制备羧甲基化壳聚糖/海藻酸钠(CM-CS/SA)凝胶,利用红外光谱、扫描电镜和热重分析仪对CM-CS/SA凝胶的结构和形貌进行表征。以CM-CS/SA凝胶为吸附剂对3种阳离子染料(亚甲基蓝、品红和结晶紫)进行吸附研究,考察了吸附时间、吸附剂用量、染料初始浓度和吸附温度对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,CM-CS/SA凝胶对3种阳离子染料的吸附过程可用准二级动力学方程和粒子内扩散方程表达,根据Langmuir等温吸附模型分析,该吸附体系属于单分子层吸附,CM-CS/SA凝胶对亚甲基蓝、品红和结晶紫的最大吸附容量分别为2.50、3.17、1.78mg/g。     

Adsorption of Cu and Mn on covalently cross-linked alginate gel beads

The covalently cross-linked alginate gel beads were prepared by the reactions of Ca(2+)-doped alginate gel beads, which were formed by spraying a viscous alginate solution into a calcium chloride solution, with cyanogen bromide and following 1,6-diaminohexane. The cross-linking of alginate matrix decreased the mean bead diameter by about 30% and made the beads durable in some extent under alkaline conditions. The adsorption of metal ions on the covalently cross-linked alginate gel beads was rapid and reached at equilibrium within 30 min at 25 degrees C. Adsorption isotherms of Cu(II), Mn(II), and Ca2+ on the beads possessed a stepwise shape, which was firstly determined by Rorrer et al. [Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 32 (1993) 2170] for cross-linked chitosan gel beads and explained by a pore-blockage mechanism. Higher selectivity was determined against Cu(II) over Mn(II) and Ca2+, especially at a low concentration region. These metal adsorption profiles for the covalently cross-linked alginate gel beads was almost the same as those for the un-cross-linked beads, indicating that the cross-linking reactions were performed without interfering the adsorption characteristics of alginate gel beads.     

Preparation of alginate-chitosan hybrid gel beads and adsorption of divalent metal ions

Naturally occurring polysaccharides such as alginic acid and chitosan have been recognized as one of the most effective adsorbents to eliminating low levels of heavy metal ions from waste water stream. The present study intended to use alginic acid and chitosan simultaneously, which are expected to form a rigid matrix structure of beads due to electrostatic interaction between carboxyl groups on alginic acid and amino groups on chitosan, and to prepare alginate-chitosan hybrid gel beads. This could be achieved for the first time by using water-soluble chitosan, which was obtained by deacetylating chitin to 36-39% degree. The water-soluble chitosan dissolved in water could remain in solution in the presence of sodium alginate, and the homogeneous solution of chitosan and alginate was dispensed into a CuCl2 solution to give gel bead particles. The resultant beads were then reinforced by a cross-linking reaction of aldehyde groups on glutaraldehyde with amine groups on the chitosan. The cross-linking reaction made the beads durable under acidic conditions. The adsorption of Cu(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) on the beads was significantly rapid and reached at equilibrium within 10 min at 25 degrees C. Adsorption isotherms of the metal ions on the beads exhibited Freundlich and/or Langmuir behavior, contrary to gel beads either of alginate or chitosan showing a step-wise shape of adsorption isotherm.     

固定化菌藻系统对污水处理厂出水的深度处理

将海藻酸钠固定化活性污泥和小球藻制成颗粒小球,以自制的流化床反应器对重庆市某污水处理厂出水进行深度处理,探讨了系统对氨氮、TP、COD的去除效果,实验结果表明:在HRT=12 h,溶解氧浓度为3.0 mg/L左右,pH值为6.2至8.0之间,环境室温条件下,系统对氨氮、TP、COD均有较好的去除效果,系统稳定运行后对氨氮、TP、COD去除率基本维持在60%、60%和30%以上,出水氨氮、TP、COD浓度基本维持在8、0.5和40 mg/L以下,出水浓度达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)的一级A标准。这项研究显示固定化菌藻胶球系统在污水处理厂出水的深度处理中具有潜在的应用前景。     

Optimisation of decolourisation and degradation of Reactive Black 5 dye under electro-Fenton process using Fe alginate gel beads

