住宅室内降尘中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染特征及传输途径

本文分别于夏季和冬季在北京市40户家庭的客厅和卧室采集降尘样品,研究降尘中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的污染特征.结果表明,室内降尘中主要的PAEs(及其浓度)为DIBP (39.6 ng·mg~(-1),几何平均浓度,下同)、DBP (38.7 ng·mg~(-1))和DEHP (418.5 ng·mg~(-1)).降尘中PAEs的浓度与温度、相对湿度和换气次数均呈显著正相关(P0.005).这是由于室温升高和换气次数增高加快PAEs的源排放速率,促进室内空气中PAEs积累并通过气相媒介传输使得降尘PAEs浓度增高;湿度升高促进空气中PAEs向降尘的传质,增大降尘中PAEs浓度.3种因素共同影响使得夏季降尘中3种PAEs的浓度均显著高于冬季(P0.0001).研究还发现,源材料中PAEs至降尘的传输途径包括以气相为媒介的间接传输和源至降尘的直接转移,因此降尘PAEs浓度与采集平面材料相关;降尘PAEs浓度还受降尘在室内的停留时间影响.因此,相关研究需指明降尘的类型、采集位置和平面材料,便于利用测量数据进行准确的暴露评估.     

典型废物回收园区土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯分布与风险评价

采集天津典型废物回收园区(分为室外回收区和规范化厂区两部分)和周边农田土壤样品36个,分析了土壤中美国环保部优先监测的邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalic acid ester,PAEs)的含量,并进一步研究了污染物的分布特征、环境来源和生态风险.结果表明,7种PAEs在不同土壤中均有不同程度检出.规范化厂区和农田土壤中∑PAEs含量分别为0.889—2.22、0.385—2.54 mg·kg~(-1),显著低于室外回收区∑PAEs含量(1.81—15.9 mg·kg~(-1)).邻苯二甲酸二异(2-乙基)己脂(DEHP)是最主要的PAEs污染物,平均贡献率70%.主成分分析结果表明,研究区域土壤中PAEs主要来源于废料回收、再利用过程中的排放.风险评价结果表明,部分土壤DEHP暴露对成人和儿童的致癌风险超出了可接受水平.废物回收园区,特别是室外操作模式带来的PAEs的暴露风险应引起重视.     

汾河流域邻苯二甲酸酯的分布特征及生态风险评价

本文以汾河流域作为研究对象,系统研究了水相及沉积物中6种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的含量、组成和空间分布,同时对汾河流域水体和沉积物中PAEs进行生态风险评价.研究表明,汾河流域丰水期水相中PAEs总量为2.79—206.33μg·L~(-1),平均浓度按DEHP(邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基己基)酯)DBP(邻苯二甲酸二丁酯)BBP(邻苯二甲酸丁基节基酯)DEP(邻苯二甲酸二乙酯)DMP(邻苯二甲酸二甲酯)DNOP(邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯)的顺序递减.其空间分布结果表现为,干流PAEs浓度低于支流,从上游到下游干流PAEs浓度呈现先升后降的趋势.依据国家地表水环境质量标准(GB3838—2002)对DBP、DEHP标准限值的规定,丰水期有60%的站点超过3μg·L~(-1)和8μg·L~(-1)的限值.丰水期沉积物中PAEs浓度范围为0.064—3.551μg·L~(-1),平均浓度按DEHPDBPDMPDEPBBP的顺序递减,干流PAEs高于支流,中下游PAEs含量高于上游,其中中游的太原段沉积相中PAEs污染相对严重.生态风险评价结果表明,汾河流域水相中PAEs的生态风险大小排序依次为DBPDEHPDEPDMP,DBP和DEHP在大部分采样点存在一定的潜在生态风险,DMP和DEP的生态风险在可接受范围;沉积物PAEs中所有种类的平均含量未超过风险评价的低值(ERL),对生物的潜在危害较小.     

