废电线缆再生铜资源化处理技术评述

我国再生铜产业已经成为中国有色金属工业的重要组成部分,极大地缓解了我国原生铜矿产资源不足的矛盾。我国废杂铜主要来源于国内回收和国外进口。进口含铜废料中,以回收铜为主的废电线电缆,约占进口总量的2/3。随着电子信息等科技产业的迅猛发展,废电线电缆再生铜资源化技术受到越来越多的关注。目前资源化综合利用废电线电缆的主要技术有机械处理技术、热回收处理技术、化学处理技术、低温冷冻处理技术、超声波分离回收技术和高压水射流回收技术。综述了各种方法和工艺的特点以及技术研究现状。     

废杂铜回收利用工艺技术现状及展望

随着社会经济的发展,铜生产和消费的矛盾日益突出。废杂铜作为一种再生资源,其回收利用不仅能够缓解我国铜矿资源缺乏的现状,而且也符合国家当前节能减排和环保的要求。概述了废杂铜的回收分类和生产工艺技术现状,并对今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

简讯

再生铜杆业标准有望出台多数或出局再生铜杆行业标准目前已由专家委员会审核通过,并送交工信部,行业标准有望近期出台。该标准和世界先进水平同步,业内只有少数几家企业达标,多数或出局。由于废杂铜直接生产精炼铜杆有很好的经济效益,因此近年来该行业发展十分迅速。据上海有色网(SMM)了解,目前国内以废杂铜为原料生产铜杆的生产线超过80条,每年有     

单液型酸性铜蚀刻液的循环再生与铜回收新工艺开发

PCB生产过程中的蚀刻液在使用后会产生大量的铜废水,若直接排放不仅会造成严重的资源浪费,还会带来严重的环境污染。因此,对蚀刻液进行循环再生及铜回收是一项节约成本、降低污染的措施。传统的蚀刻液循环再生及铜回收工艺一般采用双液型酸性蚀刻液,且工艺回收利用效果不足,资源浪费严重。本工艺设计采用单液型酸性蚀刻液作为生产线蚀刻液,利用隔膜电解技术对废蚀刻液进行循环再生及铜回收,通过对生产线中ORP值(氧化还原电位)和铜含量比重进行监控,对不同ORP值废蚀刻液进行电解处理和调配,可直接循环再生回到生产线形成再生液。该项工艺设计中设定蚀刻液的工作ORP值为480～600 mv,铜含量比重为1.25～1.35。通过实验检测提铜处理前的蚀刻液铜含量为55 050 mg/kg,提铜处理后的蚀刻液铜含量为7 551 mg/kg,铜回收率达到86.28%。该工艺不仅有效提高了工作效率和废液循环再生利用,降低环境污染,而且具有重要的理论与应用价值。     

废聚酯瓶的回收和再生利用

概述了我国废聚酯(PET)瓶的回收现状,总结了化学法和物理法回收废PET瓶的方法,介绍了欧美国家研究开发的废PET瓶再生利用新技术,分析了我国废PET瓶再生利用存在的问题。建议政府职能部门充分发挥自己的作用,通过制定相关的政策和法规,鼓励企业用循环经济的思维来开展废PET瓶的再生利用工作。     

国外有关再生原材料利用情况综述

回顾了近年一些国外发达国家再生原材料使用水平日益提高的整体趋势和法规要求,再生产品管理的目标和措施,以及废钢铁、废有色金属的回收利用情况,旨在推动我国再生原材料推广使用。     

氧化还原法处理有机硅废触体

有机硅是以硅氧为主链 ( - O- Si- O- )的半无机高分子化合物。在其生产中未反应硅粉和催化剂的混合物称为废触体 ,主要成分为硅粉、铜、碳和水等。目前 ,国外生产 1 0 0 kg有机氯硅烷产生废触体3.5 kg,且得到了很好的治理 ,而我国则为 1 0～ 1 1kg,尚未得到妥善处理。国内年产废触体约 1 40 0 t,若能回收利用 ,有着可观的经济效益和社会效益。针对这种情况我们对某厂的废触体的处理进行了研究。有机硅废触体的处理方法主要有 :( 1 )氧化还原法回收单质铜 ;( 2 )利用废触体合成苯基单体 ;( 3)回收二价铜盐 ;( 4 )利用硅粉合成四氯化硅。由…     

关于我国废干电池再生利用技术研究的几点思考

对我国废干电池再生利用技术研究提出了几点看法,认为我国废干电池再生利用技术既要注意环境无害化、资源化,还要考虑产业化和适应性问题,使我们的技术既有高的技术含量又符合我国国情.     

关于遏制废旧铅酸蓄电池环境污染现象的建议

近几年,我国废旧铅酸蓄电池的回收处理工作取得了很大进展,但由于各种原因引起的环境污染现象仍触目惊心.回收处理废旧铅酸蓄电池提取再生铅,与原生铅相比更节能环保,符合资源回收和循环利用法则.但目前回收和处理市场很不规范,存在严重的环境污染问题,着重讨论用政策引导的方式规范废旧铅酸蓄电池回收处理市场,实现资源节约和环境保护的双重目的.     

