谷氨酸晶体分离工艺研究

采用以浅层理论制作的固液分离器对味精生产中的谷氨酸废液和结晶母液进行分离，可加强对细粒级谷氨酸晶体的回收。其分离直径可达12μm。分离效率优于传统的滑槽工艺。     

预处理青霉菌（Penicilium sp.）吸附活性艳红的研究

为研究生物吸附剂青霉菌(Penicilium sp.)对染料活性艳红X-3B的吸附性能,考察了菌体预处理方法、溶液初始pH值、盐度等因素对生物吸附的影响,并对吸附机理进行了探讨.结果表明,在选取的预处理方法中,酸处理的菌体吸附效果要优于碱和盐处理.在染料质量浓度为50 mg/L时,经硝酸处理的菌体吸附效果最好,比原菌体的吸附效果提高了40%以上.试验发现改变硝酸的浓度对菌体吸附效果影响不大.硝酸处理菌体的时间越长,达到吸附平衡所需的时间越短.低浓度的NaCl有利于菌体对染料的吸附.体系中50 mg/L的Pb2 或Zn2 对吸附活性艳红有一定的促进作用.对硝酸处理菌体过程中的金属离子和pH值分析表明,菌体吸附了大量的H ,同时有K 和Mg2 释放.对菌体进行红外光谱分析表明,预处理的菌体在酰胺Ⅰ、酰胺Ⅱ和酰胺Ⅲ吸附峰处明显比原菌体增强,表明菌体主要吸附位点可能是氨基,在酸性条件下对染料以静电吸附为主.     

酸处理青霉菌对活性艳红X-3B的吸附动力学和热力学研究

采用青霉菌菌体作为吸附剂对染料活性艳红X-3B进行吸附研究,考察了染料的初始质量浓度、pH值和温度对菌体吸附能力的影响,并探讨了吸附动力学和热力学特性.结果表明,经硝酸处理后的菌体吸附能力明显增强,在pH值为3时,吸附量达到最大. 吸附过程可用准二级动力学方程来表达,平衡时吸附量的计算值和实验值吻合很好,相关系数可达0.999 8. 硝酸处理的菌体对活性艳红的吸附等温线可用Langmuir方程表达.当温度为25 ℃、30 ℃、35 ℃、40 ℃时,饱和吸附量分别为250.0 mg/g、322.6 mg/g、400 mg/g、416.7 mg/g.温度升高,吸附量增大,表明该吸附反应是吸热反应.根据热力学函数关系计算出ΔH＝35.13 kJ/mol,ΔS＝125.17 J/(mol·K),ΔG为-2.13～-4.03 kJ/mol,表明菌体对活性艳红的吸附是自发过程.     

不同条件对光合细菌沉降性的影响

光合细菌(PSB)法能够同时实现废水处理和菌体资源回收再利用,然而PSB菌体细胞自然沉降困难,不能很好地进行固液分离,限制了其广泛的应用。研究了不同环境因素对PSB菌体生长量和沉降效率的影响。结果表明,在接种量为20%、初始pH值为8.5、温度为30℃、光照强度为5 000 lux和厌氧光照静置培养时,PSB的最大沉降效率为84.78%,比对照实验提高了70%。其中,初始pH值、光照强度和培养方式的影响最为显著。     

高透湿性生物防护服的研制

通过四种不同的方法制备了生物防护复合面料，通过基本性能测试选取了最优方案。将以聚四氟乙稀复合膜为中间层的复合面料进行了综合性能测试，将其制成连体式防护服，并对防护服的整体性能进行了测试。结果表明：该复合面料具有优良的生物防护性和透湿性，防护服结构合理。     

杂色云芝漆酶和发酵液降解对苯二酚研究

测定和分析了杂色云芝漆酶和杂色云芝发酵液对对苯二酚的降解反应.通过对不同底物质量浓度下杂色云芝漆酶酶学反应动力学特征分析,求得漆酶Lac A对对苯二酚的酶反应动力学方程V=1.52Cs/(16.55 Cs)和底物抑制反应速率方程γs=1.02/(1 12.86/Cs Cs/137.17).发酵液对对苯二酚的降解反应进程符合一级反应动力学方程lnC=-kt 6,发酵液对对苯二酚的降解反应动力学基本符合Michelis-Menten酶学反应动力学方程Vf=1.77Cs/(3.63 Cs),研究表明Lac A与发酵液对对苯二酚的酶学反应动力学具有较大的相似性,也存在着底物抑制现象,其底物抑制的动力学方程为γs'=1.40/(1 5.75/Cs Cs/278.26).比较漆酶纯酶Lac A和发酵液对对苯二酚反应的Km和Vmax数值,发现杂色云芝发酵液Km较小而Vmax数值较大,说明发酵液较漆酶纯酶具有更高的底物亲和力和催化效率.     