孕妇血清邻苯二甲酸酯浓度与妊娠期糖尿病之间的关系

邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)广泛暴露于人体,对孕妇有许多不利影响.迄今为止,已发表了许多关于PAE对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)风险影响的研究,但这些研究的结果存在争议.本研究共采集了2011年至2012年158例孕妇血清样本(包括104名GDM孕妇和54名未患GDM孕妇),利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)测量了血清中16种PAEs的浓度,并研究了血清中PAEs浓度与孕妇患GDM风险和血糖水平之间的关系.结果表明,邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP,平均值为32.95 ng·mL^-1)是孕妇血清中浓度最高的PAEs,其次是邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP,平均值为20.55 ng·mL^-1)和邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP,平均值为9.89 ng·mL^-1). Logistic回归分析结果指出,孕妇血清中的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP,odds ratio(OR)=2.39,95%置信区间(CI):1.14,3.85),DBP(OR=3.54,95%CI:1.25,5.70),邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP,OR=2.32,95%CI:1.7...     

长江干流、嘉陵江和乌江重庆段邻苯二甲酸酯污染特征及生态风险评估

以重庆境内长江干流及其主要支流嘉陵江和乌江,作为研究对象,系统分析了沿江不同监测位点水体和沉积物中16种邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalic acid esters,PAEs)的含量、组成和分布;同时开展了水体和沉积物中PAEs的生态风险评估。水体中共检出7种PAEs,总浓度范围为6.18～81.8μg·L-1,主要污染物为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(butyl benzyl phthalate,BBP)和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(dimethyl phthalate,DMP)。长江干流中游水体中PAEs的浓度明显高于上游和下游,在乌江汇入长江干流的监测位点水体中也检出了较高浓度的PAEs,主要原因可能与其受周围工业园区所排放废水的影响有关。沉积物中共检出8种PAEs,浓度范围为2.24～12.26μg·g-1,污染物以邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate,DEHP)、BBP和DBP为主;沉积物中PAEs的沿江分布均未发现明显规律,其受工业废水排放的影响相对较小。生态风险评估结果表明,水体中DBP在大部分位点,以及邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)和DEHP在少数位点,均存在一定程度的潜在生态风险,而DMP、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、BBP和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DOP)的生态风险均处于可接受范围;沉积物中DEHP对生物体存在一定的潜在影响,而DBP的潜在风险相对较小。     

基于监测数据对邻苯二甲酸酯在室内PM2.5-空气和灰尘-空气间分配状态的研究

邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)是室内环境中广泛存在的内分泌干扰物之一.过去认为气相媒介传输机制主导包括PAEs在内的SVOCs在室内环境中分配的观点近年来已受到质疑.为探究PAEs在真实室内环境中的分配状态,本文利用监测数据计算PAEs在PM2.5-空气和灰尘-空气之间的分配系数(分别为Kp和Kd),并与平衡状态下的分配系数(Kp*和Kd*)比较.夏季和冬季DiBP、DnBP和DEHP在PM2.5-空气间的Kp中位值(m3·μg-1)分别为0.053和0.011、0.010和0.004、0.021和0.025.与Kp*的比较表明整体而言DEHP的分配在两季均无法达到平衡,其在PM2.5中的浓度低于与气相平衡时的浓度;DiBP和DnBP的分配在两个季节均可能趋于平衡.夏季和冬季DiBP、DnBP和DEHP在灰尘-空气间的Kd中位值(m3·mg-1)分别为0.13和0.06、0.02和0.018、5.62和0.76.与Kd*的比较表明整体上3种PAEs在两个季节都偏离平衡状态:夏季3种PAEs灰尘中的浓度均显著高于与气相平衡时的浓度,而冬季则相反.通过分析可以得到:1)PAEs可从源材料直接传输至灰尘;2)空气湿度和PM2.5的有机成分亦可能对PAEs在空气和PM2.5间的分配状态产生影响.     

