《企业安全生产标准化基本规范》的目标管理探讨——兼论安全目标管理的方法与流程

“目标”是《企业安全生产标准化基本规范》等管理体系标准的关键管理要素之一.在管理体系标准实施的过程中,对目标这一管理要素一直存在着争议和困惑.介绍了目标管理(MBO)的内涵、理论、方法与存在的主要问题,对《企业安全生产标准化基本规范》中与目标相关的管理要素如5.1、5.5.5、5.8.3、5.13.1要素等进行了较为详细的解读.认为企业在理解和实施安全生产标准化系统的目标要素时,需要关注以下三个要点:第一是明确安全目标的来源和作用;第二是构建一个树状结构的安全目标体系,它应包括企业层面的结果导向型目标、要素层面的结果或过程导向型目标以及过程层面的过程导向型目标,并给出了一个企业的安全管理目标体系的案例;第三是建立较为完善的安全目标管理制度.     

Actual and perceived social norms of children’s road crossing behavior

This study compared the actual and perceived social norms regarding road crossing behaviors, and aimed at uncovering a misperception of group norms. The basic notion underlying the study was that if children perceived the behaviors and attitudes of their friends regarding road crossing as more negative than they actually are, this might lead the children to adopt riskier behavior when crossing the road. The participants were comprised of 123 elementary school children (ages from 6 to 13; 78 boys - 65% and 42 girls - 35%) from Beitar-Ilit, a religious city in Israel. A questionnaire especially constructed for the study was administered to the participants. A t-test yielded a significant difference between the child’s own attitudes score and the perceived peers’ attitudes score. On average, children perceive their friends’ attitudes with regard to road crossing behaviors as being more negative compared to their own attitudes. A second t-test yielded a significant difference between the child’s own behavior score and the perceived peers’ behavior score. Children perceived the road crossing behavior of their friends as riskier relative to their own crossing behavior. A regression test revealed that the variables, perceived peers’ attitudes and perceived peers’ behaviors, contributed significantly to the explained variance: the more risky the perceived peers’ attitudes and behaviors with regard to road crossing, the more risky the child’s own behavior when crossing the road. It is hoped that an interventional educational program based on positive norms in the social group will encourage children to exhibit safe behavior in the roads.     

Making work safer: Testing a model of social exchange and safety management

Introduction

This study tests a conceptual model that focuses on social exchange in the context of safety management. The model hypothesizes that supportive safety policies and programs should impact both safety climate and organizational commitment. Further, perceived organizational support is predicted to partially mediate both of these relationships.

Methods

Study outcomes included traditional outcomes for both organizational commitment (e.g., withdrawal behaviors) as well as safety climate (e.g., self-reported work accidents). Questionnaire responses were obtained from 1,723 employees of a large national retailer.

Results

Using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques, all of the model's hypothesized relationships were statistically significant and in the expected directions. The results are discussed in terms of social exchange in organizations and research on safety climate.

Impact on Industry

Maximizing safety is a social-technical enterprise. Expectations related to social exchange and reciprocity figure prominently in creating a positive climate for safety within the organization.     

Fathers' work experiences effect children's behaviors via job-related affect and parenting behaviors

We suggest that fathers' work experiences (decision latitude, job demands, job insecurity and interrole conflict) indirectly influence children's behaviors (acting out, shyness and school competence) through their sequential effects on job-related affect (job satisfaction, negative job-related mood and job tension) and parenting behaviors (punishing, rejecting and authoritative behaviors). Data on work experiences, job-related affect and parenting behaviors were obtained from 189 fathers; teachers provided ratings of the children's behaviors. Path analysis provided support for the proposed model. Conceptual implications and suggestions for future research on fathers' employment and the links between work and family are discussed.     

福建省安全生产与经济社会发展关系研究

安全生产是一个国家或地区经济社会发展过程中必然面临的一个课题.通过统计分析福建省经济社会发展相关指标及安全生产事故相关指标,分析了安全生产与经济社会发展之间的联系,论述了两者的辩证统一关系.     

Increasing coping resources at work: A field experiment to increase social support,improve work team functioning,and enhance employee mental health

Correlational studies have identified worksite coping resources such as social support and perceived control, and have suggested a positive role for such resources in employee stress processes. However, little experimental evidence has demonstrated the causal role of worksite coping resources in improving mental health, nor how worksite coping resources can be enhanced. This paper reports the results of a field experiment intended to provide such evidence. Human service workers participated in a theory-driven training program designed to increase individual and group psychosocial coping resources and individuals' abilities to use those resources when coping with job demands. The inclusion of selection variables in models used to estimate the impact of the intervention controlled for selection biases and also allowed for the assessment of the impact of the training on those workers identified as most prone to turnover and on those most likely to participate in such an intervention. Results indicated that the program enhanced the work team climate and reduced depresssive symptoms and somatization in those most at risk for leaving their jobs. The program was also effective in increasing the amount of supervisor support received on the job and strengthening perceptions of coping abilities in those workers most likely to participate in the program.     