奇球菌(Deinococcus radiodurans)吸附U(Ⅵ)的试验研究

为了探讨奇球菌对铀的吸附特性,研究了pH值、吸附时间、菌体浓度、铀起始浓度和预处理奇球菌对铀吸附的影响,并考察了菌体上铀的解吸作用.结果表明,在pH值为4.0时,吸附量最大;30 min吸附基本达到平衡;吸附量与菌体浓度负相关,与铀起始浓度正相关,吸附量最大可达126.27 mg/g.经乙醇预处理的菌体,其吸附量有所上升.解吸试验表明,0.5 mol/L Na2CO3对铀的解吸率可达93.15%.与Langmuir吸附模型相比,奇球菌对U(Ⅵ)的吸附更符合Freundlich吸附等温式.     

硅藻土/钢渣复合吸附材料的制备及表征分析

采用硅藻土和钢渣为基材进行复配,制备出的复合吸附材料具有良好的除磷性能。最佳制备条件为:硅藻土与钢渣的质量比为5∶5,黏结材料、致孔材料占混合物质量分别为20%,8%,制备烧结温度及时间分别确定为为700℃和120 min。通过扫面电镜和显微镜,对基材和复合吸附材料的微观结构进行分析和对比,复合吸附材料表面和内部结构中出现了明显的孔隙,有利于吸附反应的进行。FITR分析结果显示,硅藻土与钢渣作为基材,均参与了制备反应。     

基于风量-风压复合特征的通风系统阻变型故障诊断

为了避免风量单一特征进行故障位置诊断的不适定性，提出基于风量-风压复合特征的故障位置诊断方法，实现特征信息的多维互补，提高故障位置诊断的准确度。利用蒙特卡洛方法生成大致满足实际故障风阻值分布的故障仿真样本，为了避免不同变量之间不同量纲、不同数量级造成的数据损失，对原始风量、风压数据进行标准化处理，并分别以风量单一特征、风压单一特征、风量-风压复合特征作为支持向量机（SVM）的输入，构建通风系统阻变型故障位置诊断模型。通过故障模拟实验研究表明:风量、风压单一特征进行故障位置诊断的准确度分别为89.80%，90.34%，风量-风压复合特征进行故障位置诊断的准确度为98.23%，说明风量-风压复合特征进行故障诊断可以消除风量、风压单一特征进行故障诊断的不适定性，提高故障诊断的准确度。     

高效复合菌在木薯酒精废液处理中的应用研究

对酒精废液生物处理反应器内颗粒污泥中的微生物进行分离纯化.分离出的8株高效优势菌,初步鉴定结果:1号为皮杆菌属;2号为棒杆菌属;3号、4号为微小杆菌属;5号为乳杆菌属;6号为纤维单胞菌属;7号为丙酸杆菌属;8号为红长命菌属.对8种纯化后的菌株进行混合培养,确定了复合菌群生长最佳培养温度为37℃,最适pH值为6.8.在处理过程中投加适量葡萄糖、硝酸铵和微量元素能够提高复合菌群的处理效果.最佳添加量为:葡萄糖0.5g/L,硝酸铵1g/L,Fe2 5mg/L和Ca2 25mg/L.在日处理量100 m3的UASB生物反应器中投加该复合菌群后,木薯酒精废液的COD去除率明显提高,达到90%以上.处理系统运行稳定.     