PAEs胁迫对高/低累积品种水稻根系形态及根系分泌低分子有机酸的影响

以前期筛选获得的邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)高/低累积基因型水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种(培杂泰丰/丰优丝苗)进行水培试验,分别于分蘖期和拔节期采集样品,采用根系扫描仪分析根系形态学特性、高效液相色谱法测定根系分泌物中低分子有机酸成分,以及采用气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)测定水稻根、茎、叶中PAEs质量分数。对比研究两种基因型水稻的根系形态特征和根系分泌物(低分子有机酸)的差异,初步探讨两种基因型水稻吸收累积PAEs差异原因,为保障农产品质量安全提供科学依据。结果表明,随着培养液中PAEs质量浓度增加,两种基因型水稻总根长、根表面积和根体积先增大后减小;相同PAEs质量浓度下,高累积型品种培杂泰丰根系形态指标大多高于丰优丝苗。两种水稻体内的PAEs质量分数均随污染物浓度增大而升高,高PAEs水平(80 mg·L-1)处理是低PAEs水平(20 mg·L-1)处理的3.8~7.3倍(邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP))和2.7~20.4倍(邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)),培杂泰丰高于丰优丝苗。植物体内DBP和DEHP质量分数呈现根叶≥茎。分蘖期两种水稻体内DBP和DEHP质量分数高于拔节期,且与营养液中PAEs的质量浓度呈显著相关,但拔节期的相关程度减弱。拔节期两种水稻根系分泌物中低分子有机酸质量浓度随培养液中PAEs质量浓度升高呈现不同的变化规律,但二者草酸质量浓度均增加(在1.11~8.13 mg·L-1之间),并与根系中DBP和DEHP的质量分数呈显著正相关。说明PAEs胁迫会影响水稻根系形态和低分子有机酸分泌,进而影响水稻对PAEs的吸收累积。     

接种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)降解菌缓解PAEs对玉米胁迫效应和机制研究

邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)是一类典型的环境内分泌干扰物,国内农业土壤普遍受PAEs的污染。土壤中的PAEs可被农作物吸收累积,影响植物的生理生化特性和农产品的质量安全。探索PAEs污染土壤的生物修复技术以及高效降解菌缓解PAEs污染胁迫和降低农作物吸收累积PAEs迫在眉睫。以在土壤中的质量分数和检出频率均较高的邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)为目标化合物,采用DEHP污染土壤(18 mg·kg~(-1)和75 mg·kg~(-1))进行盆栽玉米(Zea mays)试验,研究接种PAEs高效降解菌(嗜吡啶红球菌Rhodococcus pyridinivorans XB)缓解DEHP胁迫对玉米生长、吸收积累DEHP的影响及其抗氧化酶系统的响应。结果显示,经DEHP处理的玉米丙二醛质量摩尔浓度显著增加(P0.05),尤其是高浓度处理的玉米根系丙二醛质量摩尔浓度增加464%;且高浓度处理的玉米根系过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性显著增加(P0.05),生物量显著下降(P0.05),说明DEHP严重影响玉米的生长。与不接种微生物处理相比,玉米接种菌株XB能显著提高玉米体内超氧化物歧化酶(10%~154%)、过氧化氢酶(11%~34%)及多酚氧化酶(48%~288%)活性,显著降低丙二醛质量摩尔浓度(30%~60%),提高玉米生物量(5%~85%),减少玉米对DEHP的吸收积累(4%~60%)。结果说明菌株XB能缓解土壤DEHP对玉米生长的胁迫,降低玉米吸收积累DEHP,有利于保障农产品质量安全。     

中国典型城市水环境中邻苯二甲酸酯类污染水平与生态风险评价

邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)作为一类重要的环境激素类化学物质,被广泛应用于塑料的增塑剂中。随着工业的发展,中国PAEs的需求量迅速增加,PAEs已成为中国城市水环境的重要风险因子,因此需要对其进行生态风险评价。本研究首先针对我国典型城市水环境中PAEs的污染现状进行文献综述,总结归纳得到我国典型城市水环境中PAEs的污染分布特征;其次运用熵值法计算了我国典型水环境中PAEs对于藻类、水蚤和鱼类种群的生态风险,并依据生态风险等级划分标准将PAEs生态风险划分为4个水平。文献综述结果表明我国城市水环境中的PAEs浓度多数都高于8.00μg·L~(-1),超过了我国地表水环境质量标准(PRC-NS 2002)和饮用水质量标准(PRC-NS 2006)中的规定限值,且在大城市或PAEs工业区周围的污染水平要显著高于其他区域。将我国与国外典型城市水环境中PAEs的污染水平进行比较,结果表明我国水环境中的PAEs污染水平明显高于其他国家。此外,我国城市水环境中PAEs的污染不仅出现在地表水环境中,而且在广东东莞等地的地下水环境中也出现了PAEs污染,PAEs浓度范围为0.0~6.7μg·L~(-1)。生态风险评价的结果表明,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯(BBP)是我国城市水环境中最主要的风险因子。PAEs污染分布特征和生态风险评价的结果表明我国城市水环境中的PAEs生态风险值总体处于10≤风险熵(RQ)100到RQ≥100水平,尤其是在大城市或者PAEs工业密集区域,因此,亟需对我国城市水环境中PAEs的生态风险进行早期预警和风险管理。     