移动电极静电除尘器结构设计改进

移动电极静电除尘器通过刷除阳极板上收集的粉尘的方式进行清灰.移动电极是指阳极系统做回转运动,阳极板呈带条状,固定在链条上,随链轮转动,能有效克服困扰常规电除尘器的高比电阻粉尘导致的反电晕及振打二次扬尘等难题,大幅提高了除尘效率.对于移动电极静电除尘器来说,如何提高移动极板、旋转刷、链条等运动组件的运行可靠性是关键.由于移动电极静电除尘器对烟气入口浓度有上限要求,因此,改进考虑将前几个电场采用常规固定电极除尘区作为预除尘区,以降低移动电极静电除尘器入口处烟气浓度,提出了常规固定电极除尘区与移动电极除尘区联合使用的除尘器收尘性能公式.     

Accounting for the quality of work life

This study describes the development and issuance of an independent report on the quality of work life in a Corporation. The theory underlying the report, criteria, definitions, measurement procedures, the properties of the measures, and report itself are presented. A survey indicating a favourable reception to the data by stockholders, financial analysts, and employees is analysed. Recommendations for increased collaboration between accountants and behavioural scientists in the measurement and assessment of the quality of work life are presented in an effort to stimulate further research in the development of standardized measures and in the preparation of independent reports on the quality of work life in organizations.     

实用作业场所危险性评价方法

探讨一种操作简便、实用性强,既可定量评价又可在评价过程中得出定性评价结果的全新的安全评价方法,并阐述了其理论依据.     

Preferences for forms of supervisory social influence

As part of a study of the predictive utility of employee preferences for forms of supervisory inducements, a sample of 236 administrators and first-line supervisors provided survey data regarding their individual superiors. The respondents' statements of preferred forms of social influence from their superiors were statistically adjusted for the reported level of influence used in order to determine more precisely whether discrepancies between actual and preferred forms of influence could uniquely predict criterion variance. Results indicated that these adjusted discrepancy values were inversely correlated with satisfaction with supervision, ingroup status, and superior's considerate-ness. These supportive results suggest that discrepancies between preferences for inducements and reported forms of influence may be an important ingredient in a fuller explanation of the phenomenon of motivation and leadership.     

安全生产规划体系框架探讨

阐述了建立安全生产规划体系的必要性,探讨了安全生产规划的定义、研究对象、目的和内容,指出安全生产规划是为使安全生产与经济社会协调发展而预先对未来一段时间内各项安全生产工作所做的时间和空间的合理安排,具有整体性、综合性、动态性、前瞻性、信息密集和政策性强等特征。同时设计了"四级、三层"的安全生产规划体系,即在行政层级上分为国家级、省级、市级和县级四个层级,在协调作用上分为宏观指导层、项目布局层和方案实施层三个层次。国家安全生产规划从宏观上对全国安全生产工作做出谋划与部署,省级安全生产规划要接受国家安全生产规划宏观指导性的引导和要求,并结合各地实际进行项目布局,同时借助专项规划分解内容,制定市、县级规划实施方案。     

LNG船舶进出港航行移动安全区宽度定量计算分析

为保障液化天然气(LNG)船舶进出港通航安全,提出一种基于LNG船舶碰撞事故概率和风险的LNG船舶移动安全区宽度界定方法。该方法以船舶碰撞概率模型、船舶碰撞损害模型和LNG池火危害模型为基础,计算LNG船舶在航行过程中的事故概率和风险,并根据其分布特征,结合事故概率与风险可接受标准,定量界定LNG船舶移动安全区的宽度。研究表明,LNG船舶移动安全区宽度与通航水域交通流分布、事故船舶的排水量、航行速度等相关。在水上交通管理应用中,可根据LNG船舶及应用水域交通的实际情况确定LNG船舶进出港航行移动安全区的宽度。     