生活垃圾分类背景下对广州市废玻璃回收利用的思考

废玻璃是一种载能节能、低碳环保、可重复利用和再生利用的再生资源,广州市通过补贴政策、两网融合等手段,促进废玻璃回收利用,随着生活垃圾分类纵深推进,为了进一步提高废玻璃回收利用,从废玻璃回收利用现状入手,对比了北京、上海生活垃圾中废弃玻璃的占比情况,针对目前存在问题,提出废玻璃回收利用分析与建议。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyols and Polyurethane Foams from PET Waste and Crude Glycerol

In this study, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste from post-consumer soft-drink bottles and crude glycerol from the biodiesel industry were used for the preparation of polyols and polyurethane foams. PET waste was firstly depolymerized by the glycolysis of diethylene glycol. The glycolyzed PET oligomers were then reacted with crude glycerol at different weight ratios to produce polyols via a series of reactions, such as esterification, transesterification, condensation, and polycondensation. The polyols were characterized by titration, viscometry, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and differential scanning calorimetry. Subsequently, polyurethane (PU) foams were made via the reaction between the produced polyols and polymeric methylene-4,4′-diphenyl diisocyanate and were characterized by mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Polyols from crude glycerol and their PU foams were also prepared to compare properties with those of polyols and PU foams from PET and crude glycerol. The influence of aromatic segments existing in glycolyzed PET and glycerol content on the properties of the polyols and PU foams was investigated. It was found that aromatic segments of polyols from glycolyzed PET helped increase their molecular weights and improve thermal stability of PU foams, while high glycerol content in polyols increased the hydroxyl number of polyols and the density and compressive strength of PU foams.     

电厂建设运行中的水土流失预测与水土保持设计

在燃煤电厂建设运行的同时,将引起一系列的水土流失问题.以四川国电金堂电厂二期扩建工程为例,简要说明项目区水土流失预测的内容和方法,并在其基础上对可能产生的水土流失和危害进行了分析,同时介绍了建设期和运行期采取的综合防治措施,为类似工程的水土保持提供借鉴.     

磷对环境的污染及防治对策

我国水体富营养化严重，其主要控制因子是磷。在分析磷污染的污染状况，污染源的基础上，介绍了防治对策，采用低磷循环冷却水处理剂，减少磷排放，是防止工业磷污染的有效方法。     

Pyrolysis of virgin and waste polypropylene and its mixtures with waste polyethylene and polystyrene

A comparison of waste and virgin polypropylene (PP) plastics under slow pyrolysis conditions is presented. Moreover, mixtures of waste PP with wastes of polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) were pyrolyzed under the same operating conditions. Not only the impact of waste on degradation products but also impacts of the variations in the mixing ratio were investigated. The thermogravimetric weight loss curves and their derivatives of virgin and waste PP showed differences due to the impurities which are dirt and food residues. The liquid yield distribution concerning the aliphatic, mono-aromatic and poly-aromatic compounds varies as the ratio of PP waste increases in the waste plastic mixtures. In addition to this, the alkene/alkane ratio of gas products shows variations depending on the mixing ratio of wastes.     

北京市居民衣服消费处置及对其回收利用认识调查与分析

首先对北京市居民每年购买新衣服的数量、支出、穿着时间、淘汰原因,以及闲置衣服的处理方式、数量等进行了调查与分析,然后对北京市居民对旧衣物回收利用的认识、回收形式及其处理方式,对旧衣物如何处理回收、再利用的担忧,对希望旧衣物回收箱摆放的场所等进行了调查与分析。其研究结果对废旧纺织品回收体系建设、制度及政策制定具有一定的参考价值。     

Photo-oxidation and Photo-toxicity of Crude and Refined Oils

The fate and effects of an oil spill are effected by solar radiation through the action of photo-oxidation and photo-toxicity. Photo-oxidation, an important process in the weathering of oil, produces a variety of oxidized compounds, including aliphatic and aromatic ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, esters, epoxides, sulfoxides, sulfones, phenols, anhydrides, quinones and aliphatic and aromatic alcohols. Some of these compounds contribute to the marine biota toxicity observed after an oil spill. Photo-toxicity occurs when uptake of certain petroleum compounds, e.g. certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzothiophenes, is followed by solar exposure which results in much greater toxicity than after dark uptake. The mechanism of PAH photo-toxicity includes absorbance of solar radiation by the PAH which produces a free radical and this free radical in turn reacts with oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA and other cellular macromolecules. While most studies on photo-toxicity have been carried out in the laboratory, there are studies showing that water from an oil spill is photo-toxic to bivalve embryos for at least a few days after the spill. Other studies have found that oil contaminated sediments are photo-toxic to several marine invertebrates. More studies are required to determine if marine fauna at an oil spill site are effected by the action of photo-toxicity and photo-oxidation.     

Novel and innovative pyrolysis and gasification technologies for energy efficient and environmentally sound MSW disposal

Within the context of European Union (EU) energy policy and sustainibility in waste management, recent EU regulations demand energy efficient and environmentally sound disposal methods of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Currently, landfill with its many drawbacks is the preferred option in the EU and many other industrialised countries. Within the waste management hierarchy thermal disposal especially incineration is a viable and proven alternative. But, the dominating method, mass-burn grate incineration has drawbacks as well particularly hazardous emissions and harmful process residues. In recent years, pyrolysis and gasification technologies have emerged to address these issues and improve the energy output. To keep the many players in the field comprehensively informed and up-to-date, novel and innovative technology approaches emphasising European developments are reviewed.     

高校环境管理和废弃物处理处置

高校是社会的一个特殊群体,承载着人才培养、科学研究、社会服务和文化传承创新等重任.解决好广大师生在日常工作、学习和生活中所产生的各类废弃物的处理处置问题,以及大学校园的环境规划和环境管理问题,是办好现代大学的重要工作.就高校面临的环境问题、高校环境管理的特殊性和高校废弃物处理处置中应该注意的问题等进行探讨.     

微生物絮凝剂及其在水处理中的应用

近年来对微生物絮凝剂的研究不断深入，新的高效菌种不断被发现。简要介绍了微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理、分关、絮凝效果及影响因素，重点介绍了新型微生物絮凝剂在水处理中的应用。