再生水受纳湖泊中邻苯二甲酸酯的生态风险时空分布及管控建议

本研究以再生水受纳湖泊J湖为研究对象,基于多介质归趋模型对湖泊水相和沉积相中邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalic acid esters, PAEs)进行不同时空生态风险评估。结果显示,水相和沉积相中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(dimethyl phthalate, DMP)和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(diethyl phthalate, DEP)的危险商(hazard quotient, HQ)均小于0.1,对湖泊水生生物的风险水平为无风险;湖泊中的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate, DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, DEHP)生态风险表现出显著的空间异质性,水相中,DBP低风险区占42.7%,DEHP中风险、低风险区分别占93.5%、5.6%;在沉积相中,DBP中风险、低风险区分别占0.5%、69.2%,DEHP中风险、低风险区分别占0.9%、68.3%。不同季节中,湖泊水相DEP、DBP和DEHP的生态风险差异较大,沉积物中PAEs的生态风险随季节变化与水相相似。最后,建议降低再生水中DBP和DEHP的浓度并从源头管控降低...     

Investigating into composition,distribution, sources and health risk of phthalic acid esters in street dust of Xi’an City,Northwest China

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are widely used as plasticizers and in consumer products, which may enter the environment and present risks to human health. U.S. EPA classifies six PAEs as priority pollutants, which could be accumulated in street dust at the interface of atmosphere, biosphere and geosphere. This study collected a total of 58 street dust samples from Xi’an City in Northwest China and analyzed for concentrations of the priority PAEs. Composition, distribution, sources and health risk of the PAEs were further examined. All the priority PAEs were detected in the street dust. The concentrations of individual PAEs varied between not detected and 183.19 mg/kg. The sum of the 6 priority PAEs (∑6PAEs) ranged from 0.87 to 250.30 mg/kg with a mean of 40.48 mg/kg. The most abundant PAEs in the street dust were di-n-butyl phthalate and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Higher concentrations of ∑6PAEs in the street dust were found in the south and west parts of Xi’an City as well as its urban center, which were possibly attributed to the prevailing northerly Asian winter monsoon. The PAEs in the street dust originated mainly from wide application of plasticizers as well as cosmetics and personal care products. The main pathways of human exposure to PAEs in the street dust were ingestion and dermal adsorption of dust particles. The non-cancer risk of human exposure to PAEs in the street dust was relatively low, while the risk to children was higher than that to adults. The cancer risk of human exposure to DEHP in the street dust was lower than the standard limit value of 10^?6.     

最大累积率识别中国地表水中邻苯二甲酸酯类关键污染物和复合污染生态风险

邻苯二甲酸酯类物质(phthalic acid esters,PAEs)环境存在量大,研究表明其能对水生生物造成寿命减少、发育不良、细胞受损等负效应.因此,为保护水生生物,我国地表水中PAEs的生态风险需要科学评估.本文利用了风险商法(risk quotient,RQ)、最大累积率法(maximum cumulative ratio,MCR)、联合概率曲线法(joint probability curve,JPC)结合毒性当量的概念构建了三层级生态风险评价体系,借此评估了我国地表水中PAEs的分布情况与生态风险.结果显示,我国地表水中共检出19种PAEs,浓度范围为ND—5616.80μg·L^-1.邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)环境存在量最高,且DEHP为PAEs风险的主要贡献者.以DEHP为参照物,JPC的结果显示我国PAEs对5%生物造成急性影响的概率为6.25%—24.02%,造成慢性影响的概率为8.05%—27.79%.PAEs对我国水生生态系统,尤其是西北、东北、中部及华东地区存在较高的生态风险.     