旋转填充床强化吸收模拟烟气中NO的研究

旋转填充床(RPB)是一种新兴、高效的气液传质设备。以H_2O_2、NaOH及H_2O_2+NaOH复合溶液作为吸收液,采用旋转填充床对含NO模拟烟气的吸收过程进行试验,考察了PRB的转速、气液比对超重力旋转填充床强化传质性能的影响,不同种类的吸收液及浓度、吸收反应时间对脱除低浓度NO效率的影响,以及吸收产物的种类及分布。结果表明,当超重力旋转填充床的转速为900 r/min、气液比为5∶1时,以0.8 mol/L H_2O_2为吸收液的NO脱除率为38%;以0.01 mol/L NaOH为吸收液的NO脱除率为34%;以0.03 mol/L NaOH和0.4 mol/L H_2O_2为复合吸收液时,NO脱除率达95%,NO被吸收后的产物为硝酸根和亚硝酸根离子,成分简单,经简单处理可制成工业原料,直接回收利用。     

A Non-Wetting Packed Bed Gas Scrubber

The operation of a small-scale packed column working under non-wetting condition was investigated to provide insight and design data for the subsequent development of a liquid metal irrigated packed bed gas scrubber. An 8 cm internal diameter Perspex column was used, packed with 9.5 mm polyethylene spheres and 10.0 mm glass spheres coated with paraffin wax. A counter-current air–water system was used. The packings well all essentially hydrophobic promoting a non-wetting water flow condition, simulating liquid metal flow on solid packings. Results on flow visualization, flooding capacity and liquid holdup trends, as well as the particulate removal performance of the non-wetting packed bed scrubber are presented in this paper. The maximum water droplet size on the non-wettable spherical packing surface could be estimated from the static equilibrium of a pendent droplet, governed by surface tension and gravitational force. The flooding capacity and liquid holdup trends of the water-irrigated packed column operating under non-wetting condition were found to be similar to those reported for liquid metal systems despite the pronounced differences in liquid density and surface tension. This suggests that the hydrodynamics of a packed column in non-wetting operation are largely influenced by the liquid–solid contact angle which overrides the dissimilarities in liquid physical properties. Good particulate removal performance was demonstrated by the non-wetting packed bed scrubber.     

石灰浆液荷电喷雾烟气脱硫模型与试验

荷电喷雾烟气脱硫技术是在喷雾湿法烟气脱硫基础上引入荷电效应,使之在较低的喷雾量下获得较高的脱硫效率.为了研究其脱硫机理,以实验室小试装置为基础,从气液传质人手对雾滴传质过程进行简化,考虑静电场中雾滴所受的库仑力与极化力,利用双膜理论建立荷电喷雾烟气脱硫过程的数学模型,对脱硫效率进行预测与分析.模型计算及实验结果表明,模...     

液体石蜡乳化液的制备及对甲苯废气的吸收性能研究

以液体石蜡和水制备乳化液,以制备的乳化液吸收甲苯废气。考察了制备乳化液时油水质量比、乳化剂的质量分数、HLB值(亲水亲油平衡值)、乳化时间、乳化温度的选择及Tween 80、正辛醇、NaCl、Na2SO4对甲苯吸收效果的影响。结果表明,室温下油水质量比为7∶3,乳化剂质量分数为7%,HLB值为10,乳化时间为0.5 h时制备的乳化液稳定性最好。试验条件下乳化液对甲苯的初始吸收率可达96.53%,增加Tween 80的量和添加正辛醇能提高乳化液的吸收效果,添加NaCl和Na2SO4则降低乳化液对甲苯的吸收能力。     

Removal of Zn and Ni by adsorption in a fixed bed of wheat straw

Zn⁺² and Ni⁺² in a solution were removed by biosorption in a fixed bed of wheat straw Triticum aestivum. The removal rate and the mass transfer coefficient for Zn⁺² and Ni⁺² were found to be proportional to the liquid superficial velocity to the power of 0.31 for the range of the particle Reynolds number from 18 to 445 (equivalent liquid rates of 0.00070–0.0175 m³ m⁻² s⁻¹). This agrees well with reported literature for mass transfer in a packed bed of solid particles under a laminar flow regime. Effect of the solution pH, temperature and the particle size (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 in.) on biosorption of Zn⁺² and Ni⁺² was also investigated. Biosorption of both Zn⁺² and Ni⁺² increased significantly with the solution pH from 4.0 to 7.0. On the other hand, Zn⁺² and Ni⁺² removal appeared to be insensitive to liquid temperature from 25 to 30 °C. Nevertheless, a 25% increase in the percentage removal of metal ions was observed with further increase of liquid temperature from 30 to 35 °C. However, the biosorbent particle size did not seem to have a systematic effect on the biosorption of Zn⁺² and Ni⁺². In addition, biosorption of Zn⁺² was not affected considerably by co-adsorption of the bimetal solution while biosorption of Ni⁺² decreased about 14%.     