The aim of this work was to improve the ability of the electro-Fenton process using Fe alginate gel beads for the remediation of wastewater contaminated with synthetic dyes and using a model diazo dye such as Reactive Black 5 (RB5). Batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of main parameters, such as voltage, pH and iron concentration. Dye decolourisation, reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and energy consumption were studied. Central composite face-centred experimental design matrix and response surface methodology were applied to design the experiments and to evaluate the interactive effects of the three studied parameters. A total of 20 experimental runs were set, and the kinetic data were analysed using first-order and second-order models. In all cases, the experimental data were fitted to the empirical second-order model with a suitable degree for the maximum decolourisation of RB5, COD reduction and energy consumption by electro-Fenton–Fe alginate gel beads treatment. Working with the obtained empirical model, the optimisation of the process was carried out. The second-order polynomial regression model suggests that the optimum conditions for attaining maximum decolourisation, COD reduction and energy consumption are voltage, 5.69 V; pH 2.24 and iron concentration, 2.68 mM. Moreover, the fixation of iron on alginate beads suggests that the degradation process can be developed under this electro-Fenton process in repeated batches and in a continuous mode.     

三氯生在碳纳米管上的吸附

药品和个人护理用品(PPCPs)已成为一个引起广泛关注的新的环境问题。采用碳纳米管（CNTs）对水溶液中的三氯生进行吸附处理，考察了碳纳米管粒径及用量、温度、pH、振荡时间等因素对三氯生去除率的影响。研究结果表明，碳纳米管能快速吸附水中的三氯生，粒径较小的碳纳米管可获得较高的三氯生去除率；低温有利于吸附反应的进行；pH在6.5～7.0时，三氯生的去除率可达97%。三氯生在碳纳米管上的吸附可以很好地用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程进行描述。     

固定化菌藻微球的制备、表征及其对富营养化湖水的修复

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和海藻酸钠(SA)为主要包埋材料,以活性炭、SiO2和CaCO3作添加剂,采用普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)和活性污泥制备固定化菌藻微球。采用正交实验对微球的制备条件进行了优化,并对最优化条件下制得的微球进行了表征,还考察了固定化菌藻微球对某富营养化湖水的修复效果。结果表明,固定化菌藻微球的最优化制备条件为:PVA用量10%(m/v),微生物包埋量15 mL,海藻酸钠用量0.6%(m/v),氯化钙浓度2.0%(m/v)。制得的微球具有较大的比表面积,内部呈网状结构,孔径分布均匀,中孔居多,适合小球藻和微生物生长。采用固定化菌藻微球可有效修复上述湖泊的实际富营养化湖水,微球可重复使用3~4个循环,在前4个循环中,每个循环历时96 h,TN平均去除率达80%以上;TP平均去除率达90%以上;COD平均去除率达85%以上,表明固定化菌藻微球在富营养化湖水的修复方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

粉末活性炭对三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯的吸附性能简

用静态吸附法考察粉末活性炭对水中三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯（CAIC）的吸附行为，采用单因素分析法对活性炭吸附化工废水中TAIC的工艺条件进行研究。实验结果表明，在TAIC模拟废水中，其TAIC初始浓度为800 mg/L，pH为7，在温度为298 K、转速为150 r/min的条件下，当活性炭的投加量达到4.4 g/L，吸附反应时间为50 min时，TAIC的去除效率最高为96.17%；对于实际废水，其TAIC初始浓度为1 500 mg/L，溶液pH为3，在温度为298 K、转速为150 r/min的条件下，当活性炭投加量达到10 g/L，吸附反应时间为2 h时，TAIC的去除效率最高为46.8%。这也是由于实际废水组分复杂，其他有机物存在一定的吸附竞争机制。     

Electro-Fenton decolourisation of dyes in an airlift continuous reactor using iron alginate beads

In this study, electro-Fenton dye degradation was performed in an airlift continuous reactor configuration by harnessing the catalytic activity of Fe alginate gel beads. Electro-Fenton experiments were carried out in an airlift reactor with a working volume of 1.5 L, air flow of 1.5 L/min and 115 g of Fe alginate gel beads. An electric field was applied by two graphite bars connected to a direct current power supply with a constant potential drop. In this study, Lissamine Green B and Reactive Black 5 were selected as model dyes. Fe alginate gel beads can be used as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the degradation of organic dyes in the electro-Fenton process, as they are more efficient than the conventional electrochemical techniques. At optimal working conditions (3 V and pH 2), the continuous process was performed. For both dyes, the degree of decolourisation increases when the residence time augments. Taking into account hydrodynamic and kinetic behaviour, a model to describe the reactor profile was obtained, and the standard deviation between experimental and theoretical data was lower than 6 %. The results indicate the suitability of the electro-Fenton technique to oxidise polluted effluents in the presence of Fe alginate gel beads. Moreover, the operation is possible in a continuous airlift reactor, due to the entrapment of iron in the alginate matrix.