Distribution and sources of phthalate esters in the topsoils of Beijing,China

Phthalate esters in the topsoil samples collected from Beijing were determined by derivatization and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques. The results showed that diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate ester (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate ester (DBP), dibutyl (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and dimethyl phthalate (DMP) were found in the topsoils. The total concentrations of the five phthalate esters varied from 2.30 to 24.71 μg g^?1. According to phthalate esters (PAEs) control standards in soil of the USA, the standard exceeding rates of DMP, DBP, and DEHP were 100 %, 100 %, and 4.84 % in soils of Beijing, respectively. The rate of DBP exceeding soil remediation standard was 12.9 %. Overall, concentrations of PAEs in Beijing were at a high level in China. The concentrations of DBP, DEHP, and DIBP were high, and the total concentrations of all the phthalate esters were higher in the areas with intensive human activities than in the other areas, which may be related to the use of phthalate compounds (such as the use of plastic products). The total and individual concentrations of phthalate compounds were relatively low in the areas that used plastic films compared with other samples due to the diffusion of atmospheric motion, categories, and amounts of plastic products and other factors. The greatest contributor may be the usage amount of plastic products in people’s daily lives.     

Screening of phthalic acid esters in raw materials,premixes and feed additives

Phthalates are animal carcinogens and may cause death or tissue deformities. Samples of feedstuffs collected in 2005 and 2006 from industrial feed manufacturers in the Czech Republic were analysed for contamination with phthalic acid esters (PAEs), specifically di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP). Samples of feed additives, premixes and raw materials were collected (year 2005, n = 26). For soybean oil, the total volume of phthalates measured (DBP + DEHP) reached a level of 131.42 mg kg⁻¹; for rapeseed oil, fish meal and animal fats, the levels measured were 15.00, 7.96 and 58.87 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The lowest level of DBP + DEHP was found in corn (2.03 mg kg⁻¹). Since phthalates were detected, samples of feed additives (n = 28) and raw materials (n = 28) were collected again in 2006. The highest levels of DBP + DEHP were found in raw materials containing fat. Phthalate levels in rapeseed oil samples ranged from 1.38 to 32.40 mg kg⁻¹ DBP + DEHP. For feed additives, contamination levels in vitamins and amino acids ranged from 0.06 to 3.15 and 1.76 to 4.52 mg kg⁻¹ DBP + DEHP, respectively. Here, we show that the levels of PAEs found in cereals such as wheat, barley and corn may be regarded as being alarmingly high, because cereals make up the largest proportion of compound feed of farm animals.     

Occurrence and migration of microplastics and plasticizers in different wastewater and sludge treatment units in municipal wastewater treatment plant

● Reduce the quantifying MPs time by using Nile red staining. ● The removal rate of MPs and PAEs in wastewater and sludge were investigated. ● MPs and PAEs were firstly analyzed during thermal hydrolysis treatment. ● The removal of PAEs from wastewater and sludge was mainly biodegradation. Microplastics (MPs) and plasticizers, such as phthalate esters (PAEs), were frequently detected in municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTP). Previous research mainly studied the removal of MPs and PAEs in wastewater. However, the occurrence of MPs and PAEs in the sludge was generally ignored. To comprehensively investigate the occurrence and the migration behaviors of MPs and PAEs in MWTP, a series of representative parameters including the number, size, color, shape of MPs, and the concentrations of PAEs in wastewater and sludge were systematically investigated. In this study, the concentrations of MPs in the influent and effluent were 15.46±0.37 and 0.30±0.14 particles/L. The MP removal efficiency of 98.1% was achieved and about 73.8% of MPs were accumulated in the sludge in the MWTP. The numbers of MPs in the sludge before and after digestion were 4.40±0.14 and 0.31±0.01 particles/g (dry sludge), respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) analysis showed that the main types of MPs were polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS). Six PAEs, including phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), ortho dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), and bis(2-ethyl) hexyl phthalate (DEHP), were detected in the MWTP. The concentrations of total PAEs (ΣPAEs) in the influent and effluent were 76.66 and 6.28 µg/L, respectively. The concentrations of ΣPAEs in the sludge before and after digestion were 152.64 and 31.70 µg/g, respectively. In the process of thermal hydrolysis, the number and size of MPs decreased accompanied by the increase of the plasticizer concentration.     