A~2/O联合臭氧污泥减量技术的改造研究

研究了臭氧化污泥减量技术联合A~2/O、倒置A~2/O与传统A~2/O在出水和污泥产率上的变化。结果表明,臭氧化A~2/O、臭氧化倒置A~2/O的出水与传统A~2/O相比未出现恶化,它们对COD和含氮物质的去除率分别为87.4%,53.7%和93%,66.5%,存在倒置A~2/O对臭氧混合液中有机质及含氮物质的利用率较A~2/O高的可能。试验按每克SS投加0.05 g O_3对A2/O与倒置A~2/O产生的约60%剩余污泥处理时,在短期内未造成出水磷含量的大幅升高,并且出水磷含量受臭氧混合液DO、二沉池底部DO的影响,两系统的污泥产率分别较传统A~2/O降低50%,56%。     

碱性蚀刻废液的综合利用

介绍了利用含铜蚀刻废液回收铜的生产工艺、技术特点、工艺流程和产品质量. 研究了沉淀母液中残余铜的除去方法,使之再生,可回用于碱性蚀刻液的生产.碱性蚀刻废液的综合利用对于资源节约与环境保护都具有重要意义.     

表面活性剂应用于湍球塔除尘的实验研究

选取十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)作为表面活性剂并配置成吸收液,采用水-空气-填料球作为介质对湍球塔进行烟气除尘实验,重点研究了表面活性剂浓度、喷淋量、塔内风速和入口粉尘浓度等因素对除尘效率的影响。实验结果表明,水中添加0.05%的十二烷基苯磺酸钠后,当塔内风速为1.5～1.9 m/s,入口含尘质量浓度为5 g/m3,喷水量为5～7 L/min时,系统的除尘效率超过99.0%。     

一株对硫磷降解菌的诱变复壮研究

从长期施用对硫磷的土壤中筛选分离出1株能以对硫磷为唯一C源的菌株D10,研究微生物对有机磷农药的降解作用.鉴定表明,D10为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter sp.)微生物,该菌株对农药对硫磷的最大耐受质量浓度为1 800 mg/L,但D10对农药对硫磷的降解率仅为25%.本文通过D10诱变复壮试验提高对硫磷降解率,结果表明,经紫外线(18 W)辐照10 s后,D10对农药对硫磷降解率提高至49.1%; 用0.8%盐酸羟胺溶液振荡处理30 min后,降解率为69.6%; 用60%土壤浸出液振荡培养48 h后,降解率为53.9%.对D10进行上述条件下的复合诱变,对硫磷降解率可达到82.8%.高效降解菌的选育为提高微生物对农药的降解奠定了基础.此外,通过改进有机磷农药萃取的前处理方法,使紫外分光光度法检测简便、精确,与气相色谱法检测结果拟合较好,具有一定实用价值.     

Hydrogen sulphide removal from landfill gas

Control of odours should be considered to be a fundamental issue in order to site, design and manage sanitary landfills. With regard to construction and demolition (C&;D) debris, landfilling was the mainly adopted solution in many European Countries; in particular, gypsum drywalls can produce high concentrations of hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) in landfill gas ranging from 7 ppm to 100 ppm. In some cases also dangerous concentrations until to 12,000 ppm were detected. In this paper H₂S removal efficiency in a lab-scale vertical packed scrubber was investigated. Hydrogen sulphide abatement was evaluated for inlet H₂S concentrations of 1000–100–10 ppm, adjusting scrubbing liquid pH in the range 9–12.5 by means of caustic soda (NaOH 2N solution). Moreover, best operating conditions for the system were defined as well as H₂S abatement along the tower and liquid recirculation effectiveness in case of inlet H₂S concentration of 10 ppm (typical odour concentration). Results showed that pH of 11.5 in scrubbing liquid could be considered the best value for removal of different inlet H₂S concentrations, also taking into account parasitical consumption of NaOH due to CO₂ absorption. Moreover, in case of continuous working of the system at H₂S concentration of 10 ppm, strong removal efficiency was already obtained with a packed bed height of about 70 cm. Significant performances were ensured after 1 h of constant activity, consuming about 3 ml of soda per cubic meter of polluted air. Subsequently liquid blowdown was necessary.