石油工业动火安全防护方法研究

在石油生产设备设施的建设安装和检修动火过程中,工程技术人员创造发明了防护盲板、防护接地、加装管道扫线接口和绝缘螺栓四种防护方法。防护盲板主要应用于隔离动火一方与不动火一方的防护,防止在动火管线可能着火放炮时,保障动火安全;防护接地是为防止被动火设备因电焊机杂散电流引起火灾而设置的专用接地线,把杂散电流引入大地;扫线接口既可用于管道的排空,又可利用此接口输入气体或液体对管道进行扫线;绝缘螺栓应用于管线法兰与容器法兰之间加绝缘盲板的临时固定,以隔离管线与容器法兰的电焊杂散电流通路。为石油工业动火作业安全提供技术参考。     

事故应急预案相互衔接技术探讨

作为国家应急预案体系的重要组成部分,生产经营单位应结合本单位的实际情况编制安全生产事故应急预案并形成体系,互相衔接。本文分析了应急预案相互衔接的重要性及其要求,按照常态和非常态两种模式提出了应急预案相互衔接的方式,可以供生产经营单位编制安全生产事故应急预案时参考。     

掀起事故的盖头来--对某矿安全工作情况调查与思考

为探讨煤矿企业事故频发的特点原因,笔者日前对建矿有32年历史的地方国有某矿历年所发生的各类事故进行整理归类,为安全工作提供警示和借鉴。1 把握事故案例特点,提供安全工作“镜子”1.1 案例具有典型性、警示教育鲜明 在该矿所发生的事故中,不少案例颇具典型性。如工亡案例中,“欲想扒车下班忙,没想命伤一瞬间”、“放炮不按章,造成二命丧”、“休息不注     

推进危化品企业安全生产标准化工作策略研究

深入开展危化品企业安全生产标准化建设,是贯彻落实以人为本、安全发展理念的重要措施,是落实企业安全生产主体责任的重要举措,是有效防范事故、遏制重大事故的重要手段,是实施安全许可制度、强化源头管理的有效措施,是建立安全生产长效机制的有效途径.首先对危化品企业安全生产标准化的发展历程进行了分析和研究,针对现阶段开展安全生产标准化工作中普遍存在的一些问题,从企业实施安全生产标准化、评审单位进行达标评审与咨询指导和安全监管部门行使安全监管职能四个层面提出了推动安全生产标准化工作的策略和方法.     

Expert system application for prioritizing preventive actions for shift work: shift expert

Introduction. Shift patterns, work hours, work arrangements and worker motivations have increasingly become key factors for job performance. The main objective of this article is to design an expert system that identifies the negative effects of shift work and prioritizes mitigation efforts according to their importance in preventing these negative effects. The proposed expert system will be referred to as the shift expert. Methods. A thorough literature review is conducted to determine the effects of shift work on workers. Our work indicates that shift work is linked to demographic variables, sleepiness and fatigue, health and well-being, and social and domestic conditions. These parameters constitute the sections of a questionnaire designed to focus on 26 important issues related to shift work. The shift expert is then constructed to provide prevention advice at the individual and organizational levels, and it prioritizes this advice using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process model, which considers comparison matrices provided by users during the prioritization process. An empirical study of 61 workers working on three rotating shifts is performed. After administering the questionnaires, the collected data are analyzed statistically, and then the shift expert produces individual and organizational recommendations for these workers.     

Environmental evaluation for workplace violence in healthcare and social services

PROBLEM: Federal policy recommends environmental strategies as part of a comprehensive workplace violence program in healthcare and social services. The purpose of this project was to contribute specific, evidence-based guidance to the healthcare and social services employer communities regarding the use of environmental design to prevent violence. METHOD: A retrospective record review was conducted of environmental evaluations that were performed by an architect in two Participatory Action Research (PAR) projects for workplace violence prevention in 2000 and, in the second project in 2005. Ten facility environmental evaluation reports along with staff focus group reports from these facilities were analyzed to categorize environmental risk factors for Type II workplace violence. RESULTS: Findings were grouped according to their impact on access control, the ability to observe patients (natural surveillance), patient and worker safety (territoriality), and activity support. DISCUSSION: The environmental assessment findings reveal design and security issues that, if corrected, would improve safety and security of staff, patients, and visitors and reduce fear and unpredictability. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Healthcare and social assistance employers can improve the effectiveness of violence prevention efforts by including an environmental assessment with complementary hazard controls.     

企业有效落实安全生产责任主体实践

先进的理念、科学的管理及班组自主活动是企业有效落实安全生产责任的三大支柱.一个良好的企业氛围是实现科学管理和推进班组自主活动的基础和前提,间时科学的管理和班组自主活动的开展对形成良好的企业氛围起到积极有效的促进作用.本文同时系统地介绍了如何实现科学管理、推进班组自主活动的一些具体方法和手段.