南京市大气气溶胶中酞酸酯的分布特征

利用分级采样器采样 ,高效液相色谱检测 ,研究了南京市春夏秋冬四季六大功能区 (工业区 ,交通区 ,文化区 ,商业区 ,园林风景区和居民生活区 )大气气溶胶中的酞酸酯 .结果表明 :南京市大气气溶胶中检出的酞酸酯有 :邻苯二甲酸二甲酯 (DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 (DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯 (DEHP) ,其含量随功能区和季节而变化 ,平均浓度具有工业区 >居民区 >交通区 >商业区 >文化区 >园林风景区和秋、冬季浓度高于春、夏季的分布特征     

行道树悬铃木叶片中邻苯二甲酸酯的研究

采集上海市杨浦区部分交通道路两侧行道树悬铃木叶片样品,对邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的分布特征进行分析.结果表明,叶片组织和表面附着物中均含有邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP);叶片组织易于吸收主要以气相存在于大气中的DBP,质量面积比范围高于表面附着物8倍以上;而主要存在于大气悬浮颗粒中的DEHP在叶片表面附着物中的质量面积比高于DBP.行道树悬铃木叶片中的PAEs质量面积比与机动车流量有一定的相关性.     

番茄对污染土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯的吸收累积特征

利用盆栽实验研究了番茄对污染土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的吸收积累特征。结果表明,番茄根系、茎、叶和果实均可以吸收累积PAEs化合物,其含量与土壤污染程度成正相关;相同处理的番茄茎、叶和果实中邻苯二甲酸正丁酯(DBP)含量均高于邻苯二甲酸异辛酯(DEHP),而番茄根系中DBP的含量低于DEHP; 4个不同处理方式土壤中DBP和DEHP的残留量顺序均为:灭菌土壤组灭菌土壤种植番茄苗组未灭菌土壤组未灭菌土壤种植番茄苗组。无论是灭菌处理还是未灭菌处理,有番茄苗组土壤中PAEs含量均低于无番茄苗组,未灭菌土壤种植番茄苗组土壤中PAEs残留量最低,PAEs削减率高达96.39%,有番茄苗组微生物数量大于无番茄苗组。这些说明土壤中PAEs的削减是番茄植物和微生物协同作用的结果。     

Phytotoxicity in seven higher plant species exposed to di-n-butyl phthalate or bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

We investigated phytotoxicity in seven plant species exposed to a range of concentrations (0– 500 mg·kg⁻¹ soil) of di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) or bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), two representative phthalate esters (PAEs) nominated by USEPA as priority pollutants and known environmental estrogens. We studied seed germination, root elongation, seedling growth, biomass (fresh weight, FW) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of shoots and roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), oat (Avena sativa) and onion (Allium cepa L.), together with monitoring of plant pigment content (chlorophyll a, b and carotinoids) in alfalfa, radish and onion shoots. Root elongation, seedling growth and biomass of the test species were generally inhibited by DnBP but not by DEHP, indicating a lower level of phytotoxicity of DEHP than of DnBP. MDA contents of four species were promoted by PAE exposure, but not in alfalfa, ryegrass or onion shoots, indicating lower sensitivity of these three species to PAE pollutants. Plant pigment contents were clearly affected under the stress of both pollutants, implying the potential damage to the photosynthetic system of test plants, mainly by decreasing the content of chlorophyll a and b. Results of DnBP and DEHP phytotoxicity to the primary growth of test plants has provided information for the assessment of their environmental risk in the soil and also forms a basis for the further analysis of their toxic effects over the whole growth period of different plant species.     

邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯致赤子爱胜蚓体细胞氧化损伤的研究

以赤子爱胜蚓为实验材料,探讨了邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)对赤子爱胜蚓(Esisenia foelide)的毒性.DEHP染毒剂量:0、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6mmol·L-1,染毒2h后采用KCl-SDS沉淀法检测细胞匀浆DNA-蛋白质交联(DPC)系数,硫代巴比妥酸法检测丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果表明:随着DEHP染毒浓度的增加,赤子爱胜蚓细胞匀浆的DPC系数显著升高(F=14.1,p<0.01),并具有剂量-效应关系(r=0.8877,p<0.05),而MDA含量变化不显著,各染毒组与对照组之间不存在显著性差异(F=0.27,p>0.05).以上结果表明,实验浓度的DEHP暴露可使赤子爱胜蚓体细胞发生显著的DNA蛋白质交联,具有遗传